Second-Order Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Computing Exactly Response Sensitivities to Uncertain Parameters and Boundaries of Linear Systems: Mathematical Framework

This work presents the “Second-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology (2nd-CASAM)” for the efficient and exact computation of 1st- and 2nd-order response sensitivities to uncertain parameters and domain boundaries of linear systems. The model’s response (i.e., model result of interest) is a generic nonlinear function of the model’s forward and adjoint state functions, and also depends on the imprecisely known boundaries and model parameters. In the practically important particular case when the response is a scalar-valued functional of the forward and adjoint state functions characterizing a model comprising N parameters, the 2nd-CASAM requires a single large-scale computation using the First-Level Adjoint Sensitivity System (1st-LASS) for obtaining all of the first-order response sensitivities, and at most N large-scale computations using the Second-Level Adjoint Sensitivity System (2nd-LASS) for obtaining exactly all of the second-order response sensitivities. In contradistinction, forward other methods would require (N2/2 + 3 N/2) large-scale computations for obtaining all of the first- and second-order sensitivities. This work also shows that constructing and solving the 2nd-LASS requires very little additional effort beyond the construction of the 1st-LASS needed for computing the first-order sensitivities. Solving the equations underlying the 1st-LASS and 2nd-LASS requires the same computational solvers as needed for solving (i.e., “inverting”) either the forward or the adjoint linear operators underlying the initial model. Therefore, the same computer software and “solvers” used for solving the original system of equations can also be used for solving the 1st-LASS and the 2nd-LASS. Since neither the 1st-LASS nor the 2nd-LASS involves any differentials of the operators underlying the original system, the 1st-LASS is designated as a “first-level” (as opposed to a “first-order”) adjoint sensitivity system, while the 2nd-LASS is designated as a “second-level” (rather than a “second-order”) adjoint sensitivity system. Mixed second-order response sensitivities involving boundary parameters may arise from all source terms of the 2nd-LASS that involve the imprecisely known boundary parameters. Notably, the 2nd-LASS encompasses an automatic, inherent, and independent “solution verification” mechanism of the correctness and accuracy of the 2nd-level adjoint functions needed for the efficient and exact computation of the second-order sensitivities.

An Approach to Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery Using the Second-Order Statistical Features of Thermal Images and Simplified Fuzzy ARTMAP

Thermal image, or thermogram, becomes a new type of signal for machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis due to the capability to display real-time temperature distribution and possibility to indicate the machine’s operating condition through its temperature. In this paper, an investigation of using the second-order statistical features of thermogram in association with minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature selection and simplified fuzzy ARTMAP (SFAM) classification is conducted for rotating machinery fault diagnosis. The thermograms of different machine conditions are firstly preprocessed for improving the image contrast, removing noise, and cropping to obtain the regions of interest (ROIs). Then, an enhanced algorithm based on bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition is implemented to further increase the quality of ROIs before the second-order statistical features are extracted from their gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The highly relevant features to the machine condition are selected from the total feature set by mRMR and are fed into SFAM to accomplish the fault diagnosis. In order to verify this investigation, the thermograms acquired from different conditions of a fault simulator including normal, misalignment, faulty bearing, and mass unbalance are used. This investigation also provides a comparative study of SFAM and other traditional methods such as back-propagation and probabilistic neural networks. The results show that the second-order statistical features used in this framework can provide a plausible accuracy in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.

Cyberattack Ramifications, The Hidden Cost of a Security Breach

In this in-depth exploration, I delve into the complex implications and costs of cybersecurity breaches. Venturing beyond just the immediate repercussions, the research unearths both the overt and concealed long-term consequences that businesses encounter. This study integrates findings from various research, including quantitative reports, drawing upon real-world incidents faced by both small and large enterprises. This investigation emphasizes the profound intangible costs, such as trade name devaluation and potential damage to brand reputation, which can persist long after the breach. By collating insights from industry experts and a myriad of research, the study provides a comprehensive perspective on the profound, multi-dimensional impacts of cybersecurity incidents. The overarching aim is to underscore the often-underestimated scope and depth of these breaches, emphasizing the entire timeline post-incident and the urgent need for fortified preventative and reactive measures in the digital domain.

