Fathers’Parenting Practices and the Children’s Approaches to Learning From Three Through Five Years;A Case of Mityana District,Uganda

The Approaches to Learning addresses how children learn-this includes children’s attitudes and interests in learning.This domain reflects behaviours and attitudes such as curiosity,problem-solving,maintaining attention and persistence.The research study focused on examining the fathers’parenting practices and the children’s approaches to learning from three through five years.The study used a cross sectional research design and data was generated using focal group discussions,interview guides and child behaviour rating scale on how fathers’parenting practices contribute to children’s approaches to learning.Results revealed that,Fathers’parenting practices and Children’s curiosity were found to have a very positive relationship(r=0.396,p<0.05).Fathers’parenting practices and children’s learning were found to have a significant positive relationship(r=0.420,p<0.05).Findings also indicated that fathers’parenting practices and children’s creativity were found to have an average positive relationship(r=0.379,p<0.05).Arising out of the findings,the study recommended that fathers’parenting programs be put in place to help them up bring the child in holistic manner.

Support Provided by Public Health Nurses for Fathers Who Have Abused Their Children—As Observed in Cases of Child Neglect and Physical or Psychological Abuse

This study aims to identify the support to provide to fathers who have abused children as reported by public health nurses (PHNs). In this study, a qualitative descriptive design was applied to the data analysis. Interviewees were 10 public health nurses (PHNs) in charge of child abuse services for at least 5 years at public health centers. The study analyzed 13 cases reported in the interviews. Measures to support fathers who abuse their children as suggested by PHNs were classified into direct support to the father, support to other family members, and support to be provided by others involved including related organizations. The direct support to the father includes “gaining an in-depth understanding of the abusive situation and psychological states of those involved”, “refraining from involvement in areas where it is difficult to understand the personality of the father”, and others. Support of other family members includes “understanding the marital relationship and assessing the qualities of the relationship”, “refraining from matters that will involve divorce”, and others. Support to be provided by others including related organizations includes “understanding the value of social exchange and assessment of the ability to create and maintain interpersonal relationships”, “establishing support arrangements to enable intervention when necessary”, and others. The interviews report that PHNs arrange support measures that enable intervention as it becomes required, and that this enables learning about child-abuse preventing activities.

Father Prepared, Committed, and Involved in His Child’s Birth: The Experience of Early Father-Child Skin to Skin Contact at Birth

Although the figure of the father has progressively gained a place in birth, it is still displaced and in the mere role of a companion. Objective: To understand the experience of fathers who have prepared to get actively involved in birth and to undergo the experience of early physical contact with their newborns. Method: A qualitative Action-Research (AR) design was carried out, which considered the antenatal educational intervention of 12 fathers together with their pregnant partners. After delivery, individual interviews were conducted in depth to collect the paternal experience at birth. Results: The central emerging theme developed during AR was “Paternal role and early bonding with the child”, whereas the experience was comprehended in two central themes related to the meaning of the father-child encounter-contact: “The impact of the face-to-face encounter with the child”;“The first physical contact with the child, a key moment”. Conclusion: The fathers who were prepared and involved from pregnancy and at birth attribute a special meaning to the father-child relationship which generated since the first encounter, allowing them to feel, enjoy and commit to care.

Psychosocial Characteristics of Fathers Who Have Abused Their Children as Seen by Public Health Nurses

This study aims to identify details of the psychosocial characteristics of fathers who have abused children as they appear to public health nurses (PHNs). In this study a qualitative descriptive design was applied to the data analysis. Interviewees were 10 public health nurses (PHNs), in charge of maternal and child health services for 5 or more years at public health centers. The study analyzed 13 cases reported in the PHNs interviews. The characteristics of the fathers who had abused children as seen by the PHNs were the psycho-social characteristics of ‘weak suppression and control of impulsiveness’, ‘cognitive dissonance in the fatherhood role’, ‘poor social sensitivity’, ‘unbalanced relationship with other members of the family’ and ‘weak relationships with people around the father’. The father’s impulsiveness and cognitive dissonances in the fatherhood role are associated with weaknesses in the family relationships and social adaptation. Conversely, the weakness in the strength of family relationships and social adaptation affects the father’s ability to control impulsiveness and give rise to the cognitive dissonance in the fatherhood role. These in turn interact to create a negative downward spiral, a steadily worsening situation. The findings of this study suggest the necessity for PHNs to focus on the background to the cognitive dissonance in the fatherhood role and to work to educate and guide the fathers.

