Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in Pinus tabulaeformis forest ecosystems in warm temperate Shanxi Province,north China

Although carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorous(P) stoichiometric ratios are considered good indicators of nutrient excess/limitation and thus of ecosystem health, few reports have discussed the trends and the reciprocal effects of C:N:P stoichiometry in plant–litter–soil systems. The present study analyzed C:N:P ratios in four age groups of Chinese pine, Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., forests in Shanxi Province, China: plantation young forests(AY,<20 year-old); plantation middle-aged forests(AM, 21–30 year-old); natural young forests(NY,<30 year-old); and natural middle-aged forests(NM,31–50 year-old). The average C:N:P ratios calculated for tree, shrub, and herbaceous leaves, litter, and soil(0–100 cm) were generally higher in NY followed by NM,AM, and AY. C:N and C:P ratios were higher in litter than in leaves and soils, and reached higher values in the litter and leaves of young forests than in middle-aged forests;however, C:N and C:P ratios were higher in soils of middle-aged forests than in young forests. N:P ratios were higher in leaves than in litter and soils regardless of stand age; the consistent N:P<14 values found in all forests indicated N limitations. With plant leaves, C:P ratios were highest in trees, followed by herbs and shrubs, indicating a higher efficiency in tree leaf formation. C:N ratios decreased with increasing soil depth, whereas there was no trend for C:P and N:P ratios. C:N:P stoichiometry of forest foliage did not exhibit a consistent variation according to stand age. Research on the relationships between N:P, and P, N nutrient limits and the characteristics of vegetation nutrient adaptation need to be continued.

黑色页岩有机质富集程度与古气候的关系:以中上扬子五峰—龙马溪组页岩为例

黑色页岩有机质富集程度与古气候的关系相关研究相对较少,且基本一致地认为,古气候越温暖潮湿,初级生产力高,越有利于有机质的富集。然而,这一认识和现代环境科学中的固碳规律是矛盾的。因此,有必要充分结合现代环境科学、生态学,将今论古,分析有机碳埋藏的特征,深入探讨气候对固碳作用的影响。研究方法是对现代土壤、湿地及海洋中的固碳情况,从全球尺度和局部尺度上进行分析,以把握固碳效率与气候的关系。得出的结论是,固碳效率高的地区主要为寒温带,对应的是初级生产力较低的地区;而中低纬度温带、热带初级生产力高的地区,则表现出较低的固碳效率;气温对黑色页岩有机质富集程度的控制远大于氧化还原条件;中上扬子地区五峰—龙马溪组黑色页岩发育于地球第三次大冰期,对应冷湿气候带,为海退背景下的低盐度潟湖环境,对应为低初级生产力;古气候变化所引发的寒温带的纬向滑移控制了页岩油气与煤的分布。

北京松山林地nirK型反硝化微生物群落立地及林型效应

[目的]探究北京松山林地土壤nirK型反硝化微生物群落特征及影响因子,为华北暖温带森林土壤生态系统氮循环过程和环境变化提供依据。[方法]在北京松山国家级自然保护区选择油松林、山杨林、蒙古栎林3种典型林型,分别设置3块(20 m×20 m)标准地进行调查,采集0~20 cm表层混合土样,分析土壤性质并提取土壤微生物总DNA,PCR扩增反硝化过程关键酶亚硝酸盐还原酶的编码基因nirK片段,采用第2代高通量测序分析不同林型土壤nirK型反硝化微生物群落组成和多样性,探究林型和土壤性质对反硝化微生物群落特性的影响。[结果]1)从油松林、山杨林和蒙古栎林9个土壤样本中共得到nirK基因有效序列993 401条、优质序列770 328条。3种林型土壤nirK基因共检测出7门78属,在已鉴定的微生物中各林型优势菌为变形菌门,其相对丰度在3种林型中均达50%,在油松林中最高为58.2%;优势属主要为慢生根瘤菌属、中生根瘤菌属和红假单胞菌属,总相对丰度达50%以上,其中核心菌属为慢生根瘤菌属。2) nirK型反硝化微生物α多样性分析显示,油松林Shannon(7.59±0.56)、 Simpson(0.98±0.01)、 Chao1(2 164.24±214.08)指数均显著高于山杨林(5.23±0.26、 0.89±0.02、1 650.56±136.69)和蒙古栎林(5.76±0.38、 0.93±0.02、 1 621.36±156.70)(P<0.05)。基于Bray-Curtis距离算法并采用PCoA分析显示,不同林型土壤反硝化微生物群落组间差异大于组内。3)林分因子、土壤性质与土壤反硝化微生物的冗余分析结果表明,土壤碱解氮、硝态氮和有机质等土壤性质是影响nirK型反硝化微生物群落组成的关键因子(P<0.05)。[结论]北京松山油松林、山杨林和蒙古栎林土壤nirK型反硝化微生物群落组成、多样性存在明显差异,林型与碱解氮、硝态氮和有机质等土壤性质是影响土壤nirK型反硝化微生物群落特征的重要因素。

