Modeling of multiphase flow in low permeability porous media:Effect of wettability and pore structure properties

Multiphase flow in low permeability porous media is involved in numerous energy and environmental applications.However,a complete description of this process is challenging due to the limited modeling scale and the effects of complex pore structures and wettability.To address this issue,based on the digital rock of low permeability sandstone,a direct numerical simulation is performed considering the interphase drag and boundary slip to clarify the microscopic water-oil displacement process.In addition,a dual-porosity pore network model(PNM)is constructed to obtain the water-oil relative permeability of the sample.The displacement efficiency as a recovery process is assessed under different wetting and pore structure properties.Results show that microscopic displacement mechanisms explain the corresponding macroscopic relative permeability.The injected water breaks through the outlet earlier with a large mass flow,while thick oil films exist in rough hydrophobic surfaces and poorly connected pores.The variation of water-oil relative permeability is significant,and residual oil saturation is high in the oil-wet system.The flooding is extensive,and the residual oil is trapped in complex pore networks for hydrophilic pore surfaces;thus,water relative permeability is lower in the water-wet system.While the displacement efficiency is the worst in mixed-wetting systems for poor water connectivity.Microporosity negatively correlates with invading oil volume fraction due to strong capillary resistance,and a large microporosity corresponds to low residual oil saturation.This work provides insights into the water-oil flow from different modeling perspectives and helps to optimize the development plan for enhanced recovery.

Three-dimensional spatial structure of the macro-pores and flow simulation in anthracite coal based on X-ray μ-CT scanning data

The three-dimensional(3 D) structures of pores directly affect the CH4 flow.Therefore,it is very important to analyze the3 D spatial structure of pores and to simulate the CH4 flow with the connected pores as the carrier.The result shows that the equivalent radius of pores and throats are 1-16 μm and 1.03-8.9 μm,respectively,and the throat length is 3.28-231.25 μm.The coordination number of pores concentrates around three,and the intersection point between the connectivity function and the X-axis is 3-4 μm,which indicate the macro-pores have good connectivity.During the single-channel flow,the pressure decreases along the direction of CH4 flow,and the flow velocity of CH4 decreases from the pore center to the wall.Under the dual-channel and the multi-channel flows,the pressure also decreases along the CH4 flow direction,while the velocity increases.The mean flow pressure gradually decreases with the increase of the distance from the inlet slice.The change of mean flow pressure is relatively stable in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane,while it is relatively large in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane.The mean flow velocity in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane(Y-axis) is the largest,followed by that in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane(X-axis),and the mean flow velocity in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane is the smallest.

Structure of Chinese City Network as Driven by Technological Knowledge Flows

Based on patent cooperation data,this study used a range of city network analysis approaches in order to explore the structure of the Chinese city network which is driven by technological knowledge flows.The results revealed the spatial structure,composition structure,hierarchical structure,group structure,and control structure of Chinese city network,as well as its dynamic factors.The major findings are:1) the spatial pattern presents a diamond structure,in which Wuhan is the central city;2) although the invention patent knowledge network is the main part of the broader inter-city innovative cooperation network,it is weaker than the utility model patent;3) as the senior level cities,Beijing,Shanghai and the cities in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta Region show a strong capability of both spreading and controlling technological knowledge;4) whilst a national technology alliance has preliminarily formed,regional alliances have not been adequately established;5) even though the cooperation level amongst weak connection cities is not high,such cities still play an important role in the network as a result of their location within ′structural holes′ in the network;and 6) the major driving forces facilitating inter-city technological cooperation are geographical proximity,hierarchical proximity and technological proximity.

Roles and Functions of Tourism Destinations in Tourism Region of South Anhui:A Tourist Flow Network Perspective

Theoretic and practical significance has been highlighted in the research of the roles and functions of destinations,as destinations are restricted by the spatial structure based on tourist flow network from the perspective of relationship.This article conducted an empirical analysis for Tourism Region of South Anhui(TRSA) and revealed the necessity and feasibility of studying the roles and functions of destinations from tourist flow network's perspective.The automorphic equivalence analysis and centrality analysis were used to classify 16 destinations in TRSA into six role types:tourist flow distribution center,hub of tourist flows,passageway destination,common touring destination,attached touring destination,and nearly isolated destination.Some suggestions were given on suitable infrastructure construction and destinations service designs according to their functions in network.This destination role positioning was based on tourist flow network structure in integral and macroscopic way.It provided an important reference for the balanced and harmonious development of all the destinations of TRSA.In addition,this article verified the applicability of social network analysis on tourist flow research in local scale,and expanded this method to destination role and function positioning.

