Effect of continuous negative pressure water supply on the growth, development and physiological mechanism of Capsicum annuum L.

Effects of continuous negative pressure water supply on water consumption, growth and development, as well as physiological mechanism and quality of Capsicum annuum L. were investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the optimal negative pressure water supply conditions for growth of C. annuum L. were screened out to achieve the goals of water conservation, high yield and high quality, thus providing theoretical foundation for its field production. The pot experiment within the greenhouse was utilized; the continuous negative pressure water supply was adopted; the four treatments, artificial watering（CK）, –5 k Pa（T1）, –10 k Pa（T2）, and –15 k Pa（T3） were set; and the daily water consumption, yield, as well as the biomass, nitrate reductase, root activity, vitamin C, capsaicin, and nutrient uptakes of nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） during various stages of its growth were determined. Compared with CK, when the water supply pressure was controlled at –5 to –15 k Pa in the experiment, the total water consumption of C. annuum L. reduced by 53.42 to 67.75%, the total water consumption intensity reduced by 54.29 to 67.14%, and the water use efficiency increased by 12.66 to 124.67%. The N accumulation in a single strain of C. annuum L. from the color turning stage to the red ripe stage increased by 15.99 to 100.55%, respectively, compared with that of CK; the P accumulation increased by 20.47 to 154.00% relative to that of CK, and the K accumulation increased by 64.92 to 144.9% compared with that of CK. Compared with CK, C. annuum L. yield was remarkably improved by 13.79% at T1, and contents of vitamin C, capsaicin as well as carotenoids at all growth stages were enhanced by 13.42–147.01%, 11.54–71.01%, and 41.1–568.06%, respectively. Nitrate reductase activity, root activity and chlorophyll（a＋b） were markedly increased by 335.78–500%, 79.6–140.68% and 114.95–676.19%, respectively, from immature stage to full ripe stage. Adopting the continuous negative pressure water supply for C. annuum L. has a significant water-saving effect, and the water supply pressure being stable at –5 k Pa contributes to its growth and development, improves yield, enhances root activity, promotes nutrient uptake, and improves its quality, thus achieving the effects of water conservation, high yield, high quality and high efficiency.

Unveiling the Predictive Capabilities of Machine Learning in Air Quality Data Analysis: A Comparative Evaluation of Different Regression Models

Air quality is a critical concern for public health and environmental regulation. The Air Quality Index (AQI), a widely adopted index by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), serves as a crucial metric for reporting site-specific air pollution levels. Accurately predicting air quality, as measured by the AQI, is essential for effective air pollution management. In this study, we aim to identify the most reliable regression model among linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), logistic regression, and K-nearest neighbors (KNN). We conducted four different regression analyses using a machine learning approach to determine the model with the best performance. By employing the confusion matrix and error percentages, we selected the best-performing model, which yielded prediction error rates of 22%, 23%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, for LDA, QDA, logistic regression, and KNN models. The logistic regression model outperformed the other three statistical models in predicting AQI. Understanding these models' performance can help address an existing gap in air quality research and contribute to the integration of regression techniques in AQI studies, ultimately benefiting stakeholders like environmental regulators, healthcare professionals, urban planners, and researchers.

Estimation of the Biological Methods of Assessing Soil N-Supplying Capacity in Calcareous Soil

Although many biological methods are used to determine soil nitrogen supplying capacity, there are certain differences in the results for different types of soils and various ways of measurement due to the complexity of soil N conformation, the high variance of soil and microorganism, and the difference of environment. Therefore, it is not clear about which biologic incubation method is better for calcareous soil. In this study, pot experiments were performed by using 25 different calcareous surface soil samples on the Loess Plateau and taking the N uptake of wheat and corn with leaching soil initial nitrate and without leaching in pot experiments as the control to investigate the difference of eight biological incubation methods for reflecting soil nitrogen supply capacity. The eight biological methods are waterlogged incubation, aerobic incubation for 2 weeks and for 4 weeks, dry-wet alternation aerobic incubation for 2 weeks, long-term alternate leaching aerobic incubation （and N mineralization potential, No）, short-term leaching aerobic incubation, microbial biomass carbon （Bc）, and microbial biomass nitrogen （BN） method, respectively. Among these methods, the dry-wet alternation aerobic incubation and aerobic incubation for 4 weeks were the modification of the method of aerobic incubation for 2 weeks according to the actual farmland moisture. The results showed that the correlation coefficients between these methods and crop uptake N with leaching soil initial nitrate were 0.530, 0.700, 0.777, 0.768, 0.764 （and 0.790, No）, 0.650, 0.555, and 0.465, respectively （r0.05 = 0.369, r0.0l = 0.505）. While without leaching soil initial nitrate, their coefficients were 0.351, 0.963, 0.962, 0.959, 0.825 （and0.812, No）, 0.963, 0.289, and 0.095, respectively （r0.05 = 0.369, r0.01 = 0.505）. In conclusion, excluding the soil initial nitrate, the correlation coefficients between the eight methods and crop uptake N were, from high to low, N0, aerobic incubation for 4 weeks, dry-wet alternation aerobic incubation for 2 weeks, and long-term alternate leaching aerobic incubation, while including the soil initial nitrate the correlation coefficients between them increased significantly and the values were all beyond 0.950 for these four methods, including aerobic incubation for 2 weeks and for 4 weeks, dry-wet alternation aerobic incubation for 2 weeks and short-term leaching aerobic incubation. The waterlogged incubation method, Bc and BN in the calcareous soil, had lower correlation coefficient with crop uptake nitrogen compared with other methods. Thus, dry-wet alternation aerobic incubation for 2 weeks was a better index for evaluating calcareous soil N supply capacity due to some other methods having disadvantages and not suitable for the actual farmland characteristics.

