The Preference of Sculpture Landscape Types among College Students in Different Psychological States

In this paper, characteristics of sculptures and the preference for sculptures of college students in different state of mind were analyzed. A total of 165 college students were invited to participate in the study. The method of image rating was employed to investigate these students' landscape preferences after they completed the Profile of Mood States(POMS). The results showed that when the sculptures were placed alone, students in a positive mood had a preference for abstract sculptures, students in a negative mood had a preference for figurative sculptures with unique symbolic meanings, and participatory sculptures were populous among college students in different emotional states. When sculptures were placed in the environment, natural elements of the sculptures greatly affected college students' preference. Students in a positive mood tended to choose sculpture landscapes combined with plants, and students in a negative mood had a preference for sculpture landscapes with water bodies. There were differences in the types of sculpture landscapes that the college students in different moods thought can relieve their bad moods. Apart from their current dominant emotions, the results of the study were related to their past experiences, cultural backgrounds, and functions, social attributes and symbols of the landscape.

Dynamic Changes in the Wetland Landscape Pattern of the Yellow River Delta from 1976 to 2016 Based on Satellite Data

The Yellow River Delta wetland is the youngest wetland ecosystem in China's warm temperate zone. To better understand how its landscape pattern has changed over time and the underlying factors responsible, this study analyzed the dynamic changes of wetlands using five Landsat series of images, namely MSS(Mulri Spectral Scanner), TM(Thematic Mapper), and OLI(Operational Land Imager) sensors in 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2016. Object-oriented classification and the combination of spatial and spectral features and both the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI), as well as brightness characteristic indices, were used to classify the images in eCognition software. Landscape pattern changes in the Yellow River Delta over the past 40 years were then delineated using transition matrix and landscape index methods. Results show that: 1) from1976 to 2016, the total area of wetlands in the study area decreased from 2594.76 to 2491.79 km^2, while that of natural wetlands decreased by 954.03 km^2 whereas human-made wetlands increased by 851.06 km^2. 2) The transformation of natural wetlands was extensive: 31.34% of those covered by Suaeda heteropteras were transformed into reservoirs and ponds, and 24.71% with Phragmites australis coverage were transformed into dry farmland. Some human-made wetlands were transformed into non-wetlands types: 1.55% of reservoirs and ponds became construction land, and likewise 21.27% were transformed into dry farmland. 3) From 1976 to 2016, as the intensity of human activities increased, the number of landscape types in the study area continuously increased. Patches were scattered and more fragmented. The whole landscape became more complex. In short, over the past 40 years, the wetlands of the Yellow River Delta have been degraded, with the area of natural wetlands substantially reduced. Human activities were the dominant forces driving these changes in the Yellow River Delta.

A New Thinking of the Objects Served Relationship Management in Complex System

Take a digital libraries' service system for example, Objects Served Relationship Management (OSRM) in complex systems is proposed firstly as a new concept, and its connotation is explained. The significances and constructions of OSRM are analyzed. Both the fundamental facts and the important natures that the things which are interested by Objects Served (OS) (e.g. publishers and readers) and the server (e.g. digital libraries are the servers of publishers and readers) will not be the same completely although there are a lot of common benefits between OS and servers, are indeed clarified. The valuable information, which should be used by OS and their server, is often hidden behind them. Thus, how to find, manage and control the relationship among OS and their servers is very necessary and important for the common benefits among all of them. (e.g. the three dimensions of OSRM in digital library system and its overall framework are proposed. The different strategies to different cases in the digital library's multidimensional framework are analyzed.)

