Records of the East Asian winter monsoon from the mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea since the mid-Holocene

AMS14C dating and analysis of grain size,major elements and clay minerals were applied to Core MZ01 from the mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea.Based on the environmentally sensitive grain size,clay mineral and major element assemblages,the history of the East Asia winter monsoon since the mid-Holocene could be reconstructed.These three proxies,mean grain size(>9.71μm),chemical index of alteration(CIA)and ratio of smectite to kaolinite in particular,show similar fluctuation patterns. Furthermore,10 extreme values corresponding to the contemporary cooling events could be recognized since the mid-Holocene;these extreme values are likely to have been caused by the strengthening of the East Asia winter monsoon.The cooling events correlated well with the results of theδ18O curves of the Dunde ice core and GISP2,which therefore revealed a regional response to global climate change.Four stages of the East Asia winter monsoon were identified,i.e.8300-6300 a BP,strong and unstable;6300-3800 a BP,strong but stable;3800-1400 a BP,weak and unstable;after 1400 a BP,weak but stable.

High-Resolution Geochemical Records in the Inner Shelf Mud Wedge of the East China Sea and Their Indication to the Holocene Monsoon Climatic Changes and Events

The inner shelf mud wedge(ISMW)located in the East China Sea(ECS)is the fine-grained sedimentary area with high sedimentation rate and has provided an ideal study area for understanding the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)evolution during the Holocene.In this paper,we presented the high-resolution geochemical data of the sediments from the core MD06-3040 in the ISMW of the ECS determined by X-ray fluorescence core scanning(XRF-CS)analysis,a high-resolution,continuous,and multielement method.Geochemical and factor analysis results reveal that the variations of elemental compositions(Al,Si,K,Ti,Fe),the elemental ratios of Al/Zr,Ca/Ti and Rb/Sr,and the factor scores(F1 are correlated with the changes of the EASM during the period of 6000–1300 cal yr BP.The higher values of geochemical compositions indicating the terrigenous inputs implied the intensification of anthropogenic activities after 1300 cal yr BP.Meanwhile,the significant decrease of most geochemical compositions and the F1 factor scores during 4500–3500 cal yr BP and 1700–1500 cal yr BP,within the dating errors,coincided with the weak EASM events(presumably drought and cold events).The spectral analysis results of K concentrations,Al/Zr ratios and F1 factor scores show the millennial and centennial climatic fluctuations,which are consistent with other marine sedimentary records in the adjacent areas.All the findings show that the geochemical compositions of sediments from core MD06-3040 are influenced by the EASM evolution,the variable El Niño/Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the local oceanic thermohaline circulation(e.g.,Kuroshio Current).These results are greatly helpful in uncovering the forcing mechanism of the monsoonal climate in the east China over the Holocene and also contribute to the understanding of EASM variability.

Response of environmental sensitive grain size group in Core FJ04 from mud area in the north of East China Sea to East Asian winter monsoon evolvement

AMS14C dating and grain-size analysis for Core FJ04, located at mud area in the North of East China Sea provide us a high-resolution grain-size distribution curve varying with depth and time. This paper got environmental sensitive grain-size group by using standard deviation method, and proved that the selected sensitive grain-size group is an important proxy which can be used to reconstruct intensity of East Asian Winter Monsoon （EAWM）. Then we got reconstruction of EAWM evolvement since 3 ka B.P., which revealed two main phases： （1） 3 - 1.15ka B.P., relative weak EAWM with middle frequency fluctuation; （2） 1.15 - 0ka B.P., really strong EAWM with high frequency fluctuation. And 1.15 ka B.P. is a distinct turning point. During the whole period, 11 intense events of EAWM were recorded and correlated well with other climate records, but the response extent was different, which showed consistency of climate change and particularity of region response.