Drinking water quality & health risk assessment of secondary water supply systems in residential neighborhoods

Secondary water supply systems(SWSSs)are important components of the water supply infrastructure that ensure residents’drinking water safety.SWSSs are characterized by long detention time,warm temperature,and unreasonable management,which may trigger the deterioration of water quality and increase risks.In this study,drinking water quality index(DWQI)and health risk assessment(HRA)were selected and modified to quantitatively assess the water quality and health risks of SWSSs in residential neighborhoods.In total,121 seasonal water samples were selected.It was observed that the water quality was excellent with the DWQI of 0.14±0.04,excluding one sample,which was extremely poor owing to its excessive total bacterial count.The HRA results revealed that the health risks were low:negligible non-carcinogenic risk for any population;negligible and acceptable carcinogenic risk for children aged 6–17 and adults.However,samples revealed higher carcinogenic risk(7.63×10−5±3.29×10−6)for children aged 0–5,and arsenic was the major substance.Summer samples had poor water quality and higher health risks,which called for attention.To further investigate the water quality and health risks of SWSSs,monthly sampling was conducted during summer.All 24 water samples were qualified in Chinese standard(GB 5749-2022)and characterized as excellent quality.Their HRA results were consistent with the seasonal samples’and the health risks were mainly concentrated in May.Overall,our study provides a suitable framework for water quality security,advice for managers,and references for administrators in other cities.

Assessing the influence of the minimum measured diameter on forest spatial patterns and nearest neighborhood relationships

Forest structure analysis is important for understanding the properties and development of a forest community,and its outcomes can be influenced by how trees are measured in sampled plots.Although there is a general consensus on the height at which tree diameter should be measured[1.3 m:diameter at breast height(DBH)],the minimum measureddiameter(MMD)often varies in different studies.In this study,we assumed that the outcomes of forest structure analysis can be influenced by MMD and,to this end,we applied g(r)function and stand spatial structural parameters(SSSPs)to investigate how different MMDs affect forest spatial structure analysis in two pine-oak mixed forests(30 and 57 years old)in southwest China and one old-growth oak forest(>120years old)from northwest China.Our results showed that 1)MMD was closely related to the distribution patterns of forest trees.Tree distribution patterns at each observational scale(r=0-20 m)tended tobecome random as the MMD increased.The older the community,the earlier this random distribution pattern appeared.2)As the MMD increased,neighboring trees became more regularly distributed around a reference tree.In most cases,however,nearest neighbors of a reference tree were randomly distributed.3)Tree species mingling decreased with increasing diameter,but it decreased slowly in older forests.4)No correlations can be found between individual tree size differentiation and MMD.We recommend that comparisons of spatial structures between communities would be more effective if using a unified MMD criterion.

Method of Electricity Supply Reliability Need Assessment for Multi-type Power Users Area

With electric power outage influence on different type users analyzed, indexes for assessing supply reliability need level is designed. Based on fuzzy evaluation method, a regional power supply reliability level assessment method which utilizes qualitative data is presented.

