The Impact of Optimizing Details in the Operating Room on the Level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control by Surgeons, as Well as the Effectiveness of Infection Control

Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of optimizing details in the operating room on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital infection prevention and control by surgeons, as well as the effectiveness of infection control. Methods: From January 2022 to June 2023, a total of 120 patients were screened and randomly divided into a control group (routine care and hospital infection management) and a study group (optimizing details in the operating room). Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups in the data of surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, infection rates, and nursing satisfaction, with the study group showing better results (P Conclusion: The use of optimizing details in the operating room among surgeons can effectively improve surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, reduce infection occurrence, and is worth promoting.

A Cascading Fault Path Prediction Method for Integrated Energy Distribution Networks Based on the Improved OPA Model under Typhoon Disasters

In recent times,the impact of typhoon disasters on integrated energy active distribution networks(IEADNs)has received increasing attention,particularly,in terms of effective cascading fault path prediction and enhanced fault recovery performance.In this study,we propose a modified ORNL-PSerc-Alaska(OPA)model based on optimal power flow(OPF)calculation to forecast IEADN cascading fault paths.We first established the topology and operational model of the IEADNs,and the typical fault scenario was chosen according to the component fault probability and information entropy.The modified OPA model consisted of two layers:An upper-layer model to determine the cascading fault location and a lower-layer model to calculate the OPF by using Yalmip and CPLEX and provide the data to update the upper-layer model.The approach was validated via the modified IEEE 33-node distribution system and two real IEADNs.Simulation results showed that the fault trend forecasted by the novel OPA model corresponded well with the development and movement of the typhoon above the IEADN.The proposed model also increased the load recovery rate by>24%compared to the traditional OPA model.

Peak shaving operation optimization of high proportion new energypower generation considering wind-solar complementationand source-load coupling

To optimize peaking operation when high proportion new energy accesses to power grid,evaluation indexes are proposed which simultaneously consider wind-solar complementation and source-load coupling.A typical wind-solar power output scene model based on peaking demand is established which has anti-peaking characteristic.This model uses balancing scenes and key scenes with probability distribution based on improved Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)algorithm and scene reduction technology to illustrate the influence of wind-solar on peaking demand.Based on this,a peak shaving operation optimization model of high proportion new energy power generation is established.The various operating indexes after optimization in multi-scene peaking are calculated,and the ability of power grid peaking operation is compared whth that considering wind-solar complementation and source-load coupling.Finally,a case of high proportion new energy verifies the feasibility and validity of the proposed operation strategy.

Quantitative method for evaluating detailed volatility of wind power at multiple temporal-spatial scales

With the increasing proportion of wind power integration, the volatility of wind power brings huge challenges to the safe and stable operation of the electric power system. At present, the indexes commonly used to evaluate the volatility of wind power only consider its overall characteristics, such as the standard deviation of wind power, the average of power variables, etc., while ignoring the detailed volatility of wind power, that is, the features of the frequency distribution of power variables. However, how to accurately describe the detailed volatility of wind power is the key foundation to reduce its adverse influences. To address this, a quantitative method for evaluating the detailed volatility of wind power at multiple temporal-spatial scales is proposed. First, the volatility indexes which can evaluate the detailed fluctuation characteristics of wind power are presented, including the upper confidence limit, lower confidence limit and confidence interval of power variables under the certain confidence level. Then, the actual wind power data from a location in northern China is used to illustrate the application of the proposed indexes at multiple temporal(year–season–month–day) and spatial scales(wind turbine–wind turbines–wind farm–wind farms) using the calculation time windows of 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h. Finally, the relationships between wind power forecasting accuracy and its corresponding detailed volatility are analyzed to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed indexes. The results show that the proposed volatility indexes can effectively characterize the detailed fluctuations of wind power at multiple temporal-spatial scales. It is anticipated that the results of this study will serve as an important reference for the reserve capacity planning and optimization dispatch in the electric power system which with a high proportion of renewable energy.