Trend and Dynamic Cause of Sediment Particle Size on the Adjacent Continental Shelf of the Yangtze Estuary

Based on the measured data in recent 20 years, the variation trends of the median grain size of the surface sediment, the sand-silt boundary and the mud area on the adjacent continental shelf of the Yangtze Estuary were analyzed in depth, and the effects of natural mechanism and human activities were discussed. The results show that： （1） In recent years （2006-2013）, the median grain size of sediment and the distribution pattern of grouped sediments in the adjacent continental shelf area to the Yangtze Estuary have presented no obvious change compared with those before 2006; （2） The median diameter of the surface sediment in the continental shelf area displayed a coarsening trend with the decrease of sediment discharge from the basin and the drop in suspended sediment concentration in the shore area; （3） In 2004-2007, the sand-silt boundary in the north part （31 ~30＇N） of the continental shelf area presented no significant changes, while that in the south part （31~30＇S） moved inwards; In 2008-2013, both the sand-silt boundaries in the north and south parts of the continental shelf area moved inwards, mainly due to the fact that in the dry season, a relatively enhanced hydrodynamic force of the tides was generated in the Yangtze River, as well as a decreased suspended sediment concentration and a flow along the banks in North Jiangsu; （4） The mud area where the maximum deposition rate is found in the Yangtze Estuary, tends to shrink due to the drop in sediment discharge from the basin, and the decrease in suspended sediment concentration in the shore area and erosion in the delta. Moreover, it tended to shift to the south at the same time because the implement of the training works on the deep-water channel of the North Passage changed the split ratio between the North and South Passages with an increase in the power of the discharged runoff in the South Passage.

High-resolution clay mineral assemblages in the inner shelf mud wedge of the East China Sea during the Holocene: Implications for the East Asian Monsoon evolution

The inner shelf mud wedge of the East China Sea(ECS) is a high-sedimentation-rate fine-grained sediment unit that has preserved a continuous environmental evolution history since the last deglaciation. We present a high-resolution clay mineralogical study from Core MD06-3040 to semi-quantitatively evaluate terrigenous sediment contributions from various potential provenances throughout the Holocene. The results showed that the clay mineral assemblage is composed of dominant illite(34–49%), moderate smectite(16–41%) and chlorite(15–28%), and minor kaolinite(5–12%). Provenance analysis suggested that most fine-grained terrigenous sediments originated from the Yangtze River, with minor sediments derived from Taiwan island and negligible sediments from nearby Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. Time series variation in the contribution of the Yangtze source fluctuated in the range of 38–80%, whereas that of Taiwan island had a converse variation pattern from ~10%to ~55%, and the contribution of Fujian was relatively stable in the range of 7–11% throughout the Holocene. The fluctuations of clay mineral assemblages and variations of clay mineral contributions from different provenances of Core MD06-3040 were controlled by the variability of precipitation in the Yangtze drainage associated with periodic fluctuations in the East Asian monsoonal circulation.

东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义

通过分析东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物的粒度、有机质(TOC)、常量元素氧化物(SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O,P2O5,TiO2,MnO),探讨东海内陆架泥质区常量元素空间分布特征及其地质意义。结果表明,东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物中常量元素氧化物组成较为稳定,含量最高的2种组分为SiO2和Al2O3,两者组分占沉积物总量的72%左右。常量元素氧化物的含量与沉积物类型密切相关,SiO2,CaO,P2O5倾向于富集在粗颗粒沉积物中;Al2O3,K2O,MnO则倾向于富集在细颗粒沉积物中;而MgO,Na2O,Fe2O3和TiO2基本不受沉积物类型影响。R型因子分析结果表明,东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物的常量元素氧化物可以分为3组,第1组包括SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,TiO2,P2O5和MnO;第2组包括CaO,K2O,CaCO3和TOC;第3组包括Na2O,可能分别代表了陆源碎屑沉积、海洋生物沉积和海洋化学沉积。

东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物稀土元素的分布特征

通过对东海内陆架泥质区30个表层沉积物样品中的稀土元素、主微量元素、TOC、CaCO3、沉积物粒度进行了分析,讨论了影响稀土元素分布的原因。结果显示东海内陆架中ΣREEs为182.8～221μg/g,均值为206.5μg/g,明显高于黄土、黄河及雅鲁藏布江中稀土元素的含量,与长江、瓯江中稀土元素含量接近。稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化配分模式及(La/Yb)N比值显示,轻稀土显著富集,存在显著的δEu异常。稀土元素上地壳标准化配分模式显示稀土元素与上地壳之间不存在显著的分馏,稀土元素存在显著的"四分性"。稀土元素与粒径、有机质、CaCO3之间不存在相关性,表明研究区中稀土元素含量不受上述3个因素的控制。元素比值及稀土元素上地壳标准化配分模式显示研究区稀土元素主要源于长江。

