Anthropogenic activity,hydrological regime,and light level jointly influence temporal patterns in biosonar activity of the Yangtze finless porpoise at the junction of the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake,China

Under increasing anthropogenic pressure,species with a previously contiguous distribution across their ranges have been reduced to small fragmented populations.The critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis),once commonly observed in the Yangtze River-Poyang Lake junction,is now rarely seen in the river-lake corridor.In this study,static passive acoustic monitoring techniques were used to detect the biosonar activities of the Yangtze finless porpoise in this unique corridor.Generalized linear models were used to examine the correlation between these activities and anthropogenic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and boat navigation,as well as environmental variables,including hydrological conditions and light levels.Over approximately three consecutive years of monitoring(2020–2022),porpoise biosonar was detected during 93%of logged days,indicating the key role of the corridor for finless porpoise conservation.In addition,porpoise clicks were recorded in 3.80%of minutes,while feeding correlated buzzes were detected in 1.23%of minutes,suggesting the potential existence of localized,small-scale migration.Furthermore,both anthropogenic and environmental variables were significantly correlated with the diel,lunar,monthly,seasonal,and annual variations in porpoise biosonar activities.During the pandemic lockdown period,porpoise sonar detection showed a significant increase.Furthermore,a significant negative correlation was identified between the detection of porpoise click trains and buzzes and boat traffic intensity.In addition to water level and flux,daylight and moonlight exhibited significant correlations with porpoise biosonar activities,with markedly higher detections at night and quarter moon periods.Ensuring the spatiotemporal reduction of anthropogenic activities,implementing vessel speed restrictions(e.g.,during porpoise migration and feeding),and maintaining local natural hydrological regimes are critical factors for sustaining porpoise population viability.

Maintaining healthy rivers and lakes through water diversion from Yangtze River to Taihu Lake in Taihu Basin

On the basis of the Taihu water resources assessment, an analysis of the importance and rationality of the water diversion from the Yangtz,e River to Taihu Lake in solving the water problem and establishing a harmonious eco-environment in the Taihu Basin is performed. The water quantity and water quality conjunctive dispatching ＇decisi＂ofi-makifig support system, which ensures flood control, water supply and eco-aimed dispatching, is built by combining the water diversion with flood control dispatching and strengthening water resources monitoring and forecasting. With the practice and effect assessment, measures such as setting the -integrated basin management format, further developing water diversion and improving the hydraulic engineering projects system and water monitoring system are proposed in order to maintain healthy rivers and guarantee the development of the economy and society in the Taihu Basin.

Hydrodynamic effects of reconnecting lake group with Yangtze River in China

The hydrodynamic effects of reconnecting a lake group with the Yangtze River were simulated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The model was calibrated and validated using the measured water temperature and total phosphorous. The circulation patterns, water temperature, and water exchange conditions between sub-lakes were simulated under two conditions： （1） the present condition, in which the lake group is isolated from the Yangtze River; and （2） the future condition, with a proposed improvement in which connecting the lake group with the Yangtze River will allow river water to be diverted into the lake group. The simulation period selected was characterized by extremely high temperature and very little rain. The results show that the cold inflow from the river has a significant effect on the water temperature only near the inlets, and the effect is more obvious in the lower water layers than that in the upper ones. The circulation pattern changes significantly and small-scale vortices only exist in part of the lake regions. The water exchange between sub-lakes is greatly enhanced with the proposed improvement. The water replacement rate increases with water diversion but varies in different sub-lakes. Finally, a new water diversion scheme was proposed to avoid contamination of some lakes in the early stage.

Impact of Taihu Lake on City Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta

The lake-breeze at Taihu Lake generates a different specific heat capacity between the water body and the surrounding land. Taihu Lake has a significant impact on the atmospheric conditions and the air quality in the Yangtze River Delta. This phenomenon is referred to as the Taihu Lake effect. In this study, two simulations were conducted to determine the impact of the Taihu Lake effect in the reference experiment （R-E） and sensitivity experiments （NO_TH）. The control simulations demonstrated that the meteorological field and the spatial distribution of ozone （03） concentrations over Taihu lake obviously changed once the land-use type of water body was substituted by cropland. The surface temperature of Taihu Lake was reduced under the impact of Taihu Lake, and a huge temperature difference caused a strong lake-breeze effect. The results also showed that the difference in the average concentrations of 03 between the R-E and NO_TH experiments reached 12 ppbv in most areas of Taihu Lake, all day, on 20 May 2014. During daytime （0800-1600 LST, LST=UTC＋8）, the influence of the Taihu Lake effect on 03 in the Suzhou region was not significant. However, the influence of the Taihu Lake effect on 03 in the Suzhou region was obvious during nighttime （1800-2400 LST）. The larger changes in the physical and chemical processes were horizontal and vertical advections under the influence of the Taihu Lake effect in Taihu Lake.

