A Brief Overview of the Development and Significance of Modern Scientific Medicine in China:Take Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College as an Example

Since the early 20th century,China has gradually established a clinical,educational,and research system centered around modern scientific medicine,which has now become the dominant force in China's medical and health system and services,with the construction and development of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College as the most prominent symbol.The scientific medicine in the new era requires close cooperation across multiple disciplines and fields to build a high-quality and efficient medical and health service system.It also involves combining the excellent traditional Chinese culture with Western medicine to explore a unique path of modern scientific medicine with Chinese characteristics.

Changes of China’s Status in the Global System and Its Influencing Factors:A Multiple Contact Networks Perspective

Clarifying China’s position in the global system is an important logical basis for developing national diplomacy.Although much research has been done on China’s development status,most studies have been based on country comparisons or institutional en-vironment.In today’s networked era in which the global economy,trade,personnel,and information are closely connected,studies on China’s global position and its status changes and influencing factors in multiple contact networks are still insufficient.In this study,from the perspective of diverse global contact networks,we constructed economic,cultural,and political influence indices to explore the changes and influencing factors on China’s status in the global system from 2005 to 2018.The results show that during the study period,China’s global influence in the fields of economic ties,cultural exchanges,and political contacts increased significantly,but its influ-ence in the fields of cultural exchanges and political contacts lagged far economic ties.The pattern of China’s economic influence on various economies around the world has shown a transformation from an‘upright pyramid’to an‘inverted pyramid’structure.The proportion of these economies in low-influence zones has decreased from more than 60%in 2005 to less than 20%in 2018.China’s cultural and political influence on various economies around the world has increased significantly;however,for the former,the percentage of high-influence areas is still less than 20%,whereas for the latter the percentage of these economies in medium-and high-influence areas is still less than 50%.Analyses such as a scatter plot matrix show that geographical proximity,economic globalization,close cooperation with developing countries,and a proactive and peaceful foreign policy are important factors in improving China’s status in the diverse global network system.

Optimization of Culture Conditions and Medium Composition for the Marine Algicidal Bacterium Alteromonas sp. DH46 by Uniform Design

Harmful algal blooms(HABs) have led to extensive ecological and environmental issues and huge economic losses.Various HAB control techniques have been developed,and biological methods have been paid more attention.Algicidal bacteria is a general designation for bacteria which inhibit algal growth in a direct or indirect manner,and kill or damage the algal cells.A metabolite which is strongly toxic to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was produced by strain DH46 of the alga-lysing bacterium Alteromonas sp.The culture conditions were optimized using a single-factor test method.Factors including carbon source,nitrogen source,temperature,initial pH value,rotational speed and salinity were studied.The results showed that the cultivation of the bacteria at 28℃ and 180 r min-1with initial pH 7 and 30 salt contcentration favored both the cell growth and the lysing effect of strain DH46.The optimal medium composition for strain DH46 was determined by means of uniform design experimentation,and the most important components influencing the cell density were tryptone,yeast extract,soluble starch,NaNO3 and MgSO4.When the following culture medium was used(tryptone 14.0g,yeast extract 1.63g,soluble starch 5.0 g,NaNO3 1.6 g,MgSO4 2.3 g in 1L),the largest bacterial dry weight(7.36 g L-1) was obtained,which was an enhancement of 107% compared to the initial medium;and the algal lysis rate was as high as 98.4% which increased nearly 10% after optimization.

Improvement of the tissue culture technique for Melaleuca alternifolia

Tea tree oil is extracted from the leaves and twigs of Melaleuca alternifolia （Maiden ＆ Betche） Cheel, and it is widely used in medicines, food preservatives, cosmetics and health care products. Traditional propagation of M. alternifolia from seeds does not necessarily transfer the desired characteristics from their mother trees, the seedlings are not uniform, and the multiplication rate from cuttings is relatively low. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop tissue culture techniques for this species. This study showed that an efficient explant initiation medium for M. alternifolia was MS 1/2 ＋ BA 0.6mg L^-1 ＋NAA 0.1 mg L^-1＋sucrose 30g L-l, which yielded a 75.9 % initiation rate. An efficient multi- plication medium was MS ＋ BA 0.3 mg L^-1＋ NAA 0.15 mg L^-1 ＋ sucrose 30 g L^-1, which yielded a 4.3 multiplication rate and 3.2 cm shoot length. The rooting medium was MS 1/2 ＋ IBA 0.1-0.25 mg L^-1 ＋ sucrose 15 g L^-1, which yielded a 100 % rooting rate, 2.94-3.32 roots per individual and 1.36-1.44 cm root length. Local red-core soil was suitable as a transplant medium, and yielded 98 % survival. This study improved the tissue culture technique for mass-propagation of M. alternifolia, enabling the production of high quality plants for market.

