A novel control strategy for reproducing the floor motions of high-rise buildings by earthquake-simulating shake tables

To enable the experimental assessment of the seismic performance of full-scale nonstructural elements with multiple engineering parameters(EDPs),a three-layer testbed named Nonstructural Element Simulator on Shake Table(NEST)has been developed.The testbed consists of three consecutive floors of steel structure.The bottom two floors provide a space to accommodate a full-scale room.To fully explore the flexibility of NEST,we propose a novel control strategy to generate the required shake table input time histories for the testbed to track the target floor motions of the buildings of interest with high accuracy.The control strategy contains two parts:an inverse dynamic compensation via simulation of feedback control systems(IDCS)algorithm and an offline iteration procedure based on a refined nonlinear numerical model of the testbed.The key aspects of the control strategy were introduced in this paper.Experimental tests were conducted to simulate the seismic responses of a full-scale office room on the 21^(st)floor of a 42-story high-rise building.The test results show that the proposed control strategy can reproduce the target floor motions of the building of interest with less than 20%errors within the specified frequency range.

高温污水源热泵在市政污泥干化系统中的应用

天然气锅炉是市政污泥干化系统的重点用能设备,是城镇污水处理厂节能降碳、降本增效的重要目标。高温污水源热泵(HT-WSHP)制冷供热项目具有良好的经济效益与碳中和效果。为实现污水处理厂减污降碳协同增效目标,文章研究HT-WSHP替代天然气锅炉作为市政污泥干化系统热源的技术和经济可行性。结果表明,采用双头压缩机设计的HT-WSHP系统出水温度可达85~90℃,在保证污泥干化效果的前提下,HT-WSHP系统出水温度稳定,机组平均制热性能(COP)指标不低于2.6,利用一台HT-WSHP替代一台天然气锅炉后,天然气单耗下降了65.5%,能源成本下降了17.2%,碳排放强度下降了18.2%,能耗强度下降了7.7%。

基于Trnsys的光伏光热-水源热泵系统供暖性能模拟研究

建立光伏光热-水源热泵(PV/T-WSHP)供能系统的Trnsys仿真模型,采用郑州地区的气象参数与负荷数据进行模拟,通过模拟不同供暖时期该系统模型的运行情况获取热电效率、性能参数等进行分析。结果显示:在供暖季不同时期该系统具有不同的性能表现,在供暖初期光伏光热模块具有更好的性能,在供暖末期热泵机组具有更好的性能,供暖末期系统综合制热系数(COP)最高可达7.34,实现低能耗供暖。

Dispersion compensation in an open-loop all-optical chaotic communication system

The optical chaotic communication system using open-loop fiber transmission is studied under strong injection conditions. The optical chaotic communication system with open-loop configuration is studied using fiber transmission under strong injection conditions. The performances of fiber links composed of two types of fiber segments in different dispersion compensation maps are compared by testing the quality of the recovered message with different bit rates and encrypted by chaotic modulation （CM） or chaotic shift keying （CSK）. The result indicates that the performance of the pre-compensation map is always worst. Two types of symmetrical maps are identical whatever the encryption method and bit-rate of message are. For the transmitting and the recovering of message of lower bit rate （1 Gb/s）, the post-compensation map is the best scheme. However, for the message of higher bit rate （2.5 Gb/s）, the parameters in communication system need to be modified properly in order to adapt to the high-speed application. Meanwhile, two types of symmetrical maps are the best scheme. In addition, the CM method is superior to the CSK method for high-speed applications. It is in accordance with the result in a back-to-back configuration system.

