Objective: To investigate the current status of medical support in military operations other than war (MOOTW) in domestic and overseas. Methods: This paper mainly adopts the descriptive, comparative and induction rese...Objective: To investigate the current status of medical support in military operations other than war (MOOTW) in domestic and overseas. Methods: This paper mainly adopts the descriptive, comparative and induction research methods. The current status of medical support in MOOTW in China, America, Russia, Israel, Canada, had been studied through some official papers, and series of professional books by analysis the precise date in various kinds of emergency event. Results: The contrast shows that there is still a quite huge development in medical support in MOOTW, no matter in China, or in other countries. Conclusion: In order to strengthen the forces, besides building professional rescue teams, it is necessary to take a regular revise of plans, according to missions` needs.展开更多
Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military...Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps(ROTC) cadets(n=286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training exercise.Methods: The sleep of ROTC cadets(n=286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets(n=140).Results: Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep(P≤0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime(22:21±1:30 vs. 22:13±0:40, P=0.21) and waketime(04:30±2:17 vs. 04:31±0:47, P=0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed(TIB) for major sleep intervals(352±29) min and self-report nightly sleep duration [(337±57) min, P=0.006] than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB [(177±42) min, P≤0.001].Conclusions: Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.展开更多
随着空域资源需求的不断增大,军民航间飞行矛盾日益突显。为解决此问题,本文以国务院、中央军事委员会空中交通管制委员会提出的“军民航空管联合运行”为背景,引入军民航共享空域的概念,重点研究了在此类空域中军民航飞行活动协同排序(...随着空域资源需求的不断增大,军民航间飞行矛盾日益突显。为解决此问题,本文以国务院、中央军事委员会空中交通管制委员会提出的“军民航空管联合运行”为背景,引入军民航共享空域的概念,重点研究了在此类空域中军民航飞行活动协同排序(CMFCS,civil-military aviation flight activity collaborative sequencing)问题。首先,基于军民航各自飞行任务特点与差异,对军民航飞行任务的种类进行划分,并使用层次分析法确定各类飞行任务的优先权原则;其次,以军民航飞行活动总延误时间成本最小为目标,建立CMFCS模型;最后,使用遗传算法对模型进行求解,确定军民航飞行活动批准进入共享空域的时间序列。研究结果表明,与经典的先到先服务(FCFS,first come first service)策略相比,协同排序策略得到的总延误时间成本降低了72.17%,优化效果显著且更符合实际,能够实现军民航共同使用国家空域资源,保障飞行活动安全、有序、高效地运行。展开更多
目的探索战时心理卫生救援队的职能、组织框架及主要工作策略。方法通过文献回顾与历年演训任务经验,同时在工作实践中提炼成果,总结战时心理卫生救援队的职能、组织框架及主要工作策略。结果初步归纳了战时心理卫生救援队的8项主要工...目的探索战时心理卫生救援队的职能、组织框架及主要工作策略。方法通过文献回顾与历年演训任务经验,同时在工作实践中提炼成果,总结战时心理卫生救援队的职能、组织框架及主要工作策略。结果初步归纳了战时心理卫生救援队的8项主要工作内容、组织框架与工作效能,以及一般性支持策略、物理康复与作业治疗、战斗应激反应(combat and operational stress reaction,COSR)“CALM-DOWNS”干预策略。结论心理卫生救援队是部队的机动卫勤力量,是战时和平时参与非战争军事行动应急卫勤支援保障力量体系的重要组成部分,在战时为降低心理伤减员和增强部队战斗力提供了专业支撑,及时梳理总结并进行研究,对心理卫生救援队的建设意义重大。展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate the current status of medical support in military operations other than war (MOOTW) in domestic and overseas. Methods: This paper mainly adopts the descriptive, comparative and induction research methods. The current status of medical support in MOOTW in China, America, Russia, Israel, Canada, had been studied through some official papers, and series of professional books by analysis the precise date in various kinds of emergency event. Results: The contrast shows that there is still a quite huge development in medical support in MOOTW, no matter in China, or in other countries. Conclusion: In order to strengthen the forces, besides building professional rescue teams, it is necessary to take a regular revise of plans, according to missions` needs.
基金The Department of Defense Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) supported this study。
文摘Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps(ROTC) cadets(n=286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training exercise.Methods: The sleep of ROTC cadets(n=286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets(n=140).Results: Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep(P≤0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime(22:21±1:30 vs. 22:13±0:40, P=0.21) and waketime(04:30±2:17 vs. 04:31±0:47, P=0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed(TIB) for major sleep intervals(352±29) min and self-report nightly sleep duration [(337±57) min, P=0.006] than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB [(177±42) min, P≤0.001].Conclusions: Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.
文摘随着空域资源需求的不断增大,军民航间飞行矛盾日益突显。为解决此问题,本文以国务院、中央军事委员会空中交通管制委员会提出的“军民航空管联合运行”为背景,引入军民航共享空域的概念,重点研究了在此类空域中军民航飞行活动协同排序(CMFCS,civil-military aviation flight activity collaborative sequencing)问题。首先,基于军民航各自飞行任务特点与差异,对军民航飞行任务的种类进行划分,并使用层次分析法确定各类飞行任务的优先权原则;其次,以军民航飞行活动总延误时间成本最小为目标,建立CMFCS模型;最后,使用遗传算法对模型进行求解,确定军民航飞行活动批准进入共享空域的时间序列。研究结果表明,与经典的先到先服务(FCFS,first come first service)策略相比,协同排序策略得到的总延误时间成本降低了72.17%,优化效果显著且更符合实际,能够实现军民航共同使用国家空域资源,保障飞行活动安全、有序、高效地运行。
文摘目的探索战时心理卫生救援队的职能、组织框架及主要工作策略。方法通过文献回顾与历年演训任务经验,同时在工作实践中提炼成果,总结战时心理卫生救援队的职能、组织框架及主要工作策略。结果初步归纳了战时心理卫生救援队的8项主要工作内容、组织框架与工作效能,以及一般性支持策略、物理康复与作业治疗、战斗应激反应(combat and operational stress reaction,COSR)“CALM-DOWNS”干预策略。结论心理卫生救援队是部队的机动卫勤力量,是战时和平时参与非战争军事行动应急卫勤支援保障力量体系的重要组成部分,在战时为降低心理伤减员和增强部队战斗力提供了专业支撑,及时梳理总结并进行研究,对心理卫生救援队的建设意义重大。