Development of Orthographic Awareness, Morphological Awareness and Rapid Automatized Naming of Elementary-level Students in China： A Longitudinal Analysis from Grades 1 to 4

The longitudinal study sought to examine the dynamic development of cognitive skills for reading among elementary-level students in China's Mainland. Two groups of students in first （n=164, mean age=6.65 years at first test） and second grade （n=202, mean age=7.73 years at first test） were followed on orthographic awareness, morphological awareness and rapid automatized naming （RAN） for two years. The children exhibited significant improvement in orthographic awareness, morphological awareness and RAN from grades 1 to 4. More importantly, to the orthographic and morphological awareness, while the children took a leap from grade 1 to 2 and grade 3 to 4, the progress developed at relatively slow rates from grade 2 to 3. In order to assure children＇s development of orthographic and morphological awareness, evidence-based orthographically and morphologically enhanced instruction is needed for Chinese children in the early elementary years, especially for those at the stage from grade 2 to 3.

Local geoid modeling in the central part of Java, Indonesia, using terrestrial-based gravity observations

The Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)positioning method has been significantly developed in geodetic surveying.However,the height obtained through GNSS observations is given in a geodetic height system that needs to be converted to orthometric height for engineering applications.Information on geoid height,which can be calculated using the global geopotential mode,is required to convert such GNSS observations into orthometric height.However,its accuracy is still insufficient for most engineering purposes.Therefore,a reliable geoid model is essential,especially in areas growing fast,e.g.,the central part of Java,Indonesia.In this study,we modeled the local geoid model in the central part of Java,Indonesia,using terrestrial-based gravity observations.The Stokes'formula with the second Helmert's condensation method under the Remove-Compute-Restore approach was implemented to model the geoid.The comparison between our best-performing geoid model and GNSS/leveling observations showed that the standard deviation of the geoid height differences was estimated to be 4.4 cm.This geoid result outperformed the commonly adopted global model of EGM2008 with the estimated standard deviation of geoid height differences of 10.7 cm.

The Contribution Margin due to a Limiting Factor in the Presence of Several Sales Options: Actuality Is Not Always As It Appears at the Beginning of the Analysis

The analysis of company data useful for economic decisions,if not interpreted in an overall view of the company situation,can lead to wrong conclusions.This is the case when a company has to choose between several sales options for one or more products in the presence of a limiting factor.The continuation of the investigation often denies the initial analysis.Not everything is as it appears,therefore,at the beginning of the deepening of the data useful for economic decisions.As it is well known,the choices of profitability concerning the planning of the sale of company products take place,at least in the majority of cases,through the determination of the contribution margin,i.e.the profitability margin connected to the individual goods/services sold by the companies(selling price net of variable costs).The contribution margin can be determined with four objectives:(1)Determination of the yield of the single product,net of variable costs only.In this case,the margin defines unitary,from net product yield to unitary contribution margin.(2)Determination of the return on total sales of an individual product,net of variable costs.In this hypothesis,reference is made to the first level(or gross)contribution margin.(3)Determination of the ability of the individual product to contribute to the coverage of fixed costs common to the company.This margin is determined net of special product variable and fixed costs.This aggregate is defined as a Level II(or semi-gross)margin.(4)Determination of the useful value in the planning choices in case of presence of scarce productive factors.In this case,it must identify the so-called unitary margin for low factor.Here we will only deal with the problem of the use of the contribution margin in the presence of rare factors.To complete the analysis,below are some very brief considerations regarding,respectively,the unitary,level I,and level II contribution margin in order to better understand where the problem of the most convenient choice of income is located in the event of the presence of rare production factors,especially in an environment characterized by a plurality of sales options.

Segmented second algorithm of empirical mode decomposition

A new algorithm, named segmented second empirical mode decomposition （EMD） algorithm, is proposed in this paper in order to reduce the computing time of EMD and make EMD algorithm available to online time-frequency analysis. The original data is divided into some segments with the same length. Each segment data is processed based on the principle of the first-level EMD decomposition. The algorithm is compared with the traditional EMD and results show that it is more useful and effective for analyzing nonlinear and non-stationary signals.

精密三角高程测量系统TriLevel在青海地区的应用

精密三角高程测量利用两台高精度测量机器人对向观测,大大削弱大气折光的影响,并且无须量取仪器高和棱镜高,避免了该项测量带来的误差,能够达到国家二等水准测量精度的要求。对精密三角高程测量方法进行研究,利用C++编程语言开发了精密三角高程测量系统TriLevel,该系统基于地理数据通信接口(GEOCOM)与测量机器人进行通讯,实现精密三角高程自动化测量和质量控制。通过在青海地区开展实际工程应用,与二等水准测量结果进行对比,结果表明:该系统能够达到二等水准测量精度要求,且工作效率有很大的提高。应用成果对类似高程传递测量具有一定的借鉴意义。

An improvement of Chen-Ru-Yan's degenerated second main theorem

We give an improvement for the second main theorem of algebraically non-degenerate holomorphic curves into a complex projective variety V intersecting hypersurfaces in subgeneral position, obtained by Chen et al.(2012). An explicit estimate for the truncation level is also obtained in the projective normal case.