暖温带城市森林绿地与土壤微生物多样性研究

文章选取暖温带城市附属森林绿地、公园森林绿地、居住森林绿地、街旁森林绿地以及未绿化土地五种城市森林绿地为研究对象,随机采集100个土壤样本,测定土壤pH和DNA数量,比较不同森林绿地土壤的理化性能和微生物多样性,得出结论,绿化土地的理化性能优于未绿化土地,并且微生物多样性指数高于未绿化土地。旨在揭示暖温带城市森林绿地绿化程度对土壤微生物多样性具有直接影响,提议在现实中应当有效管理森林绿地,为土壤微生物提供良好的生长条件,促进暖温带城市土壤生态系统的健康发展。

直连绳索取心钻杆分区热处理技术研究

为了提高绳索取心钻杆的性能,对直连绳索取心钻杆的受力情况、结构特点以及传统处理工艺进行分析,提出了分区热处理的工艺。通过对两端进行热加工处理,使钻杆中间管体区域和两端热处理螺纹区域性能出现差异,提高两端综合强度的同时改善螺纹部分的受力状态,可使钻杆柱既具有高强度又兼具柔性,大幅提高钻杆机械性能以及耐磨性。其中调质硬度HRC33~38能在保证管体延伸率与正火、回火基本一致的情况下,强度提高37.7%,硬度提高40%,抗冲击性提高46.7%。调质硬度HRC38~42时,材料的耐磨性提高9.1%。更适合全液压钻机施工及深孔钻进,为钻探施工提供了钻机、钻杆配套性的优选方案。

Discussion on position of China’s north-south transitional zone by comparative analysis of mountain altitudinal belts

The Qinling Mountains has always been regarded as an essential dividing line between the warm temperate zone and the subtropical zone in eastern China and plays a vital role in the geoecological pattern of China.However,there is controversy about the specific location of this geographical boundary in the academic community.As a product of the combined effects of zonal and non-zonal factors,the mountain altitudinal belts(MABs)can reflect both the horizontal zonality and the vertical zonality of vegetation distribution.Using the MAB information,we can not only profoundly understand the complex mountain system of QinlingDaba Mountains but can also judge its nature as a geographical boundary more scientifically.Therefore,based on the comparative analysis of basal belt,dominant belt characteristics and belt structure characteristics of the MABs in Qinling-Daba Mountains,subtropical and temperate mountains,this paper analyzed the MAB differences and similarities among Qinling-Daba Mountains,subtropical and temperate typical mountains,to reveal the vegetation distribution characteristics in the north-south transitional zone.The results show that:(1)The MABs of the southern part of QinlingDaba Mountains(southern slope of the Daba Mountains)are the same or similar to those of the Subtropical Mountains,and the MABs of the northern part of Qinling-Daba Mountains(northern slope of the Qinling Mountains)are similar to those of the temperate mountains.While it shows obvious transitional characteristics in the vast area between the northern slope of the Daba Mountains and the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains:the basal belts gradually transit from the evergreen broadleaved forest belt(basal belt in subtropical mountains)to the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest belt,and the dominant belts also transit from the evergreen broad-leaved forest belt to the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest belt or the deciduous broad-leaved forest belt.(2)The transitional zone between the subtropical zone and the warm temperate zone is located between the northern slope of the Daba Mountains and the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains.The southern boundary of the transitional zone is along the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain-the northern slope of Micang Mountain-Baishuijiang Nature Reserve,and the northern boundary is along the southern slope of Funiu Mountain-the southern slope of Taibai Mountain-Lianhua Mountain.Additionally,in the transitional zone,the average temperature in January is between-5°C and 1°C,the annual average temperature is between 10°C and 13°C except Hanzhong Basin and Hanshui Valley,and the accumulated temperature above 10°C ranges from 2000°C to 4000°C,the annual rainfall is about 800-1000 mm.The results provide a scientific basis for revealing the characteristics of China’s north-south transitional zone and scientific division of the boundary between the subtropical zone and warm temperate zone in China.