东海陆架泥质区沉积有机质的物源分析

色谱和色谱/质谱分析表明,济州岛西南泥质区正构烷烃、姥鲛烷、植烷、藿烷和甾烷等生物标志物的特征与现代长江口、老黄河口和新黄河口的河流沉积物均区别很大,该泥质区的沉积有机质主要来源于海洋低等生物(如细菌和藻类等)以及陆源高等植物的输入,表现为不同来源和成熟度的生物标志物的混合,同时该泥质区沉积有机质与矿物碎屑沉积物来源不尽相同。长江口泥质区正构烷烃高相对分子质量部分与长江口沉积物相似,正构烷烃和藿烷所反映的有机质成熟度高于现代长江和老黄河口沉积物,甾烷的成熟度与长江相仿而明显高于老黄河口沉积物。长江口泥质区的沉积有机质主要来源于长江输入的陆源高等植物碎片和海洋源的低等生物。东海陆架近岸与远端泥质区沉积有机质的物源很不相同。

中全新世以来东海内陆架泥质沉积物来源

利用判别函数、Eu异常与稀土元素总量关系(δEuN-ΣREEs)图解以及物源定量识别方法,对位于浙闽沿岸泥质带的EC2005孔常微量、稀土元素地球化学进行分析,利用14C测量加速器质谱仪(AMS14C)进行年龄测定,探讨东海内陆架EC2005孔泥质沉积物来源。结果表明:EC2005孔泥质沉积物主要来源于长江,其平均贡献量为93.7%,没有识别出黄河物质;历史时期黄河物质可以影响到29°N甚至于更为偏南的区域(南界为27°25'N),台湾海峡西北部则可以接受台湾物质的输入;浙闽沿岸泥质区物质来源具有一定的复杂性,值得进一步深入研究。

近2ka以来东海内陆架泥质区记录的高分辨率古气候演化

通过对位于东海内陆架泥质区中部的MZ02柱样岩芯进行粒度、常量元素、AMS14C分析,获得了粒度和常量元素随时间变化的高分辨率曲线。结果表明,近2 ka以来研究区沉积环境稳定,以沿岸流控制的浅海沉积为主,沉积物中CaO/K2O,MgO/Al2O3和MnO/Na2O比值的变化与我国东部气候变化序列具有较好的一致性,证明这些元素地球化学指标可以作为古气候变化的高分辨率替代性指标。近2 ka以来CaO/K2O、MgO/Al2O3和MnO/Na2O共同识别出的7次极值揭示了同期的降温事件,分别发生在～1 480 a BP(C1),～1 200 a BP(C2),～1 020 a BP(C3),～780 a BP(C4),～580 a BP(C5),～330 a BP(C6),～120 a BP(C7),且在其他区域不同介质中也能找到相应的降温证据,揭示了气候变化的区域性以至全球性联系。

东海内陆架泥质区夏季悬浮体的分布特征及影响因素分析

通过对2007年夏季东海内陆架泥质区悬浮体的测定,探讨了该区悬浮体的分布特征及其影响因素,结果表明悬浮体的平面分布特征为近岸远高于远岸,闽江、瓯江等河流的河口位置浓度最大,等值线基本上平行于海岸线;垂向上悬浮体质量浓度随着水深的加大而增加,高值区大多出现在海底地势凸起的位置。研究区悬浮体的分布主要受陆源入海沉积物和东海流系格局的影响,其中近岸区域主要受控于河流入海物质和闽浙沿岸流;而台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸上升流则对远岸区域影响较大。研究区悬浮体质量浓度和海水浊度的相关性分析显示两者相关系数达0.91,这为通过水体浊度来反演区域的悬浮体质量浓度提供了基础。