Organic Phosphorus in Shallow Lake Sediments in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Area in China

Thirteen sediment core samples(0-10 cm) were taken from the seven lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to determine the contents and distributions of organic phosphorus(P) fractions in the sediments of the shallow lakes in the area.The organic P fractions in the sediments were in the order of moderately labile organic P(MLOP) > moderately resistant organic P(MROP) > highly resistant organic P(HROP) > labile organic P(LOP),with average proportional ratios of 13.2:2.8:1.3:1.0.LOP,MLOP,and MROP were significantly related to the contents of total organic carbon(TOC),water-soluble P(WSP),algal-available P(AAP),NaHCO3-extractable P(Olsen-P),total P(TP),organic P(OP),and inorganic P(IP).However,HROP was significantly related to OP and weakly correlated with TOC,WSP,AAP,Olsen-P,TP or IP.This suggested that organic P,especially LOP and MLOP in sediments,deserved even greater attention than IP in regards to lake eutrophication.In terms of organic P,sediments were more hazardous than soils in lake eutrophication.Although OP concentrations were higher in moderately polluted sediment than those in heavily polluted sediment,LOP and MLOP were higher in the heavily polluted sediment,which indicated that heavily polluted sediment was more hazardous than moderately polluted sediment in lake eutrophication.

Elevation of basal lacustrine sediments along the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its implications for the reconstruction of Holocene water levels

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,a primary region for freshwater lakes in China,have undergone significant transformations throughout the Holocene.These changes,driven by factors such as sea-level rise,climate change,and human activities,have led to the progressive elevation of water levels in this area.As a result,a floodplain has emerged,characterized by the formation of numerous shallow lakes along the river course.However,the pattern of water-level changes in the main channel of the Yangtze River during the Holocene remains unclear.This gap in knowledge poses challenges for understanding sediment transport dynamics,the interactions between the river and its adjacent lakes,and the prevention and control of flood disasters in the Yangtze River basin.To shed light on these issues,our study compiled data on the surface elevation and water depth of 81 lakes in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin.Additionally,we analyzed historical water-level records from the 1900s to the 1970s at eight gauging stations from Shashi to Jiangyin along the river’s main stream.Our findings reveal that,particularly along the Jingjiang section,the basal elevation of most lakes is lower than the Yangtze River’s water level during the dry season.Conversely,the water level of the main stream exceeds that of both the floodplain and the lakes enclosed by the Jingjiang embankment.In the tidal reach,especially within the Taihu Lake basin,the basal elevation of lakes typically falls below sea level.Meanwhile,lakes located along the section from Chenglingji to Wuhu exhibit basal elevations that correspond with the Yangtze River’s annual average and dry season water levels.Given the widespread presence of lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,our study introduces a new proxy for reconstructing the mean water level of the mid-lower Yangtze River in the Holocene.By analyzing sediments from Nanyi Lake and Chenyao Lake in the lower Yangtze River,we attempted to reconstruct the water level of the Yangtze River’s main channel since 8 ka BP.

The Sustainable Utilization of Lake Resources in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

Based on geographical and hydrological characteristics of lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, this paper analyzes the factors restricting the sustainable utilization of lake resources, including the conflict among agriculture water conservancy, and fishery, lake water pollution and eutrophication, lake siltation and swamping. The countermeasures and suggestions, such as improving the strategic status of lake harnessing, strengthening integrated management of lakes and their watershed, strengthening researches on lake environment and lake resources, are proposed to practice the sustainable utilization of lake resources.