Two-Stage Interactive Multi-Objective Decision-Making Method Based on the Satisfactoriness Criterion

本文研究了现有基于满意度多目标决策方法的缺陷，提出了一类两阶段基于满意度准则的交互式多目标决策方法，在其中通过采集决策者（ＤＭ）的偏好信息来确定满意度准则。

Tourist preferences for agricultural landscapes:a case study of terraced paddy fields in Noto Peninsula,Japan

Many agricultural landscapes have been formed through the interaction and co-evolution of nature and people, and represent the living landscapes shaped over time through intensive and continuous human cultivation. Terraced paddy fields are being re-evaluated to take into account the multiple functions they fill beyond only rice cultivation, particularly their contribution to the national biodiversity strategy of Japan. Since the 1990 s, terraced paddy fields have been considered a representative cultural landscape of Japan and, at the same time, multi-stakeholder conservation activities have been conducted throughout Japan to reverse the increasing abandonment of terraces. Shiroyone Senmaida is an outstanding cultural landscape and a major tourist attraction in Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture, which was designated through an initiative by the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot site in 2011. It is important to clarify tourist preference for terraced paddy field landscapes to contribute to future policy making toward improved agricultural landscape conservation. A key finding of this study is that tourists visiting toenjoy the agricultural landscape are also concerned on the sustainability of the farming methods and preferred to maintain the naturalness of the landscape. Respondents with higher educational levels and greater concern for the biological and traditional farming knowledge aspects of the rice terraces were also more inclined to favor sustainable farming practices. Tourists preferred to maintain the naturalness and rurality of the agricultural landscape, and indicated that construction of excessive tourist facilities would cause the landscape to deteriorate. It was suggested that the local community and surroundings, including rural settlements, hills, and forests, should also be conserved together with the scenic terrace.

Deciphering of Space Images of the Inder Salt-Dome Upland in ENVI 4.7 Program

Space images play an important role in the Earth study as they bring the main information received from the Space Flyer Units (SFU) to help researchers. Space images’ deciphering gives the opportunity to study the territory and to plot different maps. On the basis of the space image obtained from Landsat 5TM (30 m resolution, 01.09.2012 year), we managed to get a picture of the modern relief of the northern part of Inder lake. When comparing the space image with topographic maps of 1985, we succeeded to identify the dynamics of landforms change on the studied area, what has been shown on the drawn map of the relief of the Inder salt dome uplift. 14 classes, corresponding to a particular type of terrain or to a landscape complex, have been distinguished on the studied area. Inder salt dome uplift is a paradynamic conjugation, consisting of highly karsted Inder Mountains corresponding to large diapir uplift, and of the Inder Lake having a large ellipsoidal shape. Geomorphologically, the investigated territory is located on the left bank of Zhaiyk River, and presents a salt dome uplift in the form of a plateau-like hill raised above the surrounding surface from 12 to 40 m. The maximum height reaches 42.5 m (g. Suatbaytau). The crest of the Inder salt dome is composed of Low Permian sediments (rock salt with anhydrite, potassiummagnesium salts), and has an area of about 210 km2. Inder lake’s basin is represented by a tectonic depression, which is the local basis of erosion and is a drainage place of the Inder uplift karstic water. The lake area is 150 km2. Depending on the climatic conditions, the water level can vary.

Evaluation of Plant Landscape in Residential Areas Based on AHP and TOPSIS

Taking 6 residential areas in Nyingchi of Tibet as research objects,from aesthetic effect,ecological function and leisure service,this paper established the evaluation indicator system for plant landscape in residential areas using AHP,and calculated the weight of indicators using the judgment matrix. Besides,it calculated the ideal solution and closeness degree of matrix using TOPSIS,and established the evaluation method and preference method for plant landscape in residential areas. The results show that the indicators of seasonal variation,environmental benefit and per capita green space mattered most in the landscape evaluation of residential areas. The richness of flowering plant is weak in the landscape evaluation. From the comprehensive evaluation of residential areas,Nyingchi Garden District and Xingfu District have excellent plant landscape,Jialong Garden District and Shangcheng Garden District have general plant landscape,and Sun City District and Niyang Garden District have poor plant landscape.

Optimizing Rank of Landscape Planning Works of Urban Wetland Park

Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.