Analysis of microstructure and performance of temper bead welded joints for SA508-3 steel by Quenching and Tempering mode

The HAZ microstructure and performance of Quenching and Tempering mode temper bead welding and general welded joints which were made on SA508-3 steel of 60 mm thickness were compared in this article. The result shows that tempering sorbite which has excellent overall performance was obtained in both modes. The microstructure of Quenching and Tempering mode welded joints got more fine grain. Even though the hardness of tempering bead welded joints is higher than the general one,it still meets the standards which is lower than 350 HV. The impact absorbing energy of each district of tempering bead welded joints HAZ reached 170 J,which is equal to general one.

Microstructural analysis of the softened zone in the welding joint of 100 kg class hot-rolled extra-high-strength steel

Using the Gleeble 3500 thermal-mechanical system to simulate thermal cycles with different peak temperatures, the hardness and microstructure in the heat-affected zones of two kinds of 100 kg class hot-rolled extra-high-strength steel were compared. When the peak temperature of the thermal cycle was 800℃ ,incomplete transformation occurred during quenching in both steels, and massive martensite and bainite grains were formed. The hardness was determined by the composition and distribution of the microstructure. The concentration of massive martensite was low, and hence the hardness was low,in steel #1. Conversely,the massive martensite content in steel #2 was high and uniformly distributed,resulting in a high hardness. These findings can provide a reference for improving the mechanical properties in the softened zone.

Characteristics of Oxides in Argillic Soils of Warm Tem-perate Zone in China

Studies of seven typical soil profiles showed that in the argillic soils derived from loess in the warmtemperate zone of China all the oxides of Fe, Mn, Al and Si were enriched with the accumulation of clayfraction in the profiles. But owing to the influence of oxidation-reduction process the migration velocity ofFe and Mn was faster than that of clay. The free degrees of those metals were in the sequence Mn>Fe>Al,which reflected their different chemical activities in soil. In soils at the same level of development, the freedegree of iron and its activity, the free degree of Al, Alo/Alt× 100, SiO_2/R_2O_3, Sio/Sit× 100, and themagnetic susceptibility were relatively close to each other respectively. It might be considered that both thefres degrees of Fe and Al and Alo/Alt× 100 could serve as the distinctive indexes for argillic soils in warmtemperate zone. The paleoclimate corresponding to the fifth layer of paleosol (s_5) in Lnochuan, Shaanxiwas warmer and more humid than the present, and the paleoecological landscape approximated to today'sbioclimatic belt between the temperate deciduous broadleaved forest and the semiarid forest types.The Mossbouer spectra of the colloidal fraction (<1um) in the clayified horizon of argillic dark loessialsoil, cinnamon soil, brown earth and (s_5) paleosol indicated the superparamagnetic state at room temperature.The magnetic splitting six line spectra were observed clearly at 80 K. The results fitted with a computershowed that hematite and goethite were predominant in iron oxides and commonly existed as fine particles.The proportion of hematite and goethite in soil colloids varied considerably with different climates. Thehigher the temperature, the larger the proportion of hematite.

Laser Beam Welding of 600 MPa Quenched and Tempered High-Strength Steel

Conventional fusion arc welding of high-strength quenched and tempered steel can be improved through the use of non-conventional laser beam welding. This article presents the investigations of autogenous bead on plate and butt CO2 Laser Welding (LW) of 7 mm thick high-strength quenched and tempered low alloy SM570 (JIS) steel plates. The influence of laser welding parameters, mainly welding speed, defocusing distance and shielding gas flow rate on the weld profile, i.e., weld zone penetration depth and width, microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints was determined. All welded joints showed smooth and uniform weld beads free from superficial porosity and undercuts. The selected best welding conditions were a laser power of 5.0 kW, welding speed of 500 mm/min, argon gas shielding flow rate of 30 L/min and a defocusing distance of -0.5 mm. It was observed that these conditions gave complete penetration and minimized the width of the weld bead. The microstructure of the welded joints was evaluated by light optical microscopy. The weld metal (WM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) near weld metal achieved maximum hardness (355 HV). The tensile fractured samples showed the ductile mode of failure and ultimate tensile strength of 580 MPa.