全新世东海内陆架泥质区有孔虫特征及其古环境意义

东海内陆架泥质区是东海全新世高海平面以来的沉积中心,保存了冰后期海平面上升以来完整的全新世沉积记录,是研究东海古海洋环境变化的良好载体,也是研究全新世古气候、古环境变迁的绝佳材料。选取了位于东海内陆架泥质区中部的MZ02孔长岩心作为研究对象,通过对沉积物中有孔虫进行属种鉴定分析,并结合岩心沉积物的岩性特征和AMS14 C测年数据,主要依据底栖有孔虫组合,恢复了研究区全新世以来的沉积环境演化。研究表明,全新世以来东海内陆架泥质区的沉积环境呈现阶段性演化特征,经历了以下4个阶段的演化:阶段I(10.8～10.5cal.kaBP)为滨岸沉积环境;阶段II(10.5～8.3cal.kaBP)随海面快速上升沉积环境由内陆架滨岸向中—内陆架过渡;阶段III(8.3～5.2cal.kaBP)为台湾暖流十分靠近的中—内陆架沉积环境;阶段IV(5.2～0cal.kaBP)为沿岸流较强的内陆架沉积环境。暖水种丰度在8.4cal.kaBP出现高值,推测为台湾暖流形成之时。约4.0cal.kaBP以来表生种丰度呈现高值和底栖有孔虫18 O变轻,推测与沿岸流增强密切相关。

东海陆架北部泥质区悬浮体的絮凝沉积作用

1997年 2月在东海北部取得悬浮体和底质样品 ,通过粒度分析和扫描电镜及能谱分析 ,探讨了陆架北部泥质区悬浮体的絮凝沉积作用。结果表明 ,生物因素是泥质区悬浮体的发生絮凝的机制之一 ,可影响悬浮体在海水中的行为。生物活动产生的软组织、分泌物和粘膜等有机质可将矿物碎屑和生物骨屑粘结、吸附和捕集在一起形成絮凝体而迅速沉积。在悬浮体含量较低、水化学环境相对稳定的东海陆架 ,絮凝作用是泥质区得以形成的关键过程之一。

东海内陆架悬浮体输运、通量及季节变化

基于2006年夏季和2007年冬季实测温盐数据和悬浮体浓度数据,分析东海内陆架悬浮体水平和垂直分布季节性特征,并结合MIKE3数值模拟海流结果,定量估算东海关键断面悬浮体运移通量,探讨悬浮体输运与泥质区形成和演化的关系。研究表明:东海内陆架悬浮体分布主要受流系控制,且季节变化明显;一般天气条件下,东海内陆架泥质区海域输入悬浮体净通量约为2.24×108t/a,其中夏半年悬浮体向泥质区海域输入净通量约为52.19×106t,贡献约为23.29%,冬半年净通量约为171.87×106t,贡献约为76.71%,浙闽沿岸悬浮体输运净通量均有利于东海内陆架泥质区的发育。本研究将对东海内陆架泥质区物质来源和发育演化研究提供理论支持。

东海内陆架泥质区沉积速率

对东海内陆架泥质区7个重力柱状样进行了210Pb活度分析测试,计算所得沉积速率为0.79～3.66cm/a,平均值为1.97cm/a,最高值出现在研究区最北端的CJ12-11号孔,属于东海高沉积强度区,其他6个柱状样沉积速率较低,属于次高沉积强度区。表层210Pb活度值分布与沉积物类型密切相关,可能主要受控于黏土矿物含量的高低;而表层210Pb活度值与悬浮体浓度则呈现出明显的正相关关系。另外,沉积速率与粒度参数综合分析,揭示了近百年来东海内陆架泥质区沉积作用稳定、泥质区呈向北扩张的趋势。

东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学比较研究

利用东海陆架泥质沉积区和周围砂质沉积区的表层沉积物元素含量和海水悬浮沉积物总量分析资料 ,对泥质区的沉积地球化学进行了比较研究。结果表明东海不同泥质区的沉积地球化学过程很不相同。浙江近岸泥质区沉积物元素以Fe、Mn、Zn的含量高 ,Na、Sr、Al、Ca的含量低为特征 ,其地球化学特征与长江沉积物非常一致。近岸泥质区的沉积物基本来源于长江输入海的沉积物 ,在台湾暖流的作用下沉积在浙江沿岸。远岸济州岛西南泥质区沉积物以Na、Sr的高含量 ,较高的Al、Ca含量和低的Fe、Mn、Zn含量为特征 ,其地球化学特征与黄河源沉积物有好的相关性 ,但有一定的混合源性质 ,该泥质区的沉积物主要来源于黄河源的细颗粒沉积物 ,由黄海沿岸流搬运到该区并沉积下来。沉积物在搬运沉积过程中 ,元素粒度分异作用明显。东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学过程的控制性影响因子是东海环流系统和物源 。