Application of Central Composite Design to Optimize Spawns Propagation

Despite the increased recognition of the nutritional value of the Oyster mushroom, coupled with its ability to tolerate a wide range of climatic conditions, its production is still at infancy stage with low adoption rate in Kenya. The low uptake could be attributed to the cost of spawns or lack of skills for spawns preparations coupled with poor knowledge on oyster mushroom consumption benefits. The objective of this study was to optimize Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) spawns production. To achieve the objective, the spawns propagation was optimized by varying the temperature level, sterilization time and culture media concentration in order to establish the feasible levels which minimized the days of mycelium full development using central composite designs. Based on the study findings, 26.29˚C, 17.36 minutes and 60.95 g/L of temperature level, sterilization time and culture media concentration levels respectively minimized the days to full coverage of mycelium in a petri dish. Central composite designs for controlling temperature, sterilization time and culture media concentration were recommended for spawns maximum production. A further research on multiple response optimizations aimed at achieving resistance to bacterial diseases and yield by varying the strain in the culture were recommended.

A Study of Vocabulary Teaching in Junior Comprehensive TCSL Courses

Vocabulary teaching is an integral part of teaching Chinese as a second language(TCSL).Based on a collection and analysis of words that foreign students at the junior level usually get wrong,①this paper suggests that TCSL teachers should make sure that new words in textbooks are explained accurately and foresee the words that students may misunderstand during vocabulary teaching.In addition to conceptual meanings,they should analyze and explain affiliated meanings,grammatical functions,and common collocations with other words through typical sentence examples.They should also pay attention to the potential role played by the semantic transparency of words in understanding,acquiring,and selecting the meanings of such words.The teaching of separable words should focus on their pragmatic forms.Simple conversations can be made to strengthen students’memorization,while quantifiers can be taught via their etymology to help students develop a reasonable understanding of the collocation rules between quantifiers and corresponding nouns.

高校院级分析测试平台构建与管理探讨

仪器设备使用与管理的信息化是当前高校院所实现开放共享服务的重要途径。结合以江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室为依托的环境科学与工程学院分析测试平台预约系统的构建案例,介绍了系统的构建思路、组成模块、运行方式及管理模式等内容,介绍了院级仪器设备管理平台现状、院级分析测试系统的构建、管理运行模式探索等内容。院级系统的建立实现了对校级仪器设备信息化管理的补充,实现了不同教研室和科研课题组对仪器使用与管理的细化,有效促进了科研基础设施和仪器设备共享使用的全面化施行。

基于词汇增强和对抗训练的中文命名实体识别

针对现有的中文命名实体识别的方法获取中文词级别的特征信息效果不理想且模型易受噪音影响而存在不稳定的问题,提出一种基于词汇增强和对抗训练的中文命名实体识别方法。将输入文本通过词汇增强模块获取到词汇向量,将预训练模型得到的字符级嵌入向量和词汇向量进行字词融合;使用字词融合的嵌入向量通过MOA方式生成对抗样本;使用BiGRU和CRF分别获取语义编码信息并进行解码得到预测结果。实验结果表明,该方法在中文命名实体识别数据集Resume和中药说明书上的F1值分别达到97.14%和73.65%,验证了该模型的有效性。

随机误差传递的高空气象秒级数据快速校验方法

【目的】为保证气象预报结果的准确性。【方法】提出了考虑随机误差传递的高空气象秒级数据快速校验方法。对高空气象秒级数据进行预处理,包括数据中心化处理、特征点提取。数据中心化的处理方式为实施各组数据的加权平均处理,获得新的数据组作为基准数据;特征点提取使用的处理方法为遍历法,需要遍历全部数据点。考虑数据获取过程中的随机误差传递情况,对预处理后的高空气象秒级数据实施空间一致性检查、内部一致性检查。应用集合经验模态分解EEMD(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition)算法与对比源反演CSI(Contrast Source Inversion)算法构建基于CSI-EEMD的高空气象秒级数据快速校验模型,实施数据得到快速校验。【结果】测试结果表明,该方法能够实现4个气象站数据的快速校验,校验结果的均方根误差与平均绝对误差均低于0.1,实现了数据的质量控制。【结论】将该方法应用于气象站数据校验中,可以实现精准度的数据校验,具有一定的实用价值。