Unraveling the mechanisms underlying lake expansion from 2001 to 2020 and its impact on the ecological environment in a typical alpine basin on the Tibetan Plateau

Yanhu Lake basin(YHB)is a typical alpine lake on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau(TP).Its continuous expansion in recent years poses serious threats to downstream major projects.As a result,studies of the mechanisms underlying lake expansion are urgently needed.The elasticity method within the Budyko framework was used to calculate the water balance in the Yanhu Lake basin(YHB)and the neighboring Tuotuo River basin(TRB).Results show intensification of hydrological cycles and positive trends in the lake area,river runoff,precipitation,and potential evapotranspiration.Lake expansion was significant between 2001 and 2020 and accelerated between 2015 and 2020.Precipitation increase was the key factor underlying the hydrological changes,followed by glacier meltwater and groundwater.The overflow of Yanhu Lake was inevitable because it was connected to three other lakes and the water balance of all four lakes was positive.The high salinity lake water diverted downstream will greatly impact the water quality of the source area of the Yangtze River and the stability of the permafrost base of the traffic corridor.

THE WARNING OF THE '98 YANGTZE DELUGE & OUR FLOOD CONTROL STRATEGY

Based on a panoramic analysis of the serious Yangtze deluge in 1998 and its hydrological traits, the authors elucidate the formative factors of the deluge and review existing flood-control policies in retrospect. In addition, some countermeas-ures are suggested for coping with similar calamities in the near future.

基于耳石微化学的长江禁捕前后鄱阳湖都昌水域刀鲚群体动态变化研究

为了解长江禁捕对鄱阳湖都昌南部水域刀鲚(Coilia nasus)资源的影响,利用电子探针微区分析(EPMA)分别对该水域禁捕前(2014年)和禁捕后(2019年)刀鲚的洄游生态学特征开展了研究。结果显示,所有刀鲚个体耳石自核心至边缘均依次具有锶钙比(Sr/Ca×1000)<3、3~7以及<3的生境履历特征,表现为典型的溯河洄游履历。禁捕后刀鲚数量(17尾)明显多于禁捕前(2尾),体长[(28.1±2.3)cm]也长于禁捕前[(21.3±4.7)cm],且长于禁捕前的已有报道。此外,刀鲚耳石边缘低值区呈现多样化特征[2014年(125.0±63.6)μm、80~170μm,2019年(173.5±73.6)μm、20~290μm],表现出多个上溯群体在该水域混栖的现象。结合该水域多数个体性腺尚未成熟,且都昌南部水域(大矶山至和合乡水域)是刀鲚群体自江湖通道出入鄱阳湖中部和南部湖区及通湖河流(如饶河、信江等)的必经之路,得出都昌水域主要行使刀鲚洄游通道的生态功能,亟须加强保护。

长江-涨渡湖水系沉积物微塑料分布与赋存特征

探究微塑料在涨渡湖水系的分布和赋存特征,可为湖泊沉积物微塑料老化及生物毒性风险评估提供基础数据。在阻隔湖泊涨渡湖、七湖、陶家大湖、邻近长江干支流和连通水道设置11个采样点,通过采集表层沉积物,分析了长江-涨渡湖水系沉积物微塑料丰度、尺寸、形状和种类组成。结果显示,长江-涨渡湖水系所有采样点沉积物中均有微塑料存在,其干物质中微塑料平均丰度为2602.25 n/kg,其中涨渡湖的微塑料丰度最高,为5687.69 n/kg。微塑料尺寸主要分布在[20,50]μm,占微塑料总颗粒数的59.04%;尺寸大于100μm时,微塑料丰度随尺寸的增大而减小;薄膜状微塑料最多,占微塑料总颗粒数的56.06%;微塑料种类主要为聚氯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、氟橡胶和氯化聚乙烯。研究结果有助于了解湖泊微塑料赋存现状及提升水生态环境质量。

不同调水方式对巢湖水质影响模拟

引调水工程是目前用来改善湖泊水质的重要手段,然而引调水的调水路线、来水水量以及来水水质对湖泊水质改善效果都至关重要。本文以“引江济巢”工程为例,针对巢湖的浅水湖泊特征,考虑引调水入湖后不仅对水量和水质有直接改善作用,还可能因为湖区水动力条件改变及内源释放影响水质,通过构建二维水动力水质模型,模拟不同调水路线、水量下湖区水动力条件,进一步考虑不同来水水质和底泥释放对水质改善的影响。结果显示,调水对流场的扰动在丰水年较弱、枯水年较强,流量对湖区水质影响随流量增大而增强,来水水质的优劣是决定湖区水体水质是否改善的关键。整体而言,西湖区受调水影响较小,东湖区能够对全湖水质变化起到指示作用。调水方案应基于湖泊实际水量与水质状态综合考虑调水流量与水质制定。