A structural relationship between place attachment and intention to conserve landscapes–a case study of Harz National Park in Germany

Place attachment is an important motivation for people to spend more time outdoors and to protect landscapes.This study explores visitors' intention to conserve natural landscapes based on the relationship with their place attachment to National Park landscape. Structural equation modelling(SEM) was used to determine the relationship between landscape conservation and place attachment. A survey with a structured questionnaire was administered to visitors to the seven designated hiking courses of Harz National Park in Germany. The path coefficient of 0.77 revealed that place dependence positively and significantly affected place attachment, whereas place identity did not. Place attachment had a significant effect on both affective appraisals and visiting satisfaction. Higher place attachment led to higher emotional reaction to landscapes on site and higher satisfaction of visiting the park. Among the variables, visiting satisfaction, but not affective appraisals, played a statistically significant mediating role between place attachment and conservation intention. With a path coefficient of 0.86, conservation intention was highly affected by visiting satisfaction. These results suggest that the managers of National Parks should focus on increasing visiting satisfaction based on how visitors are emotionally bonded with their visiting places, in order to enhance the intentions to conserve the landscape of the visitors to National Parks.

Synergetic Optimization of Missile Shapes for Aerodynamic and Radar Cross-Section Performance Based on Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm

A multiple-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) with a new Decision Making (DM) scheme for MOD of conceptual missile shapes was presented, which is contrived to determine suitable tradeoffs from Pareto optimal set using interactive preference articulation. There are two objective functions, to maximize ratio of lift to drag and to minimize radar cross-section (RCS) value. 3D computational electromagnetic solver was used to evaluate RCS, electromagnetic performance. 3D Navier-Stokes flow solver was adopted to evaluate aerodynamic performance. A flight mechanics solver was used to analyze the stability of the missile. Based on the MOEA, a synergetic optimization of missile shapes for aerodynamic and radar cross-section performance is completed. The results show that the proposed approach can be used in more complex optimization case of flight vehicles.

采煤机滚筒工作性能优化研究

在实际生产中,截割破碎过程是多作用耦合的结果,离散元法(DEM)与多体动力学(MBD)双向耦合技术可实现煤机设备与煤壁的信息交互,符合实际生产情况,具有较大的优越性。为提高采煤机滚筒的工作性能,基于DEM−MBD双向耦合机理,结合力学性能试验和模拟试验得到实际工况参数,采用仿真软件EDEM和RecurDyn建立了采煤机滚筒截割煤壁的双向耦合模型,对仿真过程中滚筒所受的转矩和截割力进行分析,证明耦合效果和截割效果较好。设计了单因素试验和正交试验,分析了滚筒运行参数对工作性能的影响规律,并利用SPSS软件得到滚筒转速、截割深度、牵引速度对截割比能耗、装煤率、载荷波动系数的影响程度,通过现场试验验证了模型的可行性。构建了以滚筒转速、截割深度、牵引速度为决策变量,以截割比能耗、装煤率和载荷波动系数为目标的多目标优化模型,利用改进多目标灰狼(MOGWO)算法和优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)对模型进行求解,得出当滚筒转速为31.12 r/min、截割深度为639.4 mm、牵引速度为5.58 m/min时,采煤机滚筒的工作性能最优,此时截割比能耗为0.4677 kW·h/^(3),装煤率为43.01%,载荷波动系数为0.3278。

基于隐式偏好的多目标推荐算法研究

推荐的准确性(accuracy)和多样性(diversity)是推荐算法研究的二个重要指标,能够最大程度地满足用户的喜好.然而,基于准确性的推荐将导致推荐结果过于聚焦集中在某类特征上,使得多样性降低,导致用户选择的广度不足而整体效果不佳.针对推荐算法的两个指标之间的平衡以满足用户的需求,本文采用最大预测评分和最大内部相似度差异的两目标模型,选取极值点和膝点为隐式偏好,利用隐式偏好改进推荐方案搜索优化策略,提出了一种基于隐式偏好的多目标推荐算法.该算法利用切比雪夫距离在迭代过程中对偏好点动态标定,以引导个体收敛于隐式偏好区域,得到具有不同偏好的推荐方案.在Movielens和Netflix数据集上实验结果表明,与Item-based协同过滤推荐算法相比,该算法的推荐结果在确保准确率性能情况下多样性平均提升了38%和33.4%,新颖度平均提升了58.6%和125.4%,降低了多目标推荐算法的复杂度,有效解决了实际应用问题.