Public health nurse observations of behavioral characteristics of fathers who contribute to the emotional instability of mothers, as presented in cases of infant abuse

The objective of this study is to look at the understanding and perceptions of public health nurses (PHNs) related to behavioral characteristics of fathers that contribute to emotional instability in mothers by reviewing abuse cases involving infants and very young children. A qualitative descriptive design was applied to the data analysis, based on a semi-structured interview administered to three experienced PHNs who had been in charge of maternal and child health services for at least five years at a public health department or health center;with the data obtained in the interview narratives analyzed. In the observations of the experienced PHNs, the behavioral characteristics of fathers who are instigators of child abuse can be classified into five categories, fathers who are: “Talking to others about marital problems without attempting to solve these by themselves”, “Working on learning about childcare seeking to correct childcare methods”, “Taking the initiative in childcare at cross purposes with mothers”, “Stressing the effort they (the fathers) put into childcare”, and “Failing to notice the own family situation and problems”. The findings of the study suggest the necessity for PHNs to understand fathers, to be aware of the difficulty of building a supportive relationship with fathers, and to improve skills enabling the PHNs to help fathers form good relationships with other family members.

Influence of education and residence on the parental search for pediatric surgical information on the internet

BACKGROUND The internet is a valuable tool for access to health-related information.There is limited literature regarding its use by parents of children with surgical conditions.AIM To investigate internet usage by parents seeking information about the surgical conditions of their offspring in relation to epidemiological factors such as family residential area and parental educational level and to subsequently review the literature regarding this topic.METHODS An anonymous questionnaire about internet usage was completed by eligible parents of children who were admitted to our clinic for minor surgical procedures during a six-month period.RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the internet has been mostly used by mothers for children’s health information.Google was the most commonly used search engine,while pediatricians were the first parental choice for‘live’information.Only one-quarter of the parents informed their doctor about the information found online.Nine of ten parents had a positive opinion of an official website managed by the doctors of our clinic.Our results mostly agreed with the international literature.CONCLUSION In conclusion,the establishment of official websites(designed and managed by specialists)that parents can access to receive appropriate health information is mandatory in the internet era.

尿CXCL10水平对PICU重症患儿死亡风险的预测价值

目的探讨尿C-X-C基序趋化因子10(CXCL 10)水平对重症患儿住儿科重症监护病房(PICU)期间死亡风险的预测价值。方法选择2016年9月至12月以及2017年12月至2018年1月PICU收治的323例重症患儿作为研究对象。根据入住PICU期间转归情况分为生存组(295例)和死亡组(28例),比较组间患儿临床特征。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测患儿入住PICU第1周尿CXCL 10水平的动态变化。运用多因素逐步线性回归分析明确尿CXCL 10水平与临床变量的相关性。多因素logistic回归分析评估在校正混杂因素后尿CXCL 10与病死率的关系,采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)评估尿CXCL10对重症患儿病死率的预测价值。结果死亡组尿CXCL10初始值和最大值均明显高于生存组(P<0.05)。多因素线性和logistic回归分析均显示尿CXCL10的初始值及最大值与死亡显著相关(P<0.05)。尿CXCL10初始和最大值预测重症患儿死亡的AUC值分别为0.780(95%CI:0.689~0.872,P<0.001)、0.846(95%CI:0.769~0.923,P<0.001)。结论尿CXCL 10是重症患儿死亡的独立预测指标。

父子打闹游戏质量对儿童社会能力的影响:儿童性别的调节作用

目的 探讨父子打闹游戏质量与学龄前期儿童社会能力的关系,以及儿童性别的调节效应。方法 采用父母游戏与照顾问卷(parental play and care questionnaire,PPCQ)、幼儿社会能力与行为评定量表(social competence and behavior evaluation,SCBE-30)、自编人口学问卷对3~6岁学龄前期儿童的801对父母,共1 602人进行调查。结果 相关分析表明,父子打闹游戏质量与儿童社会能力呈显著正相关(r=0.15,P<0.01)。儿童性别在父子打闹游戏质量与儿童社会能力之间的调节作用显著。父子打闹游戏质量对女孩社会能力的预测作用显著(β=0.26,P<0.001);父子打闹游戏质量并不能显著预测男孩的社会能力(β=0.06,P=0.16)。结论 儿童性别调节了父子打闹游戏质量对学龄前期儿童社会能力的影响。

当代美国儿童养育中的父亲角色:内涵、影响因素与启示

当代美国儿童养育中的父亲角色呈现出由相对单一向多元化发展的趋势,特别是父亲角色从工具型角色逐步向教养型角色扩展。这一过程受到美国二战后松弛的社会环境、公共卫生理念对儿童家庭环境的关注、大众传媒对父亲角色的宣扬、学界理论导向支持、性别权利运动推动以及国家政策鼓励等诸多因素的影响。借鉴美国儿童养育中的父亲角色转变经验,我国有必要以提升女性经济地位为关键,通过加快完善家庭友好政策及相关立法、转变社会性别角色观念、提升男性育儿意识、推行父职教育等措施,推动父亲角色向责任型、教养型方向发展。