Assessment of the State of Forests Based on Joint Statistical Processing of Sentinel-2B Remote Sensing Data and the Data from Network of Ground-Based ICP-Forests Sample Plots

The research was carried out on the territory of the Karelian Isthmus of the Leningrad Region using Sentinel-2B images and data from a network of ground sample plots. The ground sample plots are located in the studied territory mainly in a regular manner, laid and surveyed according to the ICP-Forests methodology with some additions. The total area of the sample plots is a small part of the entire study area. One of the objectives of the study was to determine the possibility of using the k-NN (nearest neighbor method) to assess the state of forests throughout the whole studied territory by joint statistical processing of data from ground sample plots and Sentinel-2B imagery. The data of the ground-based sample plots were divided into 2 equal parts, one for the application of the k-NN method, the second for checking the results of the method application. The systematic error in determining the mean damage class of the tree stands on sample plots by the k-NN method turned out to be zero, the random error is equal to one point. These results offer a possibility to determine the state of the forest in the entire study area. The second objective of the study was to examine the possibility of using the short-wave vegetation index (SWVI) to assess the state of forests. As a result, a close statistically reliable dependence of the average score of the state of plantations and the value of the SWVI index was established, which makes it possible to use the established relationship to determine the state of forests throughout the studied territory. The joint use and statistical processing of remotely sensed data and ground-based test areas by the two studied methods make it possible to assess the state of forests throughout the large studied area within the image. The results obtained can be used to monitor the state of forests in large areas and design appropriate forestry protective measures.

Measuring Global Supply Chain Vulnerabilities Using Trade Network Analysis Method

With the trade network analysis method and bilateral country-product level trade data of 2017-2020,this paper reveals the overall characteristics and intrinsic vulnerabilities of China’s global supply chains.Our research finds that first,most global supply-chain-vulnerable products are from technology-intensive sectors.For advanced economies,their supply chain vulnerabilities are primarily exposed to political and economic alliances.In comparison,developing economies are more dependent on regional communities.Second,China has a significant export advantage with over 80%of highly vulnerable intermediate inputs relying on imports of high-end electrical,mechanical and chemical products from advanced economies or their multinational companies.China also relies on developing economies for the import of some resource products.Third,during the trade frictions from 2018 to 2019 and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic,there was a significant reduction in the supply chain vulnerabilities of China and the US for critical products compared with other products,which reflects a shift in the layout of critical product supply chains to ensure not just efficiency but security.China should address supply chain vulnerabilities by bolstering supply-side weaknesses,diversifying import sources,and promoting international coordination and cooperation.

考虑水质因素的供水管网抗震韧性评估

城市基础设施系统抗震韧性分析模型是评估城市防震减灾能力并指导震后恢复工作的重要依据。提出了耦合水力与水质模拟的供水管网抗震韧性评估模型。根据管道地震易损性模型和Monte Carlo模拟生成管网地震破坏场景,并采用动态重要度方法模拟管网震后修复过程。通过管网中余氯浓度的降低表示地震破坏对管网水质的负面影响,震后管网余氯浓度的变化取决于管道破坏引起的供水路径和水量的变化。采用震后余氯浓度未下降的用户节点供水量,作为管网系统水质性能评估指标。所提出的模型应用于2个不同布局的Benchmark案例管网。研究结果表明:管道破损处的水量漏失导致其上游管道的水流量增加、余氯浓度增大,下游管道的供水路径延长、余氯浓度减小。管网的水质韧性值往往低于水力韧性值,水力和水质韧性相对差异程度受到管网布局和运行规则的影响,文中案例管网水质和水力指标计算的抗震韧性损失指标的相对差异在17%~286%之间;运行规则复杂且含有调节水箱的管网,其水力和水质韧性的差异较大。

基于DEA-ESDA模型和Malmquist指数的我国卫生服务供给效率研究

[目的]分析我国卫生服务供给效率,为提高医疗卫生服务质量提供依据。[方法]基于我国2013-2021年31个省份卫生服务投入产出数据,运用DEA-BCC模型对数据进行静态分析;运用DEA-Malmquist方法进行动态分析;运用探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)研究空间分布特征。[结果]2013-2021年我国东部、中部地区卫生服务供给综合效率(VRS)值较高,东北地区、西部地区综合效率值较低;2021年综合效率均值为0.943,DEA非有效的省份有13个;全要素生产率下降主要由技术进步效率的下降导致;卫生服务供给效率具有显著空间负相关性,呈“低-高”“高-低”聚集。[结论]我国卫生服务供给效率普遍较低,不同地区间差距明显,卫生资源配置效率低,资源供给不均,存在技术“洼地”。各省需结合本地实际情况合理配置资源,充实人才队伍,鼓励技术创新,依托互联网信息技术,促进区域协同发展。