Binary ABR flow control over ATM networks with uncertainty using discrete-time variable structure controller

A binary available bit rate （ABR） scheme based on discrete-time variable structure control （DVSC） theory is proposed to solve the problem of asynchronous transfer mode （ATM） networks congestion in this paper. A discrete-time system model with uncertainty is introduced to depict the time-varying ATM networks. Based on the system model, an asymptotically stable sliding surface is designed by linear matrix inequality （LMI）. In addition, a novel discrete-time reaching law that can obviously reduce chatter is also put forward. The proposed discrete-time variable structure controller can effectively constrain the oscillation of allowed cell rate （ACR） and the queue length in a router. Moreover, the controller is self-adaptive against the uncertainty in the system. Simulations are done in different scenarios. The results demonstrate that the controller has better stability and robustness than the traditional binary flow controller, so it is good for adequately exerting the simplicity of binary flow control mechanisms.

Complex network analysis in inclined oil-water two-phase flow

Complex networks have established themselves in recent years as being particularly suitable and flexible for representing and modelling many complex natural and artificial systems. Oil-water two-phase flow is one of the most complex systems. In this paper, we use complex networks to study the inclined oil water two-phase flow. Two different complex network construction methods are proposed to build two types of networks, i.e. the flow pattern complex network （FPCN） and fluid dynamic complex network （FDCN）. Through detecting the community structure of FPCN by the community-detection algorithm based on K-means clustering, useful and interesting results are found which can be used for identifying three inclined oil-water flow patterns. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of the inclined oil-water two-phase flow, we construct 48 FDCNs under different flow conditions, and find that the power-law exponent and the network information entropy, which are sensitive to the flow pattern transition, can both characterize the nonlinear dynamics of the inclined oil-water two-phase flow. In this paper, from a new perspective, we not only introduce a complex network theory into the study of the oil-water two-phase flow but also indicate that the complex network may be a powerful tool for exploring nonlinear time series in practice.

Flow Properties of Entrained Flow Gasifier Fine Slag and Network Structure of its Molten Slag

The entrained flow gasification has been identified as the most promising gasification technology.Serious environmental pollution and waste of land resources are caused by the increasing amount of storage and production of coal gasification slag.The aim of this work is to explore the feasibility of high-temperature combustion and melting technology for treating coal gasification fine slag and determine the important parameters of system operation.The flow properties and molten slag structure characteristics of three fine slags from different entrained flow gasifiers were studied.Depending on the melting mechanism of melt-dissolution,the melting time of fine slags is short.Three fine slags all produce glassy slags,which is conducive to slag discharge.The degree of polymerization of silicate melt is proportionate to the amount of SiO_(2)in the slag.A part of Al^(3+)exist in the form of[AlO_(4)]^(5-)because of the effect of CaO and Na_(2)O,as the network former.Finally,the degree of polymerization of the three type molten slag was calculated by considering the role of Si and Al in molten slag and the property of each one.

面向任务的重叠联盟结构生成计算复杂性

传统的重叠联盟形成问题大都聚焦智能体,鲜有从任务视角出发.为此,本文首先构建了一种面向任务的重叠联盟结构生成模型,并分析了其解空间和相关决策问题的计算复杂性.此外,基于流网络分别设计了相应的孤立联盟、重叠联盟、重叠联盟结构成功性判别算法和最优重叠联盟结构生成算法.分析结果表明,判别孤立联盟、重叠联盟、重叠联盟结构的成功性的时间复杂度均与智能体数和任务数呈多项式关系,而搜索最优重叠联盟结构的时间复杂度与智能体数和任务数呈指数关系.最后,通过仿真实验验证了上述结果.