兴安落叶松林不同林型中小型土壤动物群落的分异研究

土壤动物参与了物质循环及能量流动,这对生态系统具有重要的作用。分析了兴安落叶松林不同林型中小型土壤动物群落特征、土壤动物群落分布规律及影响群落分异的土壤环境因子。对杜鹃兴安落叶松林、草地兴安落叶松林、杜香兴安落叶松林及苔藓兴安落叶松林这4个典型林型进行分析,发现中小型土壤动物59类共计59138只。结果表明,优势类群为甲螨亚目(Oribatida)、弹尾目(Collembola),常见类群为中气门亚目(Mesostigmata)。个体数在草地林型中最多,类群数在杜鹃林型中最多。群落Shannon指数及Pielou指数在苔藓兴安落叶松林最高,Simpson优势度指数与Margalef丰富度指数在杜香安落叶松林最高。苔藓兴安落叶松林中小型土壤动物群落组成与另外3个林型差异性较大。全氮、全磷及土壤有机碳是影响不同林型土壤动物群落组成最主要的因子且土壤环境因子对甲螨亚目、弹尾目及蠓科幼虫(Ceratopogouidae larvae)影响较大。

寒温带落叶松幼苗针叶性状特征对雪被变化的适应

植物通过其功能性状来反映对生长环境的响应和适应,植物功能性状也是植物与环境之间相互作用的结果。植物生活史的对策,物种的共存和生物多样性的维持都要由植物功能性状之间的关系决定。为探究雪被特征对落叶松幼苗早期生长特征和功能性状的影响,以寒温带原始林中典型落叶树种落叶松幼苗为试验对象,研究正常雪被深度:(10~15 cm)、两倍雪被深度(20~30 cm)和去除雪被(0 cm)对不同幼苗早期(2~3年生)生长特征和功能性状的影响。结果表明,雪被增加可以增大寒温带落叶松幼苗的叶面积、比叶面积和生物量。本项目实验结果也验证了生态学中生境过滤是驱动寒温带落叶松林群落构建的关键因子,对揭示雪被影响落叶松幼苗更新机制具有重要意义。

暖温带山地天然次生林演替序列根系呼吸速率对林地增温的响应

【目的】通过增温对比试验观测天然次生林演替序列森林内不同层次植物根系呼吸速率生长季的变化,揭示森林演替和模拟增温及其交互作用对根系呼吸速率的影响,为森林更新过程中土壤碳循环对气候变暖响应机制的研究提供数据支持。【方法】以关帝山4种天然次生林(杨桦林、油松林、华北落叶松林和白杄林)为对象,采用野外定点对比试验,以林下地面搭建温室模拟林地增温和用去根试验结合差减法区分根系呼吸组分。于2016—2019年利用Li-6400便携式分析仪观测根系呼吸速率。【结果】增温提高了4种林型细根生物量和根系总呼吸(土壤自养呼吸)的生长季碳通量;增温显著提高了灌木层和草本层根系呼吸速率,提高幅度分别为8.37%~15.26%和10.88%~14.00%,降低了根系呼吸速率的温度敏感性(Q_(10))。但增温没有改变根系呼吸的生长季单极值变化特征。各林分细根生物量和根系呼吸速率均随演替进程而降低,而根系呼吸速率Q_(10)的值则升高。【结论】灌木和草本层根系呼吸速率对增温和演替及其交互作用的响应程度显著,而乔木层根系呼吸速率对增温和增温与演替的交互作用响应程度不显著。随林地温度升高,森林根系呼吸速率升高而温度敏感性却降低,说明森林根系呼吸速率对温度升高的响应较为复杂。

大兴安岭北部2种不同生活型针叶树种叶片生态化学计量特征研究

【目的】研究寒温带落叶树种和常绿树种针叶生态化学计量特征的差异及随龄级增加的变化规律,揭示不同生活型针叶树种生态化学计量特征与生长阶段之间的关系,为寒温带植物生长与养分供给的研究提供依据。【方法】以大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松和樟子松为对象,研究5-9月针叶C、N、P含量及化学计量特征,利用内稳性指数和Pearson相关系数分析C、N、P之间及与环境因子的相关性。【结果】(1)不同生长阶段兴安落叶松和樟子松针叶N、P月平均含量表现为随龄级的增长而降低,C含量则是随龄级的增加而增加,且5-8月兴安落叶松针叶N、P含量高于樟子松,C含量则低于樟子松。(2)兴安落叶松针叶C∶N、C∶P和N∶P月平均值均高于樟子松,4个龄级兴安落叶松针叶N∶P均小于14,而樟子松在5-7月N∶P小于14,8-9月N∶P大于16。兴安落叶松针叶N、P以及N∶P稳定性大于樟子松。(3)土壤含水率与2树种针叶生态化学计量特征呈极显著相关,樟子松针叶N含量与C、N、P化学计量比呈显著相关,兴安落叶松针叶C含量与N∶P、土壤铵态氮和硝态氮显著相关。【结论】大兴安岭北部不同生活型的2种针叶树种,叶片生态化学计量对寒冷气候和冻土生境的适应策略不同,兴安落叶松是本区的顶级群落优势种,但其生长受到N的限制,而樟子松生长的限制因子因季节变化而不同。

