Rules for Access of Foreign Capitals to Agricultural Field in Countries along the "Belt and Road"

Agriculture is related to the strategy and security of a country. Every country is very discreet about access of foreign capitals to the agricultural field. Countries along the " Belt and Road" also have imposed restrictions on the access of foreign capitals to the agricultural field.There are restrictions on establishing agriculture-related enterprises,affiliated organizations,and branch offices. Also,there are regulations concerning the scope,proportion,performance requirement,and approval of access of foreign capitals to the agricultural field.

Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Attract Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries？ A Review of the Empirical Literature

States have signed over 3,000 bilateral investment treaties （BITs）. BITs stipulate the terms and conditions by which foreign investors from one country must be treated in another. A series of empirical studies have asked the question, do BITs increase foreign direct investment to less developed countries？ This paper reviews the literature. While the studies come to conflicting results, most studies suffer from the same methodological misstep--they fail to account for variation in treaties. The paper concludes that the most productive path forward for future research efforts includes using dyadic research designs that account for variation in BITs.

Evaluation of the Degree of Opening to the Outside World in Guizhou Province

The goal of economic opening to the outside world is an important basis for formulating and implementing the policy of opening. Different economic development strategies have different requirements for the degree of economic opening to the outside world. Guizhou should implement the open economy and adopt the export-oriented development strategy, which objectively requires Guizhou to gradually improve the degree of opening to the outside world.

Developing Rural Cooperative Finance with Reference to Experience of Foreign Countries

At present,rural credit cooperative is an essential part of rural financial system in China. Since the foundation of new China,especially since the reform and opening-up,rural credit cooperative has become the largest financial organization in rural areas. However,its operation mode needs further improvement and service functions are to be strengthened. Therefore,learning successful mode of rural cooperative finance in foreign countries has important theoretical and realistic significance for promoting development of China's rural cooperative finance.

The development of an open economy in China——A retrospective analysis of 30 years of opening to the outside world

China’s three decades of opening to the outside world are a historical process of establishing and developing an open economy. This process can be divided into four stages:1) reducing regulation,rejuvenating the trade regulatory regime and delegating management rights to foreign-trade operators;2) developing foreign trade firms into de facto market entities; 3)pursuing trade liberalization and establishing an open economic system in conformity with international rules;4) furthering improvement and innovation in infrastructure. At the initial stage of establishing an open economy,China restructured its foreign trade system and learned valuable lessons about liberalization through system transition.China experimented with bold breakthrough initiatives in special economic zones and open coastal cities,and correctly selected an export-oriented development strategy. Two core policies underlying China’s open economy are the strengthening of bilateral and multilateral trade relationships,and realigning the institutional environment to comport with international rules.China’s open economy occupies an important position in the national economy. Moreover,it has become an important part of state’s macro-economic regulation and is exerting growing influence on the world economy.

Toward a sustainable future:Examining the interconnectedness among Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),urbanization,trade openness,economic growth,and energy usage in Australia

The energy demand in Australia is increasing with the industrialization and rapid economic growth.This study analyzed the relationships among the economic growth,Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage in Australia based on the data from World Development Indicators(WDI)from 1972 to 2021.The results indicates that there is a cointegration among economic growth,FDI,trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage,which was traced through the autoregressivedistributed lag(ARDL).The Zivot-Andrews unit root test reveals that energy usage,economic growth,FDI,urbanization,and trade openness show significant structural breaks in 1993,1996,1982,2008,and 1994,respectively.The ARDL model shows that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on energy usage in the long-run(0.814)and short-run(0.809).Moreover,the results also show that FDI(0.028)and trade openness(0.043)have positive impacts on energy usage in the long-run.However,urbanization shows a negative and significant influence on energy usage in the long-run(–0.965).Then,the research demonstrates a unidirectional causation between energy usage and trade openness,with energy usage significantly causing trade openness.The current study endorses energy consumption policies and investment strategies for a paradigm shifting from a reliance on fossil fuels as the primary energy source to renewable energy sources.These findings have profound implications for sustainable energy usage.

State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi Addresses the Opening of Symposium on the International Situation and China’s Foreign Relations in 2020

On December 11,2020,State Councilor and Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi attended the opening of the Symposium on the Intermational Situation and China's Foreign Relations in 2020 in Beijing,and delivered a keynote speech entitled“Serving the Country and Contributing to the World:China's Diplomacy in a Time of Unprecedented Global Changes and a Once-in-a-Century Pandemic.”