1955-2021年期间长江中游枝城至螺山河段与三口洪道水沙输移变化规律

长江与洞庭湖之间存在复杂的江湖水沙交换关系,水沙变化引起江湖冲淤变化,从而对长江中游区域防洪、水资源利用、航运及水生态环境等产生较大影响。本文利用实测资料较为系统地分析了荆江与洞庭湖水沙输移变化规律,结果表明:1955-2021年期间枝城、沙市、螺山站年径流量变化趋势不明显,监利站年径流量增幅为17.4%,三口分流洪道与七里山站均以减少为主;1955-1989年期间枝城与沙市站年输沙量变化趋势不明显,监利站明显增加,三口分流洪道与七里山站明显减少,1990-2021年期间各站均显著减少,其中三峡工程运用后荆江河段(枝城站)、三口分流洪道、洞庭湖出湖及城螺河段年输沙量分别减少90.1%、90.2%、22.5%及76.6%;受水库下泄径流过程改变的影响,荆江河段、荆江三口分流洪道、洞庭湖出湖与城螺河段年内径流过程均呈不同程度的坦化,枯水期平均流量均显著增加,消落期平均流量稍有增加,汛期出现一定程度的减少,蓄水期稍有减少,下泄径流过程坦化以及2006、2011年特枯水年分别引起荆江三口年均分流量减少41.2亿和32.4亿m~3。随着三峡上游水库群陆续建成运用,荆江河段、三口分流洪道、洞庭湖出湖及城螺河段径流量将进一步坦化,由于干流河床泥沙补给逐渐减少,输沙量将进一步减少,预计长江与洞庭湖水沙输移变化规律将基本保持现有变化格局。

不同营养水平调水对贡湖湾湖区水质及浮游藻类影响的模拟研究

为探究“引江济太”工程调水给受水湖区水体带来的生态效应,采用水生微宇宙模型进行为期11 d的室内模拟实验,以太湖贡湖湾湖区为受水水体,引入3组设定好的不同营养盐水平(贫营养水平O、中营养水平M、富营养水平E)的望虞河河水,研究在不同营养盐水平调水影响下,受水水体水生态环境的动态响应过程。结果表明:整个实验过程中,中营养和贫营养调水组的水体TN、NO_(3)^(-)-N、NH4_(+)-N、TP、SRP、TOC含量下降明显,富营养调水组影响效果较中营养和贫营养调水组差;调水提高了受水水体生态系统的多样性和均匀度水平,硅藻等非蓝藻细胞密度增加,蓝藻细胞生长受到竞争胁迫,中营养和贫营养调水的影响作用效果好于富营养水平。RDA分析结果表明,受水水体的pH、DO、SiO_(3)^(2-)-Si、TDS、NO_(3)^(-)-N、SRP是本实验水体影响藻类群落结构的主要环境驱动因子。

江苏省江水北调工程水量调度

江水北调工程以向江苏境内工农业及城乡生活供水为主,同时保障改善洪泽湖、骆马湖生态,但工程运行现状存在运行成本高、湖泊弃水量大等不足。为此,采用模拟和优化技术相结合的方式,以供水缺额最小、湖泊水位超限制最小和泵站运行成本最低为优先级设定目标函数,构建江水北调工程年水量调度概化模型,开展不同水平年、不同补湖水位以及高水低用3种调度情景分析。结果表明:骆马湖调蓄库容小,调水运行期使得水位波动频繁,中运河泵站会同频开启补湖,且容易达到输水能力上限;适当降低洪泽湖补湖水位,可充分利用湖泊富余水量,使调水成本降低;完全禁止骆马湖高水低用会加重洪泽湖以下梯级线路供水任务的运行负担,同时增加骆马湖的弃水量,适当允许高水低用可使成本减小,减少泵站抽水任务。建立的模型以及相关研究成果可为江水北调工程调度运行提供一定参考。

长江经济带地质资源环境综合信息管理与服务系统的开发与应用

为了支撑服务长江经济带发展国家战略,中国地质调查局部署实施了“长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程”,并开发了相应的综合信息管理与服务系统。该信息系统具有低耦合和高扩展的特性,能够从数据汇聚、数据管理、数据应用、二三维一体化和信息共享等多个方面提高系统的灵活性和可配置性。系统采用辅助工具+主系统的架构,同时运用数据湖、二三维一体化等新技术,通过封装接口和统一化处理方式对多种数据源进行统一管理和处理,降低了数据之间的依赖关系,从而使系统更加灵活可变,能够更好地应对多变的业务需求,提高数据处理性能和应用效率,进而为决策者提供全面的地质环境信息和决策依据。该系统的建立和完善将为长江经济带的国土空间规划、新型城镇化战略、重大工程规划建设、地质灾害防治和生态文明建设等工作提供重要支撑。