父亲参与和青少年生活满意度的关系:共同养育和父子依恋的多重中介作用

目的 探讨父亲参与和青少年生活满意度的关系以及共同养育和父子依恋的中介作用。方法 采用父亲参与教养问卷、共同养育关系量表、父子依恋量表、青少年生活满意度量表,对325名10~16岁青少年及其家长进行匿名施测。分析父亲参与和青少年生活满意度的关系并进行中介效应检验。结果 父亲参与、共同养育、父子依恋、青少年生活满意度,两两之间呈显著正相关。父亲参与对青少年生活满意度的直接效应不显著。父亲参与通过共同养育、父子依恋的中介作用以及两者的链式中介作用,对青少年生活满意度产生间接效应。结论 共同养育和父子依恋在父亲参与对青少年生活满意度的影响中起多重中介作用。

父母冲突对离异家庭子女与父亲关系的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

目的探讨父母冲突对离异家庭子女与父亲关系的影响,以及离异前父亲与子女关系和母亲与子女关系在其中的作用。方法采用儿童感知父母冲突量表、亲子亲合量表对212名来自离异家庭的成年个体进行调查,获得有效问卷192份。对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果父母冲突负向影响离异家庭子女与父亲的关系;离异前父亲与子女的关系能够完全中介父母冲突对离异家庭子女与父亲关系的影响,离异前母亲与子女关系在上述中介路径中负向调节父母冲突对离异前父亲与子女关系的影响。结论离异家庭父亲与子女的关系受到父母冲突和离异前父亲与子女关系的影响;离异前母亲与子女的关系越好,父母冲突对离异前父亲与子女关系的消极影响越显著。

亲子关系与问题行为的动态相互作用模型：对儿童早期的追踪研究

通过对81名幼儿的父母历时两年的三次追踪测查,考察了父子、母子关系与儿童问题行为的动态相互作用模型。结构方程模型的分析结果表明:一方面,相邻两次测查的母子、父子关系、各种问题行为之间的路径系数都非常显著;另一方面,母子关系与退缩、攻击问题的双向作用,父子关系与攻击、违纪问题的双向作用都得到了支持,焦虑问题对父子、母子关系的作用,违纪问题对父子关系的作用也都得到了支持。

亲子互动研究及其进展

亲子互动研究是从父母与儿童互动的角度来研究父母与儿童的交往行为,在近几十年来越来越受到国内外研究者的关注。该文从亲子互动影响因素和亲子互动与儿童心理、行为发展的关系两个方面介绍了亲子互动的有关研究,同时又从有缺陷儿童的亲子互动和父亲在亲子互动中的作用介绍了亲子互动研究的进展。

父亲教养态度与儿童在4～7岁间的问题行为和学校适应

对 54名儿童在 4岁和 7岁时的问题行为及其父亲的教养态度进行追踪研究 ,在儿童 7岁时 ,根据教师报告考察其学校适应情况。结果发现 :父亲的过分关心能显著预测男孩的外显和内隐问题行为 ;父亲的拒绝和控制能显著预测儿童在学校中的助人行为 ;从 4岁到 7岁 ,父亲的教养态度既有稳定性 ,又有一定的变化 ;

父亲角色投入与儿童的成长

父亲与母亲同样,在孩子的成长过程中起着不可替代的重要影响,但是多少年来人们一直把父亲视为养儿育女的局外人。虽然现在人们对父亲角色的重要性有所体验和了解,但仍没有付之于行动。文章从父亲角色研究的历史脉络、父亲角色对儿童一生的重要意义、父亲角色投入现状以及改善现状这四方面来阐述父亲角色投入与儿童成长的密切关系。