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investments on Agricultural Sector Output: The Case of Zimbabwe from 2000-2017

This research explored the impact of foreign direct investments on the Agricultural sector output with emphasis on exports in Zimbabwe from 2000-2017.The study sought to establish whether agriculture could flourish in the absence of foreign direct investments.It was also essential to investigate whether the injection of foreign direct investment into the Agriculture sector had a positive or negative impact on the outputs especially agricultural exports.The research used data drawn from a sample of five agricultural products which are tobacco,cotton lint,raw sugar,soya beans,and macadamia nuts.The Ordinary Least Squares and Unit Root tests were used because they assume that FDI can stimulate growth if it brings increasing returns to production and also in the outputs.The research study was a desktop research which used both qualitative and quantitative methods of collecting data.Data were obtained from Zimbabwe Statistics Agency(ZIMSTATS),foreign direct investment figures,and percentages of agricultural investment to total investments were collected from Zimbabwe Investment Authority(ZIA).Questionnaires were also used to obtain data from both those farmers who received and those who did not receive foreign investments as inputs.The results obtained showed that there was a positive relationship which could also be measured by the growth models employed to establish the growth in increased outputs and exports after injecting FDIs into agriculture.Recommendations were made to both farmers and the Ministry of Agriculture to attract more FDIs into Zimbabwe’s Agriculture sector.

Guangxi NGOs Committed to Promoting People-to-People Exchanges with Foreign Countries

In 2019,Guangxi’s Non-governmental Organizations actively engaged in the Belt and Road Initiative to promote closer people-to-people ties among countries along the Belt and Road.Guangxi NGO Network for International Exchanges(GNIE)and its members have taken solid steps to contribute to the building of the Belt and Road Initiative,China’s neighborhood diplomacy and Guangxi’s economic and social development.

The Changes in World Oil Prices, Monetary Factors, and Foreign Index Toward Composite Index Movement： Indonesian Case for the Period of 2005-2011

Capital market is one of the drivers of the economy through the formation of capital investor excess as well as an indicator of a country＇s economy. Movement of stock price index is often influenced by many factors, derived from the company＇s performance, monetary factor, and changes in world oil prices. This study highlights the problem in world oil prices due to political turmoil in the Middle East. The samples are taken from the Jakarta Composite Stock Price Index （JCI）, oil prices, Indonesian inflation rate, Certificate of Bank Indonesia＇s （CBI） rate, and the reserve assets, during the period from January 2005 to December 2011 （84 months）. Using the data published by the Bank of Indonesia, reports of the Central Bureau of Statistics （Biro Pusat Statistik, BPS）, and other relevant sources, the data analyzed through the Eviews 7.1. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of oil prices, foreign stock price index, and monetary variables （inflation rate, CBI rate, country＇s foreign reserves, and others） toward the JCI analyzed through the error correction model （ECM）. Hypothesis testing with the F-test for the 95% confidence level indicates that the oil price, exchange rate （Indonesian Rupiah （IDR）/United States Dollar （USD））, CBI rate, foreign exchange reserves, the Dow Jones Index, and the Taiwan stock index, both simultaneously as well as partially have a significant influence on the JCI.

Making Efforts to Open up New Prospects for Jiangsu's Foreign Economic Work

The Eighth Five-year Plan period wasa fast growing period for Jiangsu’sforeign economic and technical co-operation. Guided by the policy of seizingopportunities, expanding the opening driveand promoting development, all the staff atthe provincial foreign economic front madeevery effort to fulfill the goal of the sus-tained, fast and healthy development in for-

The Model of Open and Distance Learning for Teaching Indonesian Through Socio-Cultural Approach and Psychological Aspects to Students of Indonesian for Foreign

This study aims to find out the effect of the model of ODL （Open and Distance Learning） for teaching Indonesian for foreign and whether this model of ODL implements socio-cultural and psychological approaches. The students＇ learning of Indonesian for foreign is in so many aspects that it must be considered from both psychological aspects of students＇ language and cultural aspects. The research was carried out on foreign students＇ studying Indonesian language. The research method used action research. ODL model developed this concerning how the students are anxious in foreign language learning and language use in accordance with Indonesian culture. The model of ODL for teaching foreign Indonesian uses the Internet facilities such as email, Skype, VolP, Google Talk, circulating document with comments, chat, forum, CD, audio-video, stream media player, and e-learning system. Based on the results of this study which is that students study the model ODL for teaching Indonesian through socio-cultural approach and psychological aspects and students of Indonesian for foreign improve their ability to use the Indonesian language, students are able to converse fluently in Indonesian in accordance with Indonesian culture

The Concept and Thinking of Introducing Multiple Foreign Language Teach ing into Open Education under the Background of“The Belt and Road”

Under the strategic background of“The Belt and Road”,the talents with comprehensive application ability and scientif ic and technological creativity are needed for the international society in the future.At present,Zigong Radio&TV University is in a period of transformation and development.Therefore,the introduction of multiple foreign languages for teaching is especially nec essary for talent cultivation.This paper analyzed the current situation and shortcomings of foreign language teaching in Zigong Ra dio&TV University and put forward the concept and thinking of implementing multiple foreign language teaching in combination with the idea of serving the construction of“The Belt and Road”and the reality of Zigong Radio&TV University.

