The building sector is one of the largest energy user and carbon emitters globally.To increase the utilization rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions,the optimal technical scheme of active public...The building sector is one of the largest energy user and carbon emitters globally.To increase the utilization rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions,the optimal technical scheme of active public institutions and coupled utilization of renewable energy is studied.In this study,the energy consumption of three types of public institutions in various regions of China was simulated by using DeST building energy consumption software,combined with energy conversion efficiency and data released by the National Bureau of Statistics,and the total energy demand and total energy supply of public institutions were predicted using the load density method.Based on the coupling mechanism of the MARKAL model,the optimal proportion of renewable energy in the energy supply of public buildings in different regions is determined.Through the study of the number of public institutions in various regions of China,energy consumption characteristics,construction area,and other related data,the reverse energy flow method is creatively proposed,and the active and renewable energy coupling algorithm from the energy demand side of public institutions to the energy supply side is established.The results show that the central region has the highest utilization rate of renewable energy in the public sector,reaching 36.18%.The use of renewable energy in public buildings in hot summer and warm winter zones decreased to 35.08%,and it was 12.82% in cold zones.By 2025,the proportion of renewable energy resources in China is expected to reach 29.2%.The energy coupling model and algorithm constructed in this paper can provide a basis for the coupling macro configuration of renewable energy in public institutions in China.展开更多
Assuming that the realized demand is determined by the inventory level,a two-part revenue sharing contract of one supplier and one retailer is analyzed under the circumstance of demand disruption(the disruption cost o...Assuming that the realized demand is determined by the inventory level,a two-part revenue sharing contract of one supplier and one retailer is analyzed under the circumstance of demand disruption(the disruption cost occurs at the supplier).Based on the centralized optimization,the profits of the two members are maximized in sequential optimization though a two-part revenue-sharing contract.The result shows that when the demand disruption occurs,if the degree of disruption is within some range,the ordering and manufacturing plans need not be changed,while only the revenue sharing fraction for the retailer should be diminished;if not,both the plan and the revenue sharing fraction should be changed for the possible coordination of the supply chain.Finally,numerical illustrations of the contract for various scenarios are given.展开更多
On the basis of data obtained from a comprehensive social survey across twenty- eight provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in 2005 （CGSS2005）, we have conducted quantitative empirical research on the dis...On the basis of data obtained from a comprehensive social survey across twenty- eight provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in 2005 （CGSS2005）, we have conducted quantitative empirical research on the distribution of administrative disputes and Chinese citizens’ purposive institutional choices in dealing with such disputes. Our study found that where administrative disputes are concerned, today’s Chinese citizens are by no means apathetic about the law. However, practical constraints mean that some of them resort to other means of dispute resolution than judicial or quasi-judicial procedures. In actuality, a two-track system exists in Chinese citizens’ resolution of administrative disputes; that is, they have the same level of demand for （quasi-） judicial channels and for Party/government channels in the resolution of disputes of this kind. In addition, different social groups show a great variety of preferences in terms of choice of channels for dealing with such disputes. On the basis of empirical research we argue for further reflection on the theory and methodology of this kind of research today and call on theoretical research and institution building to show a genuine understanding of and respect for citizens’ wishes.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Funds(52078308)Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2007003)the Educational Commission of Liaoning Province of China(lnzd202003).
文摘The building sector is one of the largest energy user and carbon emitters globally.To increase the utilization rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions,the optimal technical scheme of active public institutions and coupled utilization of renewable energy is studied.In this study,the energy consumption of three types of public institutions in various regions of China was simulated by using DeST building energy consumption software,combined with energy conversion efficiency and data released by the National Bureau of Statistics,and the total energy demand and total energy supply of public institutions were predicted using the load density method.Based on the coupling mechanism of the MARKAL model,the optimal proportion of renewable energy in the energy supply of public buildings in different regions is determined.Through the study of the number of public institutions in various regions of China,energy consumption characteristics,construction area,and other related data,the reverse energy flow method is creatively proposed,and the active and renewable energy coupling algorithm from the energy demand side of public institutions to the energy supply side is established.The results show that the central region has the highest utilization rate of renewable energy in the public sector,reaching 36.18%.The use of renewable energy in public buildings in hot summer and warm winter zones decreased to 35.08%,and it was 12.82% in cold zones.By 2025,the proportion of renewable energy resources in China is expected to reach 29.2%.The energy coupling model and algorithm constructed in this paper can provide a basis for the coupling macro configuration of renewable energy in public institutions in China.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)
文摘Assuming that the realized demand is determined by the inventory level,a two-part revenue sharing contract of one supplier and one retailer is analyzed under the circumstance of demand disruption(the disruption cost occurs at the supplier).Based on the centralized optimization,the profits of the two members are maximized in sequential optimization though a two-part revenue-sharing contract.The result shows that when the demand disruption occurs,if the degree of disruption is within some range,the ordering and manufacturing plans need not be changed,while only the revenue sharing fraction for the retailer should be diminished;if not,both the plan and the revenue sharing fraction should be changed for the possible coordination of the supply chain.Finally,numerical illustrations of the contract for various scenarios are given.
文摘On the basis of data obtained from a comprehensive social survey across twenty- eight provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in 2005 （CGSS2005）, we have conducted quantitative empirical research on the distribution of administrative disputes and Chinese citizens’ purposive institutional choices in dealing with such disputes. Our study found that where administrative disputes are concerned, today’s Chinese citizens are by no means apathetic about the law. However, practical constraints mean that some of them resort to other means of dispute resolution than judicial or quasi-judicial procedures. In actuality, a two-track system exists in Chinese citizens’ resolution of administrative disputes; that is, they have the same level of demand for （quasi-） judicial channels and for Party/government channels in the resolution of disputes of this kind. In addition, different social groups show a great variety of preferences in terms of choice of channels for dealing with such disputes. On the basis of empirical research we argue for further reflection on the theory and methodology of this kind of research today and call on theoretical research and institution building to show a genuine understanding of and respect for citizens’ wishes.