ATM Open-Loop Shuffleout网络丢失率新的计算方法

文献 [1]提出了Open LoopShuffleout的ATM交换结构 .它是基于多级自路由、输出排队的Banyan结构 .文献[9]在文献 [1]的基础上构造了多递ATMShuffleout交换结构 .这种Open LoopShuffleout的ATM交换结构的信元丢失率包括三部分 ,其中之一就是网络丢失率πn.文献 [1]计算网络丢失率是在假设任意一级交换单元中每一输出端口的负载相同的前提下进行的 .本文考虑了更一般的情况 ,给出了精确计算网络丢失率的分析模型 ,不仅能够处理随机业务 ,而且还能处理热点业务 .模型分析和仿真的数字结果显示了在热点业务下一些有益的结论 .

Instability of cylinder wake under open-loop active control

Instability of a wake controlled by a streamwise Lorentz force is investigated through a Floquet stability analysis. The streamwise Lorentz force, which is a two-dimensional control input created by an electromagnetic actuator located on the cylinder surface,adjusts the base flow to affect the three-dimensional wake instability and achieve wake stabilization and transition delay. The instability mode at a Reynolds number Re = 300 can be transformed from B to A with N = 1.0, where N is an interaction number representing the strength of the Lorentz force relative to the inertial force in the fluid. The wake flow is Floquet stable when N increases to 1.3. The spanwise perturbation wavelengths are 3.926 D and 0.822 D in the modes A and B, respectively, where D is the cylinder diameter. In addition, the oscillating amplitudes of drag and lift are reduced with the increase in the interaction number. Particle tracing is used to explore the essential physical mechanism for mode transformation. The path lines show that suppression of flow separation hinders the fluid deformation and rotation, leading to the decrease in elliptic and hyperbolic instability regions, which is the material cause of mode transformation.All of the results indicate that wake stabilization and transition delay can be achieved under open-loop active control via the streamwise Lorentz force.

Open-loop frequency response for a chaotic masking system

In this paper, a new numerical simulation approach is proposed for the study of open-loop frequency response of a chaotic masking system. Using Chua＇s circuit and the Lorenz system as illustrative examples, we have shown that one can employ chaos synchronization to separate the feedback network from a chaotic masking system, and then use numerical simulation to obtain the open-loop synchronization response, the phase response, and the amplitude response of a chaotic masking system. Based on the analysis of the frequency response, we have also proved that changing the amplitude of the exciting （input） signal within normal working domain does not influence the frequency response of the chaotic masking system. The new numerical simulation method developed in this paper can be extended to consider the open-loop frequency response of other systems described by differential or difference equations.

Analytical solution for a class of linear quadratic open-loop Nash game with multiple players

In this paper, the Nash equilibria for differential games with multiple players is studied. A method for solving the Riccati-type matrix differential equations for open-loop Nash strategy in linear quadratic game with multiple players is presented and analytical solution is given for a type of differential games in which the system matrixcan be diagonalizable. As the special cases, the Nash equilibria for some type of differential games with particular structure is studied also, and some results in previous literatures are extended. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the solution procedure.

PERFORMANCE OF A NEW DECODING METHOD USED IN OPEN-LOOP ALL-OPTICAL CHAOTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A new decoding method with decoder is used in open-loop all-optical chaotic communication system under strong injection condition.The performance of the new decoding method is numerically investigated by comparing it with the common decoding method without decoder.For new decoding method,two cases are analyzed,including whether or not the output of the decoder is adjusted by its input to receiver.The results indicate the decoding quality can be improved by adjusting for the new decoding method.Meanwhile,the injection strength of decoder can be restricted in a certain range.The adjusted new decoding method with decoder can achieve better decoding quality than decoding method without decoder when the bit rate of message is under 5 Gb/s.However,a stronger injection for receiver is needed.Moreover,the new decoding method can broaden the range of injection strength acceptable for good decoding quality.Different message encryption techniques are tested,and the result is similar to that of the common decoding method,indicative of the fact that the message encoded by using Chaotic Modulation(CM) can be best recovered by the new decoding method owning to the essence of this encryption technique.