长江中游牛轭湖湿地含水层沉积物中铁和有机质组成对砷赋存形态的影响

以长江中游天鹅洲故道牛轭湖湿地为研究对象,研究了长江中游牛轭湖湿地内外侧C3、C5两个典型钻孔沉积物中砷、铁赋存形态和有机质组成差异,并结合内外侧沉积环境的差异,查明了牛轭湖湿地内外侧不同沉积环境中铁-有机质耦合作用对含水层沉积物中砷赋存形态的影响。结果表明:牛轭湖湿地外侧C3钻孔0~<10m浅层沉积物中含有更多的吸附在无定形铁氧化物和腐殖质类有机质上的强吸附态砷,牛轭湖湿地内侧C5钻孔沉积物中含有更多与硅酸盐铁结合的低活性砷;牛轭湖湿地外侧浅层沉积物中富含黏土矿物以及粒径偏细、风化程度较高的湖相沉积环境使得铁-有机质-砷共同富集,牛轭湖湿地内侧沉积物粒径偏粗、风化程度偏低的河流相沉积环境不利于活性砷和黏土矿物、有机质的赋存。

一体化协同治理背景下长三角跨界河湖治理法治保障

长三角河网密布,是长江流域的重要组成部分。为实现长三角跨界河湖的统筹保护和协同治理,在一体化协同治理背景下,主要围绕协同立法、联合执法、协同司法对长三角跨界河湖治理现状予以检视。其在实践中已取得了一定的协同成效,但仍存在协同立法缺乏跨区域整体性、联合执法权责不明晰、司法协同不足等问题。通过推动长三角跨界河湖治理向协同立法模式转变,理顺跨界河湖联合执法的权责关系,强化流域司法合力,以形成立法、执法、司法一体化的治理格局,筑牢跨界河湖治理的生态基底,实现跨界河湖生态绿色共保和利益共享。

长江中游通江湖泊对干流顶托作用变化规律

长江中游通江湖泊(洞庭湖和鄱阳湖)对干流的顶托作用直接关系到区域防洪安全。通过构造支流顶托强度指标并结合Copula函数,分析三峡水库蓄水前后两湖出流对长江干流顶托强度的变化和异同,讨论干支流流量分布和地形变化对两湖顶托强度变化的贡献。研究结果表明:①三峡水库蓄水后,对干流顶托强度变化方面,汛期洞庭湖变化不大、鄱阳湖明显减弱;枯水期洞庭湖略有增强、鄱阳湖变化不大。②干支流流量分布导致的汇流比变化和江湖交汇区地形调整综合影响导致了两湖蓄水后顶托强度变化的差异;三峡水库蓄水后,干支流流量分布变化使洞庭湖、鄱阳湖对干流平均顶托强度分别减弱5.11%和13.45%;干流河床冲刷加剧导致的交汇区干支流河床高程差增大使洞庭湖、鄱阳湖对干流平均顶托强度分别增强6%和0.9%。

鄱阳湖长江江豚同步监测及种群动态分析

为助力鄱阳湖长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)保护方案制定,及时准确掌握其种群动态,2019年11月至2021年11月开展了4次同步监测,采用Distance 7.4软件估算了其种群数量和密度。结果表明,总有效航程为1846 km,在429个位点累计观测到长江江豚1001头(次),母子豚130对(次)。2019年11月在123个位点观测到225头个体;2021年11月在139个位点观测378头个体;2年间鄱阳湖长江江豚观测个体数量增长了68.0%,观测位点数量增长了13.0%,估算种群密度增长49.2%。在集群规模方面,以1~2头个体组成的群体频次最高,占60.4%~90.2%,年际间差别较大,占比逐年下降;5头及以上群体占比4.9%~12.2%,占比逐年上升,均与水位关系不明显。长江江豚平均遇见率为0.418~0.804头/km,不同水位差别较大,低水位遇见率高;2021年11月长江江豚以及母子豚的遇见率和幼豚占比均最高,说明江豚种群数量、幼体和可育雌性群体在种群中占比均呈现稳中有增趋势,表明鄱阳湖长江江豚种群可能已经实现了正增长。