应用于供应链的区块链PBFT共识算法优化

目前,区块链在供应链领域中的应用越来越受到业界的广泛关注.但由于供应链中存在大量复杂性的事务,这给可信的主节点选取工作带来了挑战.因此,在机器学习分类算法与PBFT(practical Byzantine fault tolerance)共识算法的基础上,提出一种应用于供应链的区块链PBFT共识算法优化方法.对构建供应链与区块链的集成框架进行分析,根据供应链中参与共识的节点属性特征,运用K-近邻(K-nearest neighbors)来优化PBFT共识算法的主节点选取规则.实验结果表明,对共识节点进行信任评估分类可以较好地解决因视图切换所引发的效率问题,从而提升区块链的吞吐量、时延、容错性等共识性能,具有一定的实用性,也给区块链在其他行业的应用提供了思路.

产业链供应链可持续发展的评价指标体系设计研究

近年来,在全球对可持续发展的需求日益迫切的背景下,产业链供应链可持续发展也日益成为关注焦点。然而,评价指标体系作为产业链供应链可持续发展的重要内容,却很少受到关注。本文基于内外部驱动和制约因素视角,从文献出发设计初始指标体系,借助调研访谈修正和补充指标,提出产业链供应链可持续发展评价指标体系,并以企业真实数据为基础,采用模糊层次分析法(Fuzzy-AHP)对指标权重进行计算。结果表明,当前外部因素对产业链供应链可持续发展的影响程度最大,其中政府干预因素被视为关键指标。本文的研究结果可作为未来产业链供应链可持续发展评价研究的理论参考。

质量敏感指标联合阶段递进式护理应用于消毒供应室对器械合格及院内感染的影响

目的 对于消毒供应室采取质量敏感指标联合阶段递进式护理后对器械合格及院内感染的影响进行分析。方法 消毒供应室2022年度采取常规护理模式(对照组),2023年度采取质量敏感指标联合阶段递进式护理(研究组)。分别在每个年度随机选出4300件器械(器械包共计100包),对比合格率(回收、清洗、消毒灭菌、包装、发放)。在年度收治使用器械的患者中各选取100例,对比院内感染率。以消毒供应室工作人员为研究对象(10名),比较护理质量。比较对护理的满意度。结果 研究组回收、清洗、消毒灭菌、包装、发放合格率均比对照组更高(P <0.05)。研究组院内感染率比对照组低,但无明显差异(P> 0.05)。研究组比对照组护理质量好(P <0.05)。护理满意度两组更高的是研究组(P <0.05)。结论 消毒供应室采取质量敏感指标联合阶段递进式护理可以提高器械合格率,预防院内感染,护理质量提高,满意度高。

公共文化服务融入学前教育的可及性研究——基于广州市的样本

公共文化服务已经成为我国文化建设的重要内容和战略工程,而可及性是评价公共文化服务体系与其服务对象“适合度”的概念。本研究基于737名广州市幼儿园教师和行政人员的调研数据,建构了包含可获得性、可接近性、可接受性和可适合性四个维度的可及性评价框架,分析和评价公共文化服务体系与幼儿园师生需求及文化服务利用行为间的适合性。研究发现:公共文化服务机构与幼儿园供需双方均认可公共文化服务的教育价值,但公共文化服务职能未得到充分发挥,公共文化服务融入学前教育的可及性总体有待提升。其中,可获得性和可接近性是现阶段影响公共文化服务融入学前教育的基础条件;检索公共文化服务资源能力弱、缺乏实践运用能力成为制约幼儿园运用公共文化服务的重要原因。公共文化服机构扩能提质增效且提供精准供给,推动幼儿园常态化关注与运用公共文化服务,是提升公共文化服务与幼儿园师生需求间适合性的可选路径。

五里堠井田煤层气井单相水流阶段合理降幅的确定

为了确定煤层气井单相水流阶段的合理降幅,最大化地保证煤层气井的水压传播距离,以五里堠井田煤层气井为研究对象,对研究区地下水势进行计算,拟合得出地下水势与平均日产水量的关系;以研究区地下水势平均值为界限,将研究区地下水势分为高地下水势和低地下水势,分析了高地下水势区、低地下水势区煤层气井产水特征差异。基于地下水势、地层供液指数、单相水流阶段压裂液量返排率的关系,建立了单相水流阶段合理降幅数学模型,研究区排采数据验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,根据研究区地下水势差异性,预测了相应的单相水流阶段合理降幅范围。研究结果表明:研究区地下水势与平均日产水量为正相关关系,不同水势区煤层气井产水特征差异明显,其中,高地下水势区煤层气井排采初期日产水量增长迅速,排采中后期日产水量衰减明显;低地下水势区煤层气井排采初期日产水量增长较慢,排采中后期日产水量无明显变化。单相水流阶段,随着地下水势的增加,地层供液指数、压裂液返排率也随之增大;不同地下水势区域,单相流阶段合理降幅范围不同。研究区东北部及中部,单相水流阶段合理降幅范围为0.018~0.024 MPa/d;研究区西北部、南部,单相水流阶段合理降幅范围为0.007~0.017 MPa/d。该研究成果为未投产区及相似地质条件下煤层气井单相水流阶段排采制度的制定提供了借鉴与指导。