Chaos Correlation in Open-loop Semiconductor Lasers Scheme Effected by Variable Feedback Time

The effect of optical feedback time （depend on the distance between the front facet of the laser and the external mirror） on the chaos synchronization in open-loop communication system have been investigated. In this system, the dynamics of semiconductor lasers with both the optical feedback and optical injection are coherently coupled with the internal laser field. The synchronization map becomes a cloud of points for some parameters values （no correlation between Master laser ML and Slave laser SL outputs）. It means that the two lasers are decoupled. It can be clearly seen when kf = 0.2, kinj = 0.4 and τ = 1 the correlation between these two laser outputs are in a diagonal line, which implies the excellent correlation between them and verifies their synchronization. It is evident that the synchronization quality of open-loop scheme improves for this value is better than that of the other amounts. Value is better than that of the other amounts.

Vishay公司汽车级Power Metal Strip电阻WSHP2818

Vishay推出新的功率等级达10W且采用2818外形尺寸的汽车级Power Metal Strip电阻WSHP2818。Vishay Dale WSHP2818在较小的占位面积内具有与尺寸更大电阻相当的高功率,在汽车、工业、消费和计算机产品中能节省空间,减少元器件数量,而且用表面贴装替换引线电阻能大大加快组装速度。新发布的器件采用独有的结构,这种结构改进了热管理设计,使这颗10W电阻在2818封装尺寸内还能保持Power Metal Strip结构的优良电气特性。

Residue Based Open-Loop Modal Analysis Method for Detecting LFMR of PMSG-WFs Penetrated Power Systems

This paper proposes a residue based open-loop modal analysis method to detect low frequency modal resonance(LFMR),including asymmetric low frequency modal attraction(ALFMA)and asymmetric low frequency modal repulsion(ALFMR),of permanent magnetic synchronous generator based wind farms(PMSG-WFs)penetrated power systems.The formation of ALFMA and ALFMR caused by two open-loop low frequency oscillation(LFO)modes moving close and apart is analyzed in detail.Via predicting the trajectories of closed-loop LFO modes based on calculation of residue of open-loop LFO modes,both ALFMA and ALFMR can be detected.The proposed method can select LFO modes which move to the right half complex plane as control parameters vary.Simulation studies are carried out on a three-machine power system and a four-machine 11-bus power system to verify the properties of the proposed method.

Connections Between Induction Generator Effect and Open-loop Modal Proximity to Cause Sub-synchronous Oscillations in Series-compensated Power System

The induction generator effect(IGE)and the openloop modal proximity(OLMP)are two different reasons why subsynchronous oscillations(SSOs)in a series-compensated power system(SCPS)may occur.The IGE attributes the growing SSOs to negative resistance,while the OLMP explains the SSO mechanism from the standpoint of modal conditions.In this paper,we investigate the connections between the IGE and the OLMP through equivalent RLC circuit and open-loop modal analysis.Our investigation is conducted for two types of seriescompensated power systems where either a synchronous generator or a DFIG is connected at the sending end.The investigation reveals the conditions,in which the IGE and the OLMP may jointly cause the growing SSOs,i.e.,both the IGE and the OLMP can explain why the growing SSOs occur.Furthermore,the investigation indicates that the IGE and the OLMP may be totally irrelevant and lead to growing SSOs separately.This implies that it is possible that in a SCPS,the growing SSOs are only due to the IGE,and the OLMP is non-existent,and vice versa.Hence,when the growing SSOs occurs in a SCPS,examination based on both the IGE and the OLMP should be carefully conducted in order to find if the oscillatory instability is due to the IGE,or the OLMP,or both of them.

