The Belt and Road Initiatives and China＇s Middle East Energy Policy

The paper analyses the roots of the Belt and Road Initiative as well as China＇s Middle East Energy Policy in an age of great transformation. China＇s rapidly progressed economic growth leading to a dramatic increase in China＇s energy demand in recent years. The Middle East countries play a critical role in the international energy markets. Stable relations with the Middle East countries become increasingly important for Chinese energy security, and the continued development. The protection of these relations lies at the core of the Belt and Road Initiative. Within The Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese Middle East energy policy proceeds according to the energy cooperation framework known as ＂1＋2＋3＂, which seeks to build a reliable China-Arab strategic cooperative relationship based on long-term friendship. To avoid over dependence on the energy resources of the Middle East, China will also continue to search for other overseas energy sources and protect transportation channels. Despite risks and challenges associated with energy imports from the Middle East, China has cultivated strong relations with states in the region and will develop these economic ties further in the coming years.

Effects of Warm Needling at Zusanli(ST 36)on NO and IL-2 Levels in the Middle-Aged and Old People

42 middle-aged and old people at the age between 55-70 years were selected and given the warm needling at Zusanli (ST 36), and their IL-2 and NO contents of peripheral blood before and after acupuncture were determined. The results showed that IL-2 and NO contents increased significantly after the warm needling (P<0.01).

On the Implication of the“Middle Ground”To the Strategic Competition between China and the United States

The“middle ground”refers to the regions,countries or international organizations swinging between major countries.The Biden administration is trying to isolate China by forming international cliques through international order and rules,military alliance,and value-oriented diplomacy among others to shape a situation favorable to its strategic competition with China.Faced with an aggressive strategic competition initiated by the US,China should attach great importance to doing a better work on winning over the“middle ground”.

新时代中国参与中东安全治理的理念与实践

进入新时代以来,中国始终坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观,倡导构建中东安全新架构。在参与中东传统安全治理、化解地区冲突方面,中国始终推动对话协商,致力于公正合理解决中东热点问题,构筑兼顾各方合理关切的集体安全架构。在改善地区安全环境方面,中国抓住中东地区主要安全矛盾,顺应地区国家寻求缓和与发展的时代潮流,取得了促成沙特与伊朗复交的重大成果。在参与非传统安全治理方面,中国与中东国家共同提高应对非传统安全威胁的能力,共同维护发展中国家的权益。在参与中东安全治理的过程中,中国形成了以共同安全破解独享安全、以综合安全破解分割安全、以合作安全破解竞争安全等理念和经验,在中东安全事务中发挥了重要的建设性作用。

《魏书》及其相关文献中的喻四纽与定纽

《魏书》中有几条避讳材料,涉及到喻四与定纽的关系,自古以来意见不一,而同期文献里,也出现了不少。通过相关材料的排比分析,并结合北方阿尔泰语系语言中辅音d-与j-的演变规律,可以看出中古时期汉文文献中喻四与定纽的混读是受到阿尔泰语系语言影响所致。正因为阿尔泰语系在中古时期正经历d->j-这一变化,使得边疆地区常与鲜卑、突厥/回鹘、蒙古语言接触的汉语方言里仍然保留喻四与定纽读音交错的现象,虽然在同期汉语通语里这一变化已经完成。

“一带一路”倡议在中东遭遇的美国冷战思维挑战及应对

“一带一路”倡议是中国基于自身文化底蕴为国际社会提供的优质公共产品,却遭遇美西方的袭扰与阻遏。特别是在安全与发展问题层出不穷的中东地区,共建“一带一路”面临的美国冷战思维挑战尤为严峻。以冷战遗留视角进行审视,美国主要通过两条路径对“一带一路”在中东的建设进行阻遏和破坏。第一条路径较为直接,其策略包括:抛出替代“一带一路”的中东方案、借助话语传播优势污名化“一带一路”、挑唆域内矛盾以破坏“一带一路”建设环境、逐步构建中东“小多边”机制阻滞“一带一路”以及想方设法遏制“数字丝绸之路”等。第二条路径较为隐蔽,由于美国外交奉行冷战思维,中东地区一系列的冷战遗留问题始终无法消弭且不时被激化,这同样对“一带一路”的高质量发展构成威胁。作为“一带一路”的倡议发起国,中国应以习近平外交思想为指引,超越冷战思维,保持战略定力积极应对。

China-Turkey Security Cooperation Under the Background of the ‘Belt and Road’ and the ‘Middle Corridor’ Initiatives

This article focuses on the security cooperation between China and Turkey and the impact of the‘Belt and Road’and the‘Middle Corridor’Initiatives on bilateral cooperation.The‘Belt and Road’Initiative and Turkey’s‘Middle Corridor’Initiative have promoted economic cooperation and enhanced communication and mutual understanding between the two countries.We examine this cooperation from a security perspective;with deep analysis on security cooperation between China and Turkey published by the governments,academia and social media,the impact of the‘Belt and Road’and‘Middle Corridor’Initiatives on the growing bilateral relationship has been clearly highlighted.Additionally,this article focuses on the challenges of bilateral security and counterterrorism cooperation,and the positive impact of security cooperation on Sino-Turkish relations in the wake of the‘Belt and Road’and the‘Middle Corridor’initiatives.This article shows that economic cooperation has a significant impact on security cooperation and the‘Belt and Road’and the‘Middle Corridor’Initiatives may build closer ties between the two countries.