寒温带多年冻土区白桦树干液流及对降雨的响应

【目的】为研究寒温带白桦树干液流对降水的响应,对不同降雨等级下的树干液流特征进行分析探究,为大兴安岭地区白桦用水策略以及管理提供依据和参考。【方法】2021年5—9月运用热扩散式探针法对寒温带白桦树干液流进行监测并同步观测气象因子和降水量。【结果】白桦树干液流在无雨天气下呈单峰形平滑曲线,峰值较高,优势木的峰值高达17.30 g·cm^(-2)·h^(-1),为中等木和被压木的1.18和2.48倍,而降雨天气下液流呈单峰或双峰形波动曲线,变化幅度相对比较平缓。相较于无雨日,3个降雨等级下的优势木日均液流均出现显著下降(P<0.05),在小雨、中雨以及大雨等级下,优势木日均液流量减少了43.02%、71.36%和56.27%,中等木液流分别减少了38.04%、48.79%和41.97%,被压木减少值依次为39.74%、59.42%和58.54%。此外,降雨前后的液流总体表现为叶盛期>展叶期>落叶期,在展叶期,降雨后的液流明显高于降雨前(P<0.05),优势木、中等木和被压木雨后液流在叶盛期变化不显著(P>0.05),落叶期优势木和中等木的雨后液流呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。相关性分析和逐步回归分析结果表明,在无雨日和降雨日,白桦树干液流均与空气温度、太阳有效辐射以及蒸气压亏缺呈正相关关系,与相对湿度呈负相关关系。小雨等级下,白桦液流变化主要取决于空气温度和蒸气压亏缺;中雨等级下,白桦液流变化主要受空气温度、相对湿度以及蒸气压亏缺的影响;大雨等级下,液流变化主要由太阳有效辐射和空气温度所驱动。【结论】降雨明显改变了不同分化等级白桦液流变化趋势及其对气象因子的响应,影响程度因降雨等级而异。

大兴安岭北部寒温带针叶林表层土壤冻融变化特征

基于2009—2019年地表土壤温度和积雪数据,分析了近10 a来我国大兴安岭北部多年冻土区土壤冻融变化特征,包括冻融循环次数和天数、冻融开始和结束时间、持续时间、变动幅度等。表层土壤春季融化过程期主要发生在4月中下旬至5月中旬,秋季冻结过程期主要发生在9月中下旬至10月中旬,平均每年发生冻融39次或41 d。春季融化过程期相比秋季冻结过程期,平均冻融循环次数或天数相差并不大,研究期间内大于、小于和相近年份均有出现。但冻结期冻融循环变动幅度(主要在2.6~15.0℃)大于融化期(主要在2.6~12.5℃)。春季融化期开始时间与积雪结束时间基本吻合,而积雪开始时间均发生在秋季冻结期结束之后。因此,两个冻融期很少有积雪覆盖,冻融循环主要受气温影响。本研究为深入理解大兴安岭多年冻土对气候变化的响应、制定适宜的气候变化对策提供参考依据。

中温带气候区花岗岩风化剖面元素地球化学特征及其环境意义

岩石风化是地球关键带中重要的地质过程,对环境变化具有重要的指示意义。不同气候区岩石风化过程具有其特殊性,本文选取位于中温带气候区的哈尔滨英杰花岗岩风化剖面为研究对象,通过元素地球化学特征分析,揭示岩石风化程度及元素迁移富集规律,并结合磁化率和色度指标,对其风化环境进行探讨。结果表明,研究区剖面整体化学风化程度较低(CIA值为56~68);Ca、Na、K等活动性较强元素随风化作用的进行表现为明显亏损;高场强元素与轻稀土元素也表现出较强的活动性,揭示了即使在中低等程度的化学风化下稳定元素也容易迁移。Si/Al和Ti/Al比值指示半风化层和腐泥岩层为原位风化产物,而顶部的氧化土层则可能受外来物质的影响。化学风化表现为自下而上逐渐减小的特征,这种异常的风化规律是由后期物理风化对其原有化学风化的叠加改造所致。对风化环境的多指标分析表明,在风化剖面形成后,区域气候逐渐变干,化学风化向物理风化转变,温差风化及冰劈作用形成大量裂隙导致原有的风化剖面被改造,并最终形成了研究区独特的风化模式,这为解释中温带气候区干冷环境下花岗岩风化特征提供了新的思路。