水源热泵系统的相关问题

从水源热泵系统的概念及工作原理谈起 ,介绍了其发展历史和现状 ,并指出了该系统在应用中的一些问题 ,最后就水源热泵系统的应用进行了前景展望。

水源热泵应用与水体热污染

提出了采用水源热泵作为空调冷热源时需考虑向水体排热对环境造成的水体热污染问题,分析了水源热泵造成水体热污染的可能性及预防措施。认为水源热泵的环保特性是具有相对性的,并建议加强能源的整体规划和应用管理。

排热工况下湖水源热泵系统的水体水温计算方法

湖水源热泵利用水体的水温在系统排热或排冷工况下将发生动态变化,水体的水温变化超过水体所能承受的排热或排冷量时,将导致湖水源热泵系统运行不正常甚至瘫痪。在二维初始水温模型的基础上,利用质量和能量方程,建立了水源热泵系统利用水体水温变化的动态模型。通过水流方程与温度方程藕合求解得到水体在带负荷状况下的水温变化模型方程。该计算方法不仅可以为湖水源热泵系统的可行性研究奠定理论基础,也可作为计算利用水体最大热承载能力的前期研究基础。

长江水源热泵开式与闭式实验对比分析

长江水资源丰富,可作为水源热泵系统的低位冷热源。针对长江水源特点进行了开式系统与闭式系统的对比实验,获得了两者的机组性能系数、系统整体性能系数、闭式系统中换热器内水温变化规律以及有效换热管段等参数。分析了对比实验数据,得出本实验中开式、闭式系统热泵机组性能系数分别为3.08和3.77,整体性能系数分别为2.38和2.80。最后对开式和闭式长江水源热泵的应用作了对比分析,指出了应用长江水作低位冷热源必须注意的问题。

多孔介质中沉积颗粒脱离特性试验研究

开展沉积颗粒在多孔介质中脱离过程试验对研究地下水源热泵回灌堵塞过程有重要意义。利用自主研发的砂层沉积–脱离模拟试验系统,研究增加渗流速度和改变渗流方向对多孔介质中已沉积颗粒脱离特性的影响。结果表明:在改变渗流速度大小条件下,渗流速度越大,已沉积的颗粒越容易发生脱离,到达悬浮颗粒相对浓度第二次峰值所需的时间越短,而达到二次峰值时所注入的水量接近;与改变渗流速度大小相比,用改变渗流方向的方式进行沉积颗粒脱离效果更为明显,到达二次峰值所需时间更短、水量更少,但随着时间增加,多孔介质中又会出现类似渗流方向改变前的堵塞现象;渗流条件变化后的初始阶段是已沉积颗粒脱离的主要时期。研究结果为水源热泵回灌过程中悬浮颗粒在地层中的沉积-脱离特性进一步研究奠定了基础。

粒径对多孔介质中悬浮颗粒迁移—沉积特性的影响

粒径变化对悬浮颗粒在多孔介质中迁移—沉积过程影响的研究有重要意义。利用自主研发的砂层迁移—沉积模拟试验系统,研究不同粒径的悬浮颗粒在不同尺寸多孔介质中的迁移—沉积特性。结果表明,对于相同尺寸的多孔介质,随着悬浮颗粒粒径的增加,到达相对浓度峰值时间增加,而对应的相对浓度峰值降低;同时,对于相同粒径的悬浮颗粒,随着多孔介质尺寸增大,相对浓度峰值增加;另外,相对于多孔介质,悬浮颗粒粒径的变化对其迁移—沉积过程影响更为显著;随着多孔介质与悬浮颗粒粒径比增大,相对浓度的峰值和终值增大;根据粒径比不同将悬浮颗粒在多孔介质中的迁移—沉积类型划分为"滤饼过滤型"、"迁移—沉积型"、"自由迁移型"3种。研究结果为水源热泵回灌过程中悬浮颗粒在地层中的迁移—沉积特性进一步研究奠定了基础。

南京地区水源热泵空调系统应用前景分析

分析了南京地区水文地质概况及水源热泵空调系统引用地下水时应注意的问题。同时利用建筑负荷特点与系统运行能耗两种手段 ,分析热源型式、气象条件、建筑特点等因素对系统运行经济性的影响。