Research on the Planning and Development of Industrial Cities in the Middle East Arab Countries Under the Belt and Road Initiative

Industrial city is an important concept in urban planning.This paper discusses the connotation,origination,quantity,scale,type,distribution,achievements,and planning characteristics of industrial cities in the Middle East Arab countries through literature,statistical,and comparative analyses.It identifies the problems and challenges industrial cities in the Middle East Arab countries are facing and proposes relevant countermeasures for their transformation under the new situation of the Belt and Road Initiative.At present,the research shows that there are about 100 industrial cities planned and constructed in Saudi Arabia,Syria,Qatar,and other Middle East Arab countries.Composed of free trade zones,industrial parks,and handicraft zones,a multi-levelled carrier system is formed for regional industrialization,helping to optimize the urban and economic geography pattern and to promote the integration of industrialization and urbanization of the region.They become a systematic upgrade and comprehensive transcendence of free trade zones and industrial zones,forming a comprehensive platform for the Middle East Arab countries to promote resource development and integration,industry upgrading and transformation,and industry-city integration and symbiosis.The paper proposes that China and the Middle East Arab countries should learn from each other regarding the planning and development of industrial cities and manage to achieve the coordinated development between China’s Overseas International Cooperation Parks and the Middle East Arab countries’industrial cities.

46 CASES OF INSOMNIA TREATED BY SEMICONDUCTOR LASER IRRADIATION ON AURICULAR POINTS

Insomnia is a commonly encounteredsymptom in clinical practice. The author hastreated it by using semiconductor laserirradiation on auricular points with satisfactorytherapeutic results. A report is presented asfollows.General DataIn this series, there were 46 cases

Experience in Differentiation and Treatment of Stubborn Insomnia

Stubborn insomnia is characterized by: a) a long course of illness, lasting over 3 months; b) ineffectiveness of the routine treatment; c) the patient can sleep no more than 2 hours at night; d) the patient has a low spirit, palpitation, poor memory, viscera function disorder, all seriously affecting the patient's life and work. The following is an account of the author's clinical experience in treating stubborn insomnia.

The Turbulent Middle East: Analysing Security Issues facing China’s Belt and Road Initiative towards the Region

Since the announcement of the‘Belt and Road Initiative’(BRI)in 2013,China has yet to unveil the greatest challenge facing the implementation of this initiative.The Middle East offers both strategic as well as resource opportunities for China but the region remains fluid and unstable security wise.Shaky regional alliances,a dissatisfied labour force,pressures from non-state actors,gender discrimination and human rights abuses and sustained external intervention are just some of the security issues facing the Middle East.How would China navigate itself in such a volatile region without jeopardizing its interests and without breaking the principles of non-intervention and sovereignty?More importantly,what type of power does China want to project vis-a-vis the region?This paper argues that the Middle East region,among all the world’s regions,is the most critical for the success of the BRI.China’s ability to maximize gains amidst regional security challenges will determine the future of its global political and economic influences.The region is a test for China’s diplomacy and credibility,which are crucial for its status as a future global power.

西藏冈底斯带东段尼木地区中二叠世和晚三叠世基性岩浆作用及其对新特提斯洋初始俯冲的约束

野外地质调查和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究发现,藏南冈底斯带尼木地区出露有规模较大、原岩形成于中二叠世(~266Ma)和晚三叠世(220~219Ma)的变质基性岩,而晚三叠世变质基性岩中还存在~2.5Ga的捕获锆石。全岩地球化学分析显示,两期基性岩具有相似的地球化学特征,即:(1)相对富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素;(2)比较一致的Sr和Nd同位素比值(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(t)=0.703225~0.703664,εNd(t)=6.51~6.81)。结合拉萨地块东南缘已发表的三叠纪中-基性岩地球化学数据,发现尼木中二叠世和晚三叠世基性岩皆形成于陆缘弧环境,岩浆来源于尖晶石橄榄岩地幔2.5%~4%的部分熔融,并经历了一定程度的地壳混染。对比拉萨地块西南缘与东南缘二叠纪-三叠纪俯冲相关的岩浆记录,推断新特提斯洋向拉萨地块下的初始俯冲作用具有穿时性,东段俯冲作用在~266Ma已经开启,西段则发生在255~214Ma之间。

全球安全倡议视域下的中国调解沙特伊朗关系观察

中国长期关注中东的安全与和平问题,并且正在实现从倡议到实践的转变。全球安全倡议所体现出来的中国对世界安全与和平的关切,与中东的安全与和平诉求高度契合;《全球安全倡议概念文件》所阐述的具体安全与和平路径,与沙特伊朗的和解愿望非常吻合;中国调解沙特伊朗关系的成功,是多方共同努力的结果。相关冲突方是否有解决其冲突的强烈愿望、是否希望中国的调解,以及国际社会特别是世界大国对冲突的态度,是决定今后中国能否继续扮演国际安全调解者角色的关键因素。