The symmetry and loading-independency of multiple inclusions enclosing uniform stresses in an infinite elastic plane

The identification of multiple interacting inclusions with uniform internal stresses in an infinite elastic matrix subjected to a uniform remote loading is of fundamental importance in the mechanics and design of particulate composite materials.In anti-plane shear and plane deformations,certain sufficient conditions have been established in the literature which guarantee uniform internal stresses inside multiple interacting inclusions displaying various symmetries when the matrix is subjected to specific uniform remote loading.Correspondingly,sufficient conditions which allow for the design of multiple interacting inclusions independent of any specific form of(uniform)remote loading have also been established.In this paper,we demonstrate rigorously that,in all cases,these sufficient conditions are also necessary conditions and indeed allow for the identification of all possible collections of such inclusions.

Multiplication of the Recombinant Strain Re-7 of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5 in MDCK Cells

This study was conducted to explore the multiplication pattern of the recombinant strain Re-7 of avian influenza virus subtype H5 in Madin Darby Canine Kidney （MDCK） cells and to determine the optimal multiplicity of infection （MOI） and the optimal time for virus harvest. The recombinant strain Re-7 was inoculated at different MOIs into MDCK cells grown in serum-free medium in 100 L bioreactors for replication. Then, the hemagglutination（HA） titer, 50% tissue culture infectious dose （TCID50） and 50% embryo infectious dose （EID50） of culture medium were measured once every 12 h from 24 h after virus inoculation to determine the optimal MOI. After that, virus was inoculated at the optimal MOI determined above into MDCK cells for large-scale virus replication to determine the optimal time for virus harvest. The results showed that the optimal MOI was 10 2, and the optimal time for virus harvest was 60 h after inoculation. Under these conditions, the HA titer, TCIDso per 1 mL and EIDso per 0.1 mL were increased to 1：102 4, 10^7.33 and 10^6.83, respectively. This study provides relatively stable parameters for large-scale production of the recombinant strain Re-7 of avian influenza virus subtype H5.

Cultural Reconstruction:The Game of Multiple Subjects

Cultural reconstruction is the application of cultural capitalization,and the process of the game between multiple subjects.This paper discusses the demands of various stakeholders and presents the challenges faced by the cultural reconstruction led by the government’s centralized leadership.The conclusion is that the government should vigorously organize multiple forces to participate in cultural reconstruction in order to form a multiple-participation-mechanism under a centralized leadership.

Mindset Breaking and Its Integration with Multi - culture -- Inheritance and Development of Humanity Higher Education

In the new era of the 21st century,it is highly relevant to improve humanity higher education and cultivate college students to be equipped with humanistic spirit and excellent academic skills.How to create an innovation-driven model for humanistic inheritance and development in higher education,and enhance the level of humanity education in universities has played an important role in social education.Thereby,the paper puts forward a brand-new model to integrate thinking out of the box initiatives and multi-cultures,which is valuable to write a new chapter for the humanity higher education.

中国广东家蚕微粒子孢子在Antheraea eucalypti细胞系的感染增殖

将中国广东的Ｎｏｓｅｍａ ｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ ＣＧＳ，用０２ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＯＨ 处理后，接种感染Ａ．ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｉ 细胞系。孢子的发芽率达８７％ ，在Ａ．ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｉ 细胞初期感染率为２７ ％ 。发育各阶段具２ 核，可观察到短极丝孢子和二次感染体形成，孢子芽母细胞按二分裂形成２ 个双核的孢子芽，具典型 Ｎｏｓｅｍａ 属特征。Ｎｏｓｅｍａｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ ＣＧＳ 生物学特性、血清学类型与日本Ｎｏｓｅｍａ ｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ ＮＩＳ００１ 大致相同，但孢子大小、裂殖体的形态、在Ａ．ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｉ 细胞寄生的细胞感染率、每个细胞的产孢数，２ 种微孢子虫却有差异。