Visits to Foreign Countries Domestic Seminars and Workshops

CAFIU Council Member Yu Jihua accompanied Vice-President Qi Xuchun to visit New Zealand in September 2016.Council Members Huang Doudou and Xu Shengjie accompanied Vice-President Ji Bingxuan to visit Canada and Albania in May 2016.

Spreading the Word A survey of popular Chinese words shows a growing awareness of the language in foreign countries

Chinese pinyin, the commonly used system for Romanizing standard Chinese, is a special form of the language. Compared with Chinese characters, pin,in boasts an advantage in the process of spreading Chinese culture around the world.

Endotamponades in pars plana vitrectomy for metallic intraocular foreign body associated with endophthalmitis

AIM: To study the criterion-reference of endotamponades in pars plana vitrectomy for metallic intraocular foreign body (MIOFD) associated with endophthalmitis. METHODS:Thirty-six patients of MIOFD with endophthalmitis accorded with Exclusion and inclusion criteria were retrospectively analyzed. A detailed analysis of the patients' natural factors, preoperative examinations, intraoperative endotamponades choice, postoperative complications and therapeutic effects was performed. RESULTS: BSS was used in 4 eyes without obvious retinal damage. There was no postoperative complication and their visual acuity (VA) was improved. Sixteen eyes that had mild retinal damage filled with C3F8 gas. The postoperative VA improved in 10 eyes (62.5%), 4 eyes (25.0%) remained unchanged and 2 eyes (12.5%) decreased. Only 2 cases occurred postoperative retinal detachment in gas group. Another 16 eyes with serious retinal damage were treated with silicone oil. Postoperative VA of 9 eyes (56.3%) improved, 3 eyes (18.8%) remained unchanged and 4 eyes (25.0%) decreased. The silicone oil group had higher incidence of postoperative complications, but the incidence of secondary treatment had no significant different between silicone oil and gas group. CONCLUSION: An appropriate choice of endotamponades in vitrectomy surgery for MIOFB with endophthalmitis is important for prognosis.

Feasibility Analysis and Policy Recommendations for Production of Hybrid Rice Seed in Foreign Countries

In the economic new normal,production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries is the necessity for reducing farmland area occupied by seed production,for ensuring national grain security,realizing cost reducing and quality improving of hybrid rice seed,strengthening competitive power at international market,guiding seed industry of China to go out,building transnational seed groups with core competitive power,establishing close relationship with developing countries,promoting the construction of One Belt One Road strategy,serving overall situation of diplomacy,and setting up excellent international image. It is feasible to produce hybrid seed in foreign countries considering( i) high overall national strength of China,( ii) rapid and healthy growth of China's seed industry and increasingly mature hybrid rice seed production technologies,( iii) excellent climatic conditions of foreign host countries of seed production,and( iv) low land and labor price of foreign host countries of seed production. However,there are social and policy risks,technology and trade barrier risks,market,production,and other risks for production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries. In view of these,it came up with recommendations,including allowing delivering parent seeds of hybrid rice to foreign countries,allowing delivering hybrid rice seed to China,solving the problem of " opening in protection,and protection in opening",and formulating a package of support policies.

Analysis of Foreign Trade Among Slovakia and the Country V4 After the Changeover

The article presents the situation in foreign trade among Slovakia and the country V4 （Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovak Republic） after the changeover in 2009. At a time of economic crisis, Slovakia acceded to the adoption of a common currency--the euro. Prior to the adoption of the euro, apprehensions were raised due to currency decreased export from Slovakia to countries V4. In this article, author analyses the mutual foreign trade of Slovakia with countries of V4 for all commodities in standard international trade classification （SITC） codes. The analysis covers the time before the adoption of the euro from 2004 to 2008 and after the adoption of the euro in the years from 2009 to 2013. It compares the percentage change over the previous year, the balance of foreign trade, and foreign trade turnover. The same analysis is also done for the period prior to the adoption of the euro as a whole and after the adoption of the euro. In the calculations, data from UN Comtrade Database were used, which are indicated in USD. The results indicate that in the transition to the common currency, the euro did not mean for Slovakia worsening trade with V4 countries. Economies of these countries have long been linked and even the possibility of its own monetary policy does not endanger Slovakia＇s export to these countries.