从场空间到流网络:粤港澳大湾区城市群空间结构特征及优化路径研究

检视粤港澳大湾区城市群空间结构演化趋势,对纵深推动大湾区高质量发展意义重大。本研究因应数字经济对区域要素流动结构的影响,提出粤港澳大湾区“流网络”分析框架,并以首位度和齐普夫法则测度传统空间结构特征,以上市企业的“总部—分支”机构分布测度流网络特征。结果表明:大湾区总体经历了先集聚再分散的发展过程;各城市人口分布梯度不合理,核心城市的人口扩张推动了城市群的定型。大湾区经济规模结构呈现帕累托分布模式,各城市经济规模变差较大。从城际联系来看,广州深圳之间具有高联通度,形成了联通走廊,2000年以来深圳的相对联通度高居首位,区域网络日渐完善。未来,应织密高效的综合交通网络,加速市场一体化进程、构建“双核三圈”网络型城市群体系、设立“广深接合片区”并加快打造“广深联动走廊”,开创大湾区高质量协同发展新格局。

基于高速公路客流数据的重庆与毗邻地区联系网络空间结构研究

基于高速公路交通客流数据,采用社会网络与GIS空间分析法,以客流联系视角探讨重庆市与毗邻地区的城镇网络空间结构。结果表明:1)重庆中心城区为网络的绝对核心,长寿、江津、璧山为网络中的重要节点城市,涪陵、璧山、长寿在网络中通达性明显,涪陵、黔江、江津、万州的中介作用突出;2)重庆与毗邻地区的客流网络呈现三级轴线联系,整体网络呈现明显的放射性特征,部分地区联系突破省级行政边界,网络层级按照“4+15+18”分布;3)重庆与毗邻地区的凝聚子群表现出高度的地理邻近性,形成“核心―边缘”结构。未来重庆中心城区需进一步加强与四川东部地级市的辐射能力与交通联系,进一步培育与成都双城联系的发展轴,在远期发展中考虑纳入遵义市等地区更好融入重庆都市圈。

利用网络游记分析成都市旅游景区空间结构

从携程网爬取了2010—2019年成都市游记数据,构建旅游景区关键词文本共现网络,采用数量统计、空间分析、复杂网络分析等方法,挖掘成都市旅游景区游客到访的时空分异特征。结果表明,成都市旅游景区到访频率呈长尾分布,空间上形成以青城山—都江堰、金牛—武侯主城区为高热度中心的“双核摄动”格局;成都市旅游景区文本共现网络具有较高的集聚系数和较短的平均路径,等级圈层结构和马太效应较显著,热门景区对邻近热门景区的空间溢出效应显著,但对邻近低等级景区的带动效果有限;成都市旅游景区空间结构由条带状和团簇式向轴辐式和网络化方向转变,在区域旅游一体化发展中的作用日益显著。

滇西北旅游流网络结构韧性特征研究——基于Python中断情景模拟视角

基于韧性视角的区域旅游流网络结构研究,是提升区域旅游适应性能力的有效措施,中断模拟在网络结构韧性研究中的运用也逐渐受到重视。文章基于网络爬虫技术抓取2016—2022年滇西北区域内游记数据,进一步构建旅游流网络,并科学选取韧性评价指标,借助Python软件实现网络中断模拟操作,评估滇西北旅游流网络结构韧性。结果表明:滇西北旅游流网络存在若干小型子群,在整体网络中扮演重要的连通、传输角色;滇西北旅游流网络结构韧性各特征值之间均存在强正相关性,某一节点消失时,网络结构韧性指标变化的“叠加效应”逐渐凸显;滇西北旅游流网络中对网络结构韧性影响较大的节点主要是营销宣传到位且规划建设完善的旅游景区。