东海内陆架表层沉积物粒度及其净输运模式

根据对东海内陆架海底沉积物的粒度测试,运用Gao-Collins"粒度趋势分析"方法,探讨了东海内陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布特征和净输运趋势。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可以分为两类:细颗粒(>5Φ)和粗颗粒(<5Φ);细颗粒分布于研究区的大部分区域,而粗颗粒主要分布在闽江、瓯江等入海河流口门以及马祖等海岛附近;表层沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态等粒度参数对应性较好,总体特征为粒径越粗,分选越差,偏态更正偏,而粒径越细,分选越好,偏态也较低;粒径趋势分析显示东海陆架表层沉积物的运移模式总体为NE—WS方向运移,而研究区边缘在运移过程中发生向左右两侧的偏移,南部闽江河口区沉积物由近岸向海方向辐射运移,研究区表层沉积物的净输运模式主要受控于流系和地形等多种因素。

近2ka以来东海内陆架泥质区高分辨率的生物硅记录及其古生产力意义

通过对位于东海内陆架泥质区中部的MZ02孔进行粒度和生物硅分析,AMS14C测年,获得了粒度和生物硅随时间变化的高分辨率曲线。结果表明,近2 ka以来研究区沉积环境稳定,以沿岸流控制的浅海沉积为主;沉积物中生物硅含量<1.5%,属于低含量海区,主要受低硅质骨骼供给量、高溶解作用以及陆源物质冲淡作用的影响。生物硅含量及其堆积速率与中国东部温度曲线对比显示,近2 ka以来生物硅含量及其堆积速率在相对高温期明显增加,而在相对低温期降低,反映了表层生产力对气候变化的响应,其高值期可能是由于相对高温期夏季风的加强导致了上升流的增强和营养物质供给的增加。另外,MZ02孔生物硅含量及其堆积速率与格陵兰冰芯和红原泥炭同位素对应性较好,揭示了古生产力和古气候变化的区域性以至全球性联系。

内蒙古索伦—林西地区林西组泥页岩储层特征

内蒙古索伦—林西地区发育有较好生烃潜力的巨厚上二叠统林西组暗色泥页岩,泥页岩厚度高值带主要分布于官地—巴彦花—索伦一线的西北部,累厚可达911 m,单层最大厚度63 m。场扫描电镜、X-射线衍射分析等实验结果表明：林西组暗色泥页岩发育较多的脆性矿物,平均含量62.9%,最大可达70.8%;黏土矿物平均含量37.1%,最大可达41.5%;泥页岩中的微孔隙、微裂隙发育,孔隙类型以粒间孔隙和粒内孔隙为主,孔隙直径一般为1-3μm,最大为8μm;孔隙度平均为1.288%,最大为4.42%;基质渗透率平均为0.026 2×10^-3μm^2,最大为0.275 8×10^-3μm^2。与国内外已发现页岩气盆地相比,林西组泥页岩储层具有一定的页岩气储集条件,并具有可开发造缝的岩石学特征。推测区内查干淖尔—白音诺尔一线的西北地区是较为有利的目标区。

东海内陆架泥质区沉积物生物硅分布及其影响因素

采用连续提取方法对东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物进行了生物硅测定，得出研究区生物硅空间分布特征。结果表明，受中国东部海域低硅质骨骼供给量及高溶解作用的沉积背景的控制，沉积物中生物硅质量分数为0．66％～1．26％，平均值为0．95％，整体上属于低值海区。生物硅的空间分布上不均一，呈明显的分带性，可能主要受研究区特定流系格局控制下的陆源碎屑物质冲淡作用影响。另外，生物硅与沉积物中有机质正相关，而与沉积物粒度组成相关性不明显。