Efficient Micropropagation of Chestnut Hybrids(Castanea spp.)Using Modified Woody Plant Medium and Zeatin Riboside

The chestnuts genus(Castanea spp.)is comprised of economically important trees native to the Northern hemisphere that are used as food and hardwood timber.Here,a very efficient method for micropropagation of European×Japanese chestnut hybrids(Castanea sativa×C.crenata)is described.Woody Plant Medium was used as the basal medium.In vitro shoots of four rootstock cultivars were micropropagated without shoot-tip necrosis on multiplication medium containing 5.7 or 11.4μmol·L^(−1)zeatin riboside,and were rooted on rooting medium containing 2.46μmol·L^(−1)indolebutyric acid.Monthly shootmultiplication rates for each cultivarwere 2–5 folds.In vitro rooting percentages for four cultivars were 87%for‘Maraval’,67%for‘Marigoule’,93%for‘Marsol’,and 97%for‘Précoce Migoule’.Within a 5 week period,80%–95%of rooted shoots were successfully acclimated under high humidity conditions after they were planted in either soil or rockwool.

A BIOREACTOR FOR TWO-STAGE MULTIPLE SHOOT CULTURE OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS

1 INTRODUCTIONThe production of commercially important indole alkaloid from tissue culture of C.roseus hasbeen a major objective of research carried out worldwide[1].Of primary importance has beenthe production of catharanthine and vindoline which can be used as precursor for thesynthesis of commercially important antineoplastic agents,vinblastine and vincristine.

Effects of EMS Treatments on Multiplication and Differentiation of Sugarcane Embryonic Cell Clusters

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of EMS （ethyl methane sulfonate） treatments on multiplication and differentiation of sugarcane embryonic cell clusters. [ Method] Sugarcane variety Xintaitang 22 （ROC22） was used as the experimental material. After treated with different concentrations of EMS for different time, sugarcane embryonic cell clusters were collected for subculture, differentiation and rooting, to compare and analyze the correlation of differ- ent EMS treatments with the muhiplicafion and differentiation of sugarcane embryonic cell clusters. [ Result] Treating ROC22 embryonic cell clusters with 0. 10% -0.15% EMS for4-6 h led to the best results, which reached the level of semi-lethal dose. Sugarcane embryonic cell clusters treated with EMS were adopted for subculture; results indicated that browning rate of cell clusters was higher than that in control （CK） but embryonic structure proportion was lower than that in control ; in addition, multiplication multiple of sugarcane embryonic cell clusters was also lower than that in control. After treated with EMS, sugarcane em- bryonic cell clusters exhibited significantly lower bud differentiation rate and higher browning rate compared with control. Furthermore, treating sugarcane embryonic cell clusters with 0.15% EMS for 2 h was conducive to plantlet emergence and rooting of sugarcane embryonic cell clusters. [ Conclusion] This study provided the- oretical basis for effective mutagenesis of sugarcane using EMS.

A CLASS OF BAND-LIMITED CHIP WAVEFORMS FOR DS-CDMA SYSTEMS

In Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) systems,the chip wave-form affects the implementation,system bandwidth,envelope uniformity,eye pattern and Multiple user Access Interference (MAI). In this paper,based on an elementary density function of a second order polynomial,a class of second order continuity pulses is proposed. From this class of pulses,we can find some members having faster decaying rate,bigger eye opening,more uniform envelope and stronger anti-MAI capability than the Nyquist waveform. The normalized-bandwidth-pulse-shape-factor product,the decaying rate of the tail of the time waveform,the opening of the eye diagram,and the envelope uniformity of the second order continuity pulses are addressed in the paper that provide the basic information for the selection of the chip pulse for CDMA systems.