陕甘宁红色旅游流的网络结构特征研究

开展陕甘宁红色旅游流网络结构特征研究,可以指导目的地旅游网络结构优化,推动红色旅游高质量发展。运用地理信息技术系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术、社会网络分析等方法,对陕甘宁红色旅游流整体网络特征、网络节点特征进行系统研究。结果表明,陕甘宁红色旅游流网络结构松散,密度低,呈现典型的“核心-边缘”特征;红色旅游流网络凝聚特征显著,地域集中性强,跨区域合作有待强化;延安革命纪念馆等关键节点功能地位突出,网络极化效应显著;核心节点对周边节点存在“虹吸效应”。研究进一步从构建多极化红色旅游流网络体系、推动红色旅游与相关业态协调发展和创新融合等方面就推动陕甘宁红色旅游流网络优化提出了相关对策建议。

空中航路点通行能力评估与优化方法

航路作为空中交通流的承载体,其瓶颈主要在于交叉航路节点的通行能力。为提高航路网络的运行安全和效率,优化航路网络的拓扑结构,本文提出基于仿真样本-代理模型-变量优化的航路点通行能力优化框架。根据历史数据统计繁忙航路点的高峰时段航班数量及繁忙高度层流量占比情况,提出基于仿真的通用航路点通行能力评估方法;以航路点构型中的航路输入角度、流量占比和输出角度作为输入特征,将航路点通行能力评估方法得到的通行能力值作为样本标签,训练多层感知机代理模型,实现对航路点通行能力评估的快速计算;基于粒子群算法,以调整航路角度和交通流分布作为优化手段,对航路点通行能力进行优化。实验结果表明,构建的航路点通行能力评估方法能较好地反映实际航路点的通行能力状况,使用多层感知机作为代理模型能够满足航路点通行能力预测代理任务的精度要求,平均绝对误差为1.19,优化的航路点通行能力相比优化前提升了37.9%,验证了优化框架的有效性。

长三角地区潜在自驾旅游流及网络结构特征--基于修正引力模型

基于旅游修正引力模型,构建自驾游目的地吸引力和客源地出游力综合评价指标体系,对长三角地区潜在自驾旅游流进行测度,并采用社会网络分析法探究自驾旅游流网络结构及节点特征。结果表明:1)长三角地区呈现客源地出游力“中南强,北弱”和目的地吸引力“东强西弱”格局。2)潜在自驾旅游流网络密度偏低,城市间联系不紧密,呈现明显的“核心-边缘”格局。3)南京、杭州等城市中心性高,成为自驾旅游流网络中的核心枢纽及集散中心;苏州、无锡等城市为次核心;淮北、蚌埠、阜阳等13个城市处于网络中的边缘地位。4)南京、杭州、苏州等8个城市位于网络中的结构洞位置,具有更强的控制性、独立性和更突出的区位优势。

渗流管涌作用下松散堆积层结构演化规律

为揭示渗流管涌作用下松散堆积层结构演化规律,基于颗粒-孔隙尺度流固耦合方法,分别对密实、中密和疏松结构的松散堆积层开展渗流管涌仿真试验,从细观层面分析渗流管涌作用下松散堆积层颗粒迁移特征、颗粒流失量、颗粒间接触力链演化和骨架变形的结构演化特征。结果表明:渗流管涌主要以细颗粒迁移为主,存在局部“堵塞”现象,块石颗粒仅会在细颗粒迁移脱空后自由堆积。细颗粒迁移具有明显的“颗粒堆积”现象,主要集中在出口处,呈“上多下少”的特点。同时,渗流管涌发展过程中相同部位的孔隙率变化具有高度相似性,且结构越疏松越显著。管涌发展过程中,块石颗粒间接触承担主要的应力传递,力链演化的本质是堆积填料内部应力传递结构的改变。此外,下沉量和体应变均随时步增加,呈先急剧增加,后趋于平稳的态势,且随初始渗流速度越大,平稳时刻逐步提前。该研究成果可为从细观角度认识松散堆积层渗流管涌结构演化规律提供一定借鉴。

人工神经网络与遗传算法预测液体晃荡参数的比较

This paper develops a numerical code for modelling liquid sloshing.The coupled boundary element-finite element method was used to solve the Laplace equation for inviscid fluid and nonlinear free surface boundary conditions.Using Nakayama and Washizu’s results,the code performance was validated.Using the developed numerical mode,we proposed artificial neural network(ANN)and genetic algorithm(GA)methods for evaluating sloshing loads and comparing them.To compare the efficiency of the suggested methods,the maximum free surface displacement and the maximum horizontal force exerted on a rectangular tank’s perimeter are examined.It can be seen from the results that both ANNs and GAs can accurately predict η_(max) and F_(max).