国民政府审判日军将官战犯名单考订

抗战胜利后中国在各地设置10个军事法庭审判日本战犯,其中审判日军将官战犯情况是抗日战争研究的一项基本数据,尚无完整准确结论。最新文献《大审判:国民政府处置日本战犯实录》公布一份“已判决日军将级战犯41人名单”,本文对此进行详细辨析、改正,整理成审判日军将官战犯39人名单,详列战犯个人资料、履历,并作简要统计分析。

二级教代会推进高校全过程人民民主的探索——以浙江某高校为例

高校二级教职工代表大会是高校依法保障教职工参与二级单位的民主管理和监督,促进高等学校依法治校的重要内容。党的二十大报告强调“基层民主是全过程人民民主的重要体现”,更显现了高校二级教职工代表大会在推进高校全过程人民民主中的作用和意义。文章通过问卷结合访谈进行调研,分析了现状及存在问题,提出了促进二级教职工代表大会的相应对策。

农村居民数字素养水平对城乡收入差距的影响研究

基于2020年长江经济带八个省市(除上海、云南、贵州)的县级横截面数据,从二级数字鸿沟视角出发,以农村居民数字素养水平为着力点,从直接效应和间接效应两个角度,实证分析农村居民数字素养水平对城乡收入差距的影响效应。结果表明:农村居民数字素养水平提升不仅能通过提高农村居民收入对缩小城乡收入差距产生直接的积极影响,还可通过弥合二级数字鸿沟间接对缩小城乡收入差距产生积极影响,其中介效应占2.63%,且分样本回归后的结果依旧显著。因此,可通过全面提升农村居民数字素养水平、鼓励农村居民数字化创新创业等路径提高农村居民收入,缩小城乡收入差距。

考虑电压-无功调节的台区互联装置规划方法

伴随分布式能源广泛接入低压配电网,其对配电网运行灵活性和消纳能力的要求不断提高。利用低压柔性互联装置将独立运行的低压配电台区分区互联,避免传统电压调节和无功补偿装置频繁动作。考虑到柔性互联装置造价昂贵,协同传统电压-无功调节装置,文中提出低压柔性互联装置的选址定容规划方法。首先,分析低压柔性互联装置拓扑和运行方式,建立其潮流模型。其次,建立低压柔性互联装置优化配置的双层规划模型,上层规划以年综合费用最小为目标,下层规划考虑电压-无功协调控制时间序列模型,以运行成本和电压偏差最小为目标,基于粒子群优化算法和混合整数二阶锥规划算法交替求解,得出配电系统最优柔性互联方案和最优运行方式。最后,在IEEE 33节点系统上进行实例分析,验证该双层规划算法的有效性。结果表明,所提方法能有效减少柔性互联装置的过度布置,同时减少由分布式能源频繁波动造成的运行成本。将模型凸化并线性化的方法明显提高了求解效率。

中文创意写作的学科内涵、实现路径与拓展方向

2024年初发布的《研究生教育学科专业简介及其学位基本要求(试行版)》将中文创意写作新增为中国语言文学一级学科下的二级学科,这标志着历经15年的中国创意写作本土化建设取得阶段性成果。中文创意写作学科的主要目标是培养学生的中文写作能力,有低阶、高阶和学术三个方面的具体目标。要实现这些目标,应实现“四个结合”,即中文专业教育滋养与通识教育的涵养的结合,创造力的激发、养成和拓展与创意思维的训练的结合,分体专门化教学和高强度写作训练的结合,课内教学同广泛的写作社会实践的结合。为促进中文创意写作在新时代新阶段的新发展,需要建设中文创意写作人才培养的优质教学资源,建立符合硕士、博士层次的人才招生条件、培养体系和学位标准,在学术型人才培养的基础上加快推进专业学位教育的突破,借助创意写作回归并实现文学教育和文学生活的初心。

基于L波段探空观测的FY-4A云顶温度产品评估及其在冬季降水相态判识中的应用

利用2019—2021年冬季上海宝山站L波段探空资料对FY-4A云顶温度(CTT)产品进行评估,分析发现,FY-4A的云顶温度产品能够较好地反映单层云的云顶温度,对双层云或多层云的云顶温度则普遍高估(平均高估幅度超过14℃);当探空观测到的云顶高度不超过6 km或云顶温度不低于-20℃时,FY-4A云顶温度产品误差较小,平均偏差约为3℃。根据2021—2022年冬季长三角地区地面站观测的降水现象统计云顶温度与降水相态的关系,并对典型个例进行分析,结果表明,云顶温度低是出现降雪的必要条件之一,绝大部分降雪出现在云顶温度低于-12℃的情况下。FY-4A的云顶温度产品时空分辨率高、精度尚可,可以辅助预报员判识雨雪落区,在雨雪转换过程的预报服务中有较大的应用潜力。