Effects of Taxotere on invasive potential and multidrug resistance phenotype in pancreatic carcinoma cell line SUIT-2

INTRODUCTIONDevelopment of drug-resistance to chemotherapyand subsequent metastasis of tumor are primarilyresponsible for treatment failure and the death fromcancer. There have been many previous studies onthe relationship between expression of multidrugresistance (MDR) phenotype P-glycoprotein (P-gp)and the malignant properties of tumors, but theresults are often conflicting[1-8]. The difference intumor types or MDR phenotype induced by specificagents might account for this discrepancy. Taxotere(TXT), a member of the family of taxanes, hasantitumor activity through its effect of promotingthe polymerization of tubulin[9,10].

“人机物”三元融合视角下公共文化空间探讨

推动文化事业繁荣发展是落实习近平总书记的重要指示,践行习近平文化思想的重要任务之一。习近平总书记强调“‘人机物’三元融合”,为我们理解新时代文化事业提供了全新视角。习近平总书记关于信息技术拓展时间和空间的重要思想内涵丰富,是繁荣发展新时代文化事业的重要遵循。推动文化事业繁荣发展,要与时俱进,必须进一步完善实体公共文化空间,优化网络公共文化空间,建设好以生成式人工智能为基础的新型公共文化空间,在技术进步基础上勇于改革创新,实现多重公共文化空间融合发展,在建设社会主义文化强国、建设中华民族现代文明的奋斗和实践中展现新气象新作为。

国家公园生态系统文化服务多元利益主体认知比较——基于实证调查分析

探明不同利益主体对生态系统文化服务(CES)的价值认知,对于实现国家公园生态系统的科学管理具有重要理论价值与现实意义。以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例,基于建立的CES评价指标体系,通过1073份有效调查问卷分析,探明居民、管理人员、游客等多元核心利益主体对CES的认知,并在此基础上,利用熵值法与综合模糊评价法对国家公园CES重要性与水平进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)居民和管理人员都对生态改善服务的价值认知最高,具有一定趋同性;而游客则对保健服务认知程度最高(2.44),这与其旅行目的相关。居民、管理人员与游客认知程度最低的CES分别是系统治理(1.89)、民俗文化普及(2.12)、精神崇拜(1.86)服务。(2)在重要性方面,3类主体均认为人文关怀服务>自然体验服务>社会服务,在具体指标层面,居民最看重民俗文化普及服务(0.1355)、管理人员和游客最看重精神崇拜服务。(3)3类主体对CES认知评价排序为管理人员(4.24)>游客(4.11)>居民(3.99),管理人员与居民分别作为重要的政策制定执行者与利益获得者,体现了不同政策参与主体利益需求对CES认知评价的驱动作用。(4)CES认知的权衡关系主要体现在管理人员,居民与游客的CES认知为协同关系。协同性最强的CES是管理人员对于生态改善和艺术灵感服务的认知、权衡性最强的是荒野保护与科普教育服务之间的认知。CES认知与不同主体的内在利益需求和自身认知难易程度有关,研究结果将为国家公园政策制定提供参考。

白城山新1号杨增殖培养试验

为筛选出白城山新1号杨最佳增殖培养基配方,本试验采用正交试验法经组织培养对其进行繁育,以MS培养基为基础配方,将6-BA质量浓度、NAA质量浓度、大量元素含量、蔗糖质量浓度分别设置5个水平进行试验。经回归分析,确定MS+6-BA 0.30 mg·L^(-1)+NAA 0.05 mg·L^(-1)+蔗糖20.00 g·L^(-1)为白城山新1号杨组培增殖培养基优化配方。

价值共创促进葡萄酒文旅深度融合探究——以贺兰山东麓为例

葡萄酒文旅融合是以葡萄酒产业为核心的文化旅游融合的实践,其实质是葡萄酒文化旅游产业为主导下的多元主体参与的价值共创过程。随着消费升级和文旅融合推进,葡萄酒文化旅游发展需要优化利益相关者之间的互动机制,这就离不开对价值共创的解读。该文以价值共创理论为基础,结合宁夏贺兰山东麓的案例,对价值共创与葡萄酒文旅融合的关系、价值共创推动葡萄酒文旅深度融合的内在逻辑和作用机理进行分析,在此基础上对贺兰山东麓葡萄酒文旅深度融合提出策略建议。该研究有助于调整供需关系,探索中国葡萄酒文旅深度融合的实践路径,助力葡萄酒文旅产业高质量发展。