城市轨道交通网络系统效率评价指标改进

为提高城市轨道交通网络系统效率评价指标的可比性和完备性,引入有效行程速度和有效客流密度的概念,改进了网络系统效率评价指标,并以重庆市中心城区2017年和2019年运营的城市轨道交通线网为例验证了改进后评价指标的科学性和可操作性。研究表明:既有评价指标由于显著受到线网服务范围的影响,且未体现网络的投入产出效率,无法直接作为网络结构优化的目标函数;改进后的系统效率评价指标能够综合反映剔除线网服务范围影响后的网络结构性能和投入产出效率,且存在理论上的最优值;平衡网络中节点换乘时间和路段行程时间,并适度加密城市核心区域的轨道交通线路和站点,是持续提升网络系统效率的2个重要手段。

“流空间”视角下西北地区城市群内部网络空间结构及其驱动机制

运用社会网络分析和ArcGIS空间分析方法,从交通、经济、人口等多要素流视角分析西北地区城市群网络的层级结构、联系格局与子群特征,借助二次指派程序回归分析方法剖析多元网络结构的影响机制.结果表明,网络中心性地区差异显著,且重心位于东翼.交通网络差异相对较小,呈单中心结构,经济网络规模分布最为集中,呈双中心结构,人口网络规模分布相对分散,呈多中心结构;城市联系表现出“东密西疏”的空间网络格局,且等级性显著.交通网络呈带状组团结构,经济网络呈中心辐射状结构,人口网络呈以省会为主的蜂房状多中心结构;网络内部均存在小团体.交通网络子群构成与联系凸显干线的串联带动作用,经济网络择优链接效应明显,人口网络受行政区划约束;地理邻近、交通可达性和经济发展是产生网络共性的主要因素,企业成长、产业结构和社会服务是网络差异性的主要贡献者.

多维要素流视角下成渝城市群空间结构特征研究

随着交通、通讯设施的日益完善与经济的快速发展,城市间各类要素流动更为频繁并形成城市网络,促进城市动态“流”数据的分析成为区域空间结构研究新范式。相比单一要素流,多维要素流可以从更加综合的视角刻画城市群内部网络联系,识别城市群空间结构特征。本文通过集成百度迁徙、快递物流线路、百度指数、企业总部—分支、科技论文合作等多元地理流数据建立成渝城市群人流、物流、信息流、资金流、技术流及综合流网络,借助社会网络分析方法识别网络节点特征并结合位序—规模法则评估城市体系规模结构,利用核密度分析法识别多维要素流动主要廊道,结合优势流和DBSCAN聚类分析成渝城市群空间组团特征。结果表明:第一,在多维要素流网络中,各节点层级分化明显,成都市、重庆市是成渝城市群的两大核心,对多维要素流的集聚扩散能力突出,而其他城市普遍发育不足。第二,重庆市—成都市关联区间联系强度最高,成都市、重庆市与14个地级市组成的关联区间次之,14个地级市之间组成的关联区间最低,成渝发展主轴、成德绵乐城市带是要素流动的主要廊道。第三,在优势流约束下,成渝城市群内部形成成都—德阳—眉山、重庆—广安、南充—遂宁、内江—自贡—宜宾—泸州、乐山—雅安共5个空间聚类,其中南充—遂宁、内江—自贡—宜宾—泸州具备培育都市圈的潜力。结合本文分析结果和现有规划,建议将多维要素流网络中心度相对较高的绵阳、南充、宜宾作为次级中心城市培育,在重点发展成都都市圈、重庆都市圈的同时着力培育南充—遂宁、内自宜泸两大都市圈,促进绵阳市、雅安市、乐山市、达州市等圈群空隙城市差异化、特色化发展,强化宜宾—泸州—重庆沿江发展轴,逐步优化成渝城市群空间结构,形成区域协调发展新格局。