2024年中国能源经济指数研究与预测

国际局势风险增加,气候变化影响持续,中国能源经济发展受到多重外部因素干扰,能源安全保障形势复杂。为更好地应对能源行业转型发展的挑战与机遇,建立了三层次六维度能源经济指数体系,对包括15个能源子行业在内的中国能源经济发展现状进行监测。在此基础上,考虑地缘政治风险、“双碳”行动推进以及气候变化波动三个关键外部因素的不确定性影响,结合情景设计和基于粒子群优化算法的长短时记忆模型,对中国能源经济的未来发展进行预测。结果表明,2024年能源经济将成为宏观经济持续回升向好的强心剂,未来发展形势积极乐观。碳减排工作对能源经济的良性发展与风险抗性具有积极影响,能够在一定程度上抵消国际风险和气候风险的负面影响,应当积极推进碳减排工作的落实。高创新行业与保供行业处于优势地位,可优先投资,维持稳定性和提升自主性是能源行业发展主旋律。

基于节点相似性的二阶链路预测方法

复杂网络中基于节点相似性的链路预测算法通常根据两个节点之间的相似度,预测节点对之间是否存在链路。提出基于节点相似性的二阶链路预测方法,判别节点对之间是否存在未连接的节点,并补全节点对之间的二阶链路。同时,提出二阶链路预测指标,计算已知节点与其他并不存在链路的节点之间的相似性,并构建二阶可达网络保留原始网络中的二阶链路信息。实验结果表明,该方法能够在真实的网络数据中找到节点对之间的缺失节点,并补全可能存在的二阶链路。不同的链路预测指标在4个不同网络中的性能表现有所不同,所有实验中的最佳精确率达83.7%。

应用非线性KNN数据搜索的三维叠前自由表面多次波预测

自由表面多次波预测(SRMP)是自由表面多次波消除(SRME)以及成像的重要环节。SRME技术尽管有效,但理论上需要规则而密集的地震数据采集方式。然而实际炮点、检波点空间分布稀疏,地震数据不能满足SRME理论要求,常规的做法是在SRME之前将地震数据规则化。为了避免数据规则化环节,首先建立索引数据树管理三维叠前地震数据,并采用基于树形数据结构的非线性K近邻算法(KNN)从地震数据中实时搜索两道近似地震数据;然后利用动校—反动校消除实时搜索得到的近似地震道与实际地震道之间的旅行时误差;由以上两步获得单道孔径内任意向下反射点(DRP)所需要的两道地震数据用于SRMP。单道孔径内任意DRP均可由SRMP预测对应的多次波模型道,叠加所有DRP对应的预测结果可获得该道稳定的多次波模型数据。将该方法用于扩展的三维Pluto模型数据,结果表明该方法能有效预测三维自由表面多次波,从而保证高质量的自由表面多次波衰减结果。实际地震数据的应用证明了方法的实用性。

基于盲板的地板送风式数据中心热管理与能效案例研究

数据中心机房空调设备长期运行,每年需对其性能进行测试和评估,以确保安全高效运行。针对机架内服务器布局、盲板结构以及工况适应性进行实测,研究了封闭式冷通道地板下送风式数据中心的热环境;并通过热性能指标和能效指标,对该数据中心的安全性和能效进行了全年评估。结果表明:在冷通道中间区域推荐安装功率为2 kW以上的机架;机架间隙处安装盲板后,能够促进服务器内部冷气流循环,减少热气流的回流干扰,最大出口温度降低3.32℃,出口平均速度降低约24%;夏季工况时,该数据中心的PUE、WUE、CUE分别约为1.2、3.5、0.84,且WUE呈现出较强的季节性,冬季工况时,自由冷却可有效降低数据中心的能耗。此外,数据中心冷通道末端的机架过热问题显著,其中16个机架的机柜冷却指数均低于90%,热损失较高。