多目标免疫的风景园林植物布局规划模型

常规景观植物布局规划模型构建方法主要采用大数据技术,通过构建双层规划模型实现景观园林布局规划目标,无法有效剖析植物景观布局影响因子的作用机制,导致模型求解出的目标值高于实际布局规划方案的目标值。基于多目标免疫算法构建风景园林植物布局规划模型,对植物景观布局的影响因子进行分析,明确其作用机制,以此为数据基础,利用多目标免疫算法提取景观群空间尺度特征信息。基于特征信息提取要素,以景观关联度最高、生态环境破坏度最小和空间利用度最大为目标构建综合景观植物布局规划模型,实现风景园林植物布局的合理规划。以实际公园为测试对象,对构建的景观植物布局规划模型进行性能验证。结果证明:所提模型求解出的风景园林植物布局规划目标值均优于对比方案的目标值,提高了景观关联关系值、降低了生态环境破坏值和空间利用实现最大化。

多目标规划方法在森林公园功能区划中的应用

【目的】基于景观资源评价和多目标规划开展森林公园功能区划优化研究,为森林公园景观功能区划提供技术支撑。【方法】以浙江省杭州市富阳区大安顶森林公园为研究区,开展各景观单元生态恢复力、视觉敏感度和景观美景度评价,结果通过线性变换转换为重点保护、维持现状、局部调节和建设改造等4项管理对策适宜度,最终运用多目标规划法(VMP)寻找各景观单元最优管理对策。【结果】①建立了以生态恢复力、视觉敏感度和景观美景度为核心的森林公园生态景观质量评价指标体系,应用结果显示,大安顶森林公园生态恢复力、视觉敏感度总体水平较高区域差异较大,景观美景度较高但区域差异较小;②提出了属性指标-管理对策适宜度的线性变换模型,实现多指标评价结果向公园功能区划的适宜度转换;③应用多目标规划方法,就研究区20个景观单元的管理寻找到最优方案,寻优结果与景观实际情况高度耦合;④5个多目标规划方法中,理想点法、目标规划法、模糊规划法可划为一组,功效函数法和最大最小法为另一组,2组内部规划结果基本一致,组间稍有差异,其中以模糊规划方法平衡性最好。【结论】森林公园生态景观质量评价研究所获的结果数据通过属性指标-管理对策适宜度模型转换后,应用多目标规划在全局和景观单元水平寻找到管理对策最优解,结果与实际情况高度耦合;5个常见多目标规划方法中,理想点法、目标规划法、模糊规划法表现良好,模糊规划法最优,推荐应用。

基于景观偏好理论的草本自生植物应用潜力研究

草本自生植物可在城市环境中自发生长,不仅养护管理成本低,并且能够显著提升城市生物多样性。为探索草本自生植物在城市绿化中的应用潜力,文章以景观偏好理论为研究基础,将生境类型、植物观赏特征及组合要素作为因子进行照片模拟,采用问卷调研和实地调研,结合现场访谈结果进行分析。研究结果表明,草本自生植物共计60科176属212种,草本自生植物引入后公众喜爱度总体增加;在草本自生植物生境类型中滨水草坪偏好度最高;在植物种类中对观花物种偏好度最高;通过适当的设计手法可以有效提升观叶自生植物的喜好度;草本自生植物的审美偏好很大程度上也与公众自身社会属性有关。建议在养护管理中多保留观花物种;草本自生植物最适宜应用场景为林间草地;观叶自生植物高度控制在30 cm以下;高于60 cm的观叶植物应保留在林间草地中;丰富自生植物群落物种组成,以实现生态效益最大化。本文的结论与建议可对草本自生植物的推广应用提供有效指导,以期对未来草本自生植物在城市绿化中的应用实践提供参考。