岱语土俗文本中的浊声母对应

学术界早已知晓,越南北部高平省岱语方言保留有原始台语浊声母的发音,但有趣的是,这些浊声母在当地流行的岱语传统抄本也有反映。这个现象尚未进入国际学术界的视野。当地抄本是用方块土俗字书写的,千百年来,岱人一直使用这种类依附于汉字的书写系统来记录岱语。文章从重庆县(Trùng Khánh)传统文本中寻找证据材料,发现原始台语*b-和双唇浊复辅音在这类浊声母中尤其明显,同时还发现龈浊阻塞音(*d-等)、软腭浊声母(*g-等)、浊擦音声母和其他浊声母均有表现。这些声母的书写方式大多由早期中古汉语带有浊声母的汉字(或说土俗字声符)表现出来。这为岱语土俗字形成的年代考提供了重要的启示。

China’s New Silk Road Strategy and the Turkish Middle Corridor Vision

Turkey is one of the main regional powers in the Middle East,a member of OECD and NATO,a quasi-member of the European Union(EU),and an Islamic Turkic-speaking country with a close relationship with Central Asia.The article’s main argument is that China’s strategic partnership framework with Turkey is based on shared or mutual complementary economic and commercial interests,especially the integration of Turkey’s Middle Corridor vision into the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).However,the synergy between the two grand schemes largely depends on the quality of the bilateral relationship and the development of the Sino-Turkish relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership.As one of the leading powers in the Middle East,Ankara also has a vital part to play in China’s BRI which aims to build links between East Asia,Central Asia,West Asia,Africa,and Europe both overland and by sea.

Opportunities and Challenges of China-Middle East Countries’Production Capacity Cooperation

The Middle East is a region where China has more advantages in production capacity cooperation.China started early and has a good reputation in the area of engineering contracting,which has laid good foundations.At present,the Middle East countries are in an important stage of economic transformation.In order to accelerate industrialization,they have developed long-term economic development plan,which provides an important historical opportunity for Chinese enterprises to establish business there.The production capacity cooperation between China and the Middle East countries will utilize the complementary advantages and adhere to mutually beneficial and win-win spirit,and thus has been welcomed by the Middle East countries.At present,the two sides are carrying out fruitful cooperation in infrastructure,high technology and labor-intensive industries,and have achieved significant results.The production capacity cooperation between China and the Middle East countries are facing both opportunities and challenges.We should make good use of opportunities,prevent and resolve risks,and effectively do a good job in production capacity cooperation between China and the Middle East countries.

The Strategic Docking between China and Middle East Countries under the“Belt and Road”Framework

The Middle East is the region bringing together the land and maritime Silk Road,coupled with its unique geographical location and diverse and complex humanitarian,religious and ethnic factors,notably with an increasingly significant role of the energy sector.As an energy-rich zone,it plays a decisive role in the position of international political and economic arena.In the process of building the“Belt and Road”,Chinese government should pay close attention to the role of the Middle East region.This region will also play its rightful role in security coordination,economic cooperation,and cultural exchanges under the“Belt and Road”framework,thus,achieving the strategic docking and win-win cooperation between China and Middle Eastern countries.

The Middle East in China-Japan Relations: Shared Interests, Competition, and Rivalry Spillover

Since the early twenty-first century,interaction between East Asia and the Middle East has grown considerably.An expected,though understudied,consequence of this development is a gradual spillover of the intra-East Asian political process to the Middle East.Attempting to enhance the understanding of this understudied aspect of East-West Asia relations,as well as new aspects of the China-Japan dynamic,this article explores the competition and possible expansion of the Sino-Japanese rivalry into the Middle East.To examine more concretely we focus on two areas of activities that exceed China’s and Japan’s traditional interests in the Middle East:the utilisation of Middle East events by Japan to loosen its half-century restrictions on the use of military force,and China’s respective response;and Japan’s reaction to China’s Belt and Road Initiative.

The Role of the EU and China in the Security Architecture of the Middle East

For decades,contradicting foreign policy principles,including state sovereignty,territorial integrity,and non-interference have hindered cooperation between the EU and China beyond the economic realm.However,since the establishment of the EU-China 2020 Strategic Agenda for Cooperation(2013)we observe a shift towards cooperation.For instance,China and the EU have expressed the desire to collaborate on security issues in the Middle East.The paper argues that although EU and China follow different trajectories in the Middle East,they play complementary roles for the region’s security.It takes a role-theoretic perspective to assess the changing security roles of the EU and China in the Middle East,ascribed to them by external and internal expectations and shows in two exemplary cases the complementarity of the EU’s and China’s roles in the region.The analysis draws on policy documents,expert interviews and secondary literature.The paper concludes with a discussion of the findings against the backdrop of growing tensions between the EU and China.