寒温带兴安落叶松和白桦生长季水分利用特征

植物水分利用在生态系统水文循环及其生产力中起着重要作用。气候变化下寒温带森林水分胁迫逐渐加剧,对其典型树种水分利用特征的研究有助于理解寒温带森林生态系统的稳定性及可持续性。以大兴安岭北部典型树种兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)(L)和白桦(Betula platyphylla)(B)为研究对象,利用稳定同位素技术测定降雨、木质部水和土壤水中氢氧稳定同位素值(δD和δ18O),揭示不同水源δD和δ18O值的分布特征,并利用多源线性混合模型及树干边材液流通量,分析不同水源对2树种的利用率和利用量,揭示生长季兴安落叶松和白桦生长季水分利用特征变化。结果表明:(1)研究区的大气降雨和土壤水同位素均受蒸发的影响发生了一定程度的分馏,且土壤水同位素分馏程度存在树种间的差异,兴安落叶松分馏程度大于白桦。(2)降雨和蒸发对2个林分土壤含水率和土壤水稳定同位素值在上层土壤(0—10cm)影响强烈,而对中下层影响较小,且各层土壤水稳定同位素值表现出显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)在5月和9月兴安落叶松和白桦主要利用上层土壤水分,对上层土壤水分的利用率分别为64.7%、61.3%(L);61.5%、66.0%(B),日均利用量分别为2.00kg/d、1.10kg/d(L);6.74kg/d、2.75kg/d(B)。在6—8月兴安落叶松和白桦主要利用下层(20—40cm)土壤水分,对下层土壤水分的利用率分别为44.5%、48.1%、70.3%(L);49.3%、63.6%、74.7%(B),日均利用量分别为2.58kg/d、2.76kg/d、3.89kg/d(L);12.69kg/d、14.77kg/d、14.19kg/d(B)。生长季两树种表现出相似的水分来源,但对各土层土壤水的利用率存在差异,这种差异主要表现在6—8月白桦对下层土壤水的利用率显著大于兴安落叶松。这些发现说明在未来水分胁迫加剧的情况下,兴安落叶松比白桦具有更高的环境适应性。

云南省滇中温暖区青贮玉米全程机械化综合效益评价体系构建与分析

文章旨在解决云南省青贮玉米主产区机械化生产缺少综合效益评价体系的问题,基于Delphi法与AHP法,通过专家咨询、走访调研、数据采集等方式,构建了以保护农业生态环境、提高农业机械化综合效益为目标的青贮玉米全程机械化综合效益评价体系。该体系构建了3个一级指标、7个二级指标和17个三级指标,确定了综合效益指标权重与分值。以该区域典型合作社青贮玉米全程机械化模式进行验证,并针对合作社得分给予诊断性意见。通过分析得到:一级指标的权重比为6∶2∶2,满分值为100分;经济效益二级指标单位面积纯收入、人均年收入的权重比为1∶1;生态效益二级指标资源消耗与保护性耕作权重比为3∶1;社会效益二级指标社会贡献每亩用工量、抗逆减灾、推广度之间的权重比为4∶3∶3;通过计算陆良县召夸农村机械农田作物专业合作社得分为88.2分。该研究对青贮玉米的生产与发展具有一定的指导作用,也为政府及企业提供有益参考。

2017-2018年河南宝天曼天然栎林碳水通量观测数据集

基于微气象学理论的涡度相关通量观测技术,直接测定了亚热带暖温带过渡区天然栎林生态系统尺度的生产力、能量分配和水分利用等功能和过程,为研究森林生态系统碳水循环过程机理提供了重要的数据基础。本研究选取位于河南宝天曼森林生态站的天然栎林作为研究对象,使用涡度相关系统和环境梯度系统进行长期定位观测,并对2017年1月至2018年12月的监测数据进行了整理、质量控制和分析。本数据集包括空气温湿度、土壤温湿度、风速、风向、光合有效辐射、向上/向下的短波辐射、向上/向下的长波辐射、净辐射、显热通量、潜热通量和碳通量等观测指标,形成了半小时、日尺度、月尺度和年尺度的数据产品,以期为研究亚热带-暖温带过渡区典型森林生态系统对气候变化的响应和适应及其机制提供数据基础。