要素与感知:安全感及偏好评价下的大学校园夜间环境研究

夜间环境是大学校园基础设施体系的重要组成部分,但却忽视了对人本需求的挖掘。以苏州市16个大学校园户外空间为例,聚焦使用者的安全感及偏好,开展日间、夜间校园环境要素的实地调研。通过日夜差值法定量探讨光环境要素与安全感的关联性,进一步识别影响夜晚整体偏好的主要环境因素及其阈值,最后建立基于综合感知的环境参数范围。结果显示,大学校园夜间环境更新设计应优先考虑夜间光环境,其次是景观特征。综合安全感及偏好的条件下,优先推荐平均水平照度范围为13~17lx,路面平均亮度范围为0.7~0.9cd/m2。研究为大学校园夜间环境更新设计及精准实施提供数据支撑,提升使用者主观感知,促进可持续校园环境的建设。

基于“感知-偏好-人格”的传统园林花木人格化研究:以《全唐诗》松树为例

景观偏好是个体、群体或民族对特定景观的态度和偏好。历史悠久、意蕴深远的传统园林花木景观偏好和人格化现象,推动了中华民族健康和谐的社会人格构建,意义重大。花木五感景观偏好与人格关联是关键科学问题。引入人格神经科学,首先从花木影响人格发展的“感知-偏好-人格”神经心理过程,构建研究框架;其次,以古代大数据《全唐诗》所见松树为例,基于NVivo软件和扎根理论方法,发现:(1)诗人偏爱松树,共有3044首描写松树五感景观的唐诗,占比高达6.22%;(2)其中,以视觉景观为主,听觉和触觉次之,占比分别为82.85%、10.09%和9.23%;(3)松树视觉“青”“霜雪”“孤”“鹤”“风云月”等和听觉“风中松声”共计1432个编码,体现了中华民族集体松景观偏好,与坚韧不屈、贞节不阿、超凡脱俗的“百木长”松格建立关联。“感知-偏好-人格”研究框架,能较为全面有效地揭示传统花木五感景观偏好与人格内在关联。

超越景观的“词”与“物”:中国当代电影中风景的三重演绎

中国当代电影关于风景的讨论,常从“寄情于景”等美学意境层面展开,显然这一向度未能言及风景的文化实践、视觉批判等多重面向。对“风景与电影”进行不同层面的分析发现尚未形成一定的研究体系。在中国当代电影中承担着多重话语实践,影像中的风景既是“物”的呈现,又昭示着“词”的指向。当代电影中风景存在着三重演绎及其互动关系:作为“词”的风景,意在从人赋予“原初-大地”的主体意识、象征意涵、质料特质的“景”出发,探寻影像中的自身与主体隐喻之间的关联;作为“物”的风景,经由影像勾勒“器具-真实”的物之物象,来确认人与“世界”的连接;最后超越“词与物”的“真理-风景”,赋予了“我”与“世界”的“触媒”,是“敞开-境域”与想象能指。风景散溢在有限荧幕画幅内与无限延展空间外的双向维度上发出了超越“词”与“物”的影像表达与文化诘问。

基于PRISMA的国内外城市公园质量评价工具研究进展

作为提升人居环境品质的重要公共空间类型,公园质量评价研究在城市更新的发展模式下愈发受到关注,相关研究在国际上也持续保持热度。基于PRISMA法,系统研究6 512篇中英文献,分析国内外城市公园质量评价工具的研究进展。目前国外该领域研究发展已较成熟,并形成一定范式的系列评价工具;国内虽未形成系统性评价工具,但近年来相关研究发展迅速且积累了丰富的实践研究经验。然而,现行国外公园质量评价工具的范式特征一定程度上固化了该领域研究的内容和方法,在城市公共空间研究基础上,国内公园质量评价研究的视角和方法较国外更多元和先进。因此,建议在汲取国外研究经验的基础上,充分利用国内丰富的实践成果和跨学科方法创新,发展符合国内需求的公园质量智能评价工具,推动人居环境质量的精细化科学升级。

景观作为缝合都市与建筑的动态模型——斯坦·艾伦访谈

访谈由斯坦·艾伦对景观都市主义理论的研究引入到对景观在建筑与城市学之间关系的探讨,由此展开他近年关注的基础设施都市主义、地景建筑和场域建筑的理念,使景观成为衔接建筑与城市学的动态模型,同时结合当代城市复杂性和景观都市主义折射出的问题,提出将城市基础设施作为宏观框架而建筑实体在这片场域中自然生长的设计理念。