儿童的情绪行为问题与父子冲突、父子依恋

目的：研究儿童的情绪行为问题与父子冲突、父子依恋的关系，以及父子依恋在父子冲突对儿童情绪行为问题影响中的作用。方法：选取663位8～15岁的儿童，用父子冲突问卷（CBQ）、青少年依恋问卷（IPPA）与长处与困难问卷（SDQ）分别评估父子冲突、父子依恋和儿童情绪与行为问题。结果：儿童的CBQ、IPPA得分和SDQ困难总分均无显著性别差异（P〉0．05）；父亲受教育程度初中组的CBQ得分高于高中组和大学组[（5．8±5．4）VS．（4．0±4．2），（3．9±4．3）；P〈0．05]，IPPA得分低于高中组和大学组[（63．3±16．0）VS．（67．6±12．8），（69．7±13．0）；P〈0．05]；父子每周互动〈3h组的CBQ得分显著高于3—7h组和〉7h组[（5．5±5．0）VS．（3．8±4．1），（2．8±3．6）；P〈0．05]，IPPA得分显著低于其他两组[（63．1±14．6）VS．（70．0±11．7），（73．8±11．6）；P〈0．05]，SDQ困难得分高于〉7h组[（12．0±5．0）VS．（9．9±5．3），P〈0．05]。父子冲突对儿童的情绪症状（β=0．28，P〈0．01）和品行问题（β=0．18，P〈0．01）有正向预测作用，父子依恋能正向预测儿童的亲社会行为（β=0．39，P〈0．01），负向预测儿童的多动注意不能（β=-0．28，P〈0．01）和同伴交往问题（β=-0．14，P〈0．05）；父子冲突对儿童情绪症状（β=0．17，P〈0．01）、品行问题（β=0．12，P〈0．05）、多动注意不能（JB=0．13，P〈0．05）与亲社会行为（β=-0．21，P〈0．01）的预测作用均受到了父子依恋的调节。结论：儿童的情绪行为问题可能与父子冲突、父子依恋有关，父子依恋在父子冲突对儿童情绪行为问题的影响中可能有调节作用。

父亲缺失对儿童心理发展的影响

父亲对儿童心理发展的影响正日益受到研究者的重视。父亲缺失的研究使得研究者有可能对父亲缺失家庭儿童和完整家庭儿童的人格特点进行对比,进而推理父亲的作用。它已成为当前对父亲作用研究的重要的研究范式。文章阐述了当前对父亲缺失研究的主要观点,包括父亲缺失对儿童性别角色发展的作用,父亲缺失对儿童道德和犯罪行为的影响,父亲缺失对儿童人际交往能力、个体化发展等的影响。在文章最后对未来的研究提出了一些设想。

父母的婚姻满意度对父亲教养投入的影响:父母协同教养的中介作用

在全国多个省市选取364对幼儿父母,采用父亲教养投入问卷、婚姻满意度问卷和协同教养问卷分别测查父亲教养投入、父母婚姻满意度及协同教养状况,通过结构方程模型检验父母的婚姻满意度、协同教养和父亲教养投入三者间的溢出、补偿和交叉效应及协同教养在父母婚姻满意度与父亲教养投入间的中介作用。结果发现:(1)溢出、补偿和交叉效应同时存在于婚姻满意度、协同教养与父亲教养投入三者之间;(2)以协同教养的团结或一致维度为中介变量时,父亲的协同教养行为可完全或部分中介父亲婚姻满意度对父亲教养投入的影响,母亲的婚姻满意度和母亲的协同教养行为对父亲教养投入均没有影响;以协同教养的冲突或贬低维度为中介变量时,父母的婚姻满意度直接对父亲教养投入产生影响,父母的协同教养行为不存在中介作用。

父亲参与教养状况对学前儿童社会技能的作用

作为孩子成长的关键人物之一,父亲对儿童早期的社会性发展具有重要作用。本研究以184名学前中班儿童及其父母为被试,考察父亲参与教养的量(参与教养的时间)和质(积极教养行为)对儿童早期社会技能的作用。结果发现:(1)控制母亲积极教养行为以后,父亲参与教养时间仍显著预测儿童的社会技能,父亲积极教养行为的预测作用不再显著。(2)控制母亲积极教养行为后,父亲参与教养时间显著预测女孩的合作性、责任感、自我控制及总体社会技能,边缘显著预测男孩的主张性;父亲积极教养行为边缘显著预测男孩的主张性,对女孩各项社会技能的预测均不显著。(3)父亲参与教养时间显著预测母亲积极教养水平低组儿童的合作性、主张性、责任感、自我控制及总体社会技能,父亲积极教养行为边缘显著预测母亲积极教养低组儿童的合作性和总体社会技能。表明父亲参与教养对母亲消极教养具有缓冲作用,其中父亲参与教养时间的缓冲效应更明显。

356名医学生的父母教养方式与其心理健康关系的研究

目的 探讨父母教养方式与医学生心理健康之间的关系 ,为家庭教育提供指导。方法 应用EMBU与SCL - 90结合表 ,对某校 35 6名医学生进行父母教养方式和心理健康调查。结果 男女生的父亲惩罚严厉及偏爱被试差异有显著性 ;独生与非独生子女的父母情感温暖、惩罚严厉、过干涉过保护因子及母亲拒绝否认差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。父亲情感温暖与SCL - 90得分呈负相关性 ,父亲过度保护、母亲惩罚严厉、母亲拒绝否认与SCL - 90得分呈正相关性。结论 父母教养方式与子女心理健康之间存在密切关系 ,不良的教养方式可增加子女心理卫生问题发生的可能性。