Mapping Detailed Soil Property Using Small Scale Soil Type Maps and Sparse Typical Samples

Soil type maps at the scale of I Z 1 000 000 are used extensively to provide soil spatial distribution information for soil erosion assessment and watershed management models in China. However, the soil property maps produced through conventional direct linking method usually suffer low accuracy as well as the lack of spatial details within a soil type polygon. This paper presents an effective method to produce detailed soil property map based on representative samples which were extracted from each polygon on the 1 ： 1 000 000 soil type map. The representative sample of each polygon is defined as the location that can represent the largest area within the polygon. The representativeness of a candidate sample is determined by calculating the soil-forming environment condition similarities between the sample and other locations. Once the representative sample of each polygon has been chosen, the property values of the existing typical samples are assigned to the corresponding representative samples with the same soil type. Finally, based on these representative samples, the detailed soil property map could be produced by using existing digital soil mapping methods. The case study in XuanCheng City, Anhui Province of China, demonstrated the proposed method could produce soil property map at a higher level of spatial details and accuracy： 1） The soil organic matter （SOM） map produced based on the representative samples can not only depict the detailed spatial distribution of SOM within a soil type polygon but also largely reduce the abrupt change of soil property at the boundaries of two adjacent polygons. 2） The Root Mean Squared Error （RMSE） of the SOM map based on the representative samples is 1.61, and it is 1.37 for the SOM map produced by using conventional direct linking method. Therefore, the proposed method is an effective approach to produce spatial detailed soil property map with higher accuracy for environment simulation models.

Current Control Strategy of Chain Circuit STATCOM

在链式静止同步补偿器（static synchronous compen-sator,STATCOM）小信号交流模型的基础上,提出简化的STATCOM电流控制闭环系统;分别对典型Ⅰ型、典型Ⅱ型控制系统的电流调节器进行参数优化及比较,分析表明,对于电流阶跃响应,系统处于线性控制状态时超调量相对百分比不变,处于限幅非线性状态时超调量绝对值不变;采用比例调节器的典型I型系统稳态精度稍差,但动态控制精度较高,适合用于链式STATCOM工程装置;在a-b-c坐标系下仿真表明,应用优化设计的典型Ⅰ型系统控制参数,链式STATCOM输出电流可以快速跟踪参考值变化,具有良好的稳定性和跟踪精度。

Stress concentration coefficients of optimized cope-hole welded detail

The fatigue performance of optimized welded detail has been investigated by fatigue experiments of three welded specimens under different loadings.In addition,local finite element models of this welded detail were established using finite element software ANSYS.The influences of different factors such as plate thickness,plate gap and initial geometric imperfections on the stress concentration coefficient(SCC) were discussed.The experimental results indicate that the fatigue life of three specimens for this welded detail is 736,000,1,044,200 and 1,920,300 times,respectively.The web thickness,the filler plate thickness and the initial geometric imperfection have relatively less effect on the SCCs of this welded detail.However,cope-hole radius is influential on the SCCs of the web and the weld.The SCC of weld is significantly affected by the weld size and plate gap,but the SCCs of other parts of the welded detail are hardly affected by the plate gap.

“国土空间规划+OBE”导向的控制性详细规划教学优化研究

我国正处于国土空间规划体系完善的进程中,控制性详细规划是国土空间规划“五级三类”体系中承上启下的一环,控制性详细规划课程作为城乡规划专业的核心必修课程,在新的国土空间规划背景下亟待改革和创新。自2020年以来,河北工业大学与时俱进,针对控制性详细规划课程,进行了大量调整和优化,课程结构由之前的纯设计课程调整为“理论课程+设计教学”两部分,然而,课程运行过程中出现了理论课程与设计教学之间衔接不够通顺、教学与行业实践脱节等问题。以国土空间规划相关规范、标准、指南为总引领,优化更新了理论部分的教学内容,调整了学时,并引入OBE理念,从教师、学生两个角色出发,优化了设计课程的教学过程,具体体现为:教师团队“1+1+1”的全过程把控和翻转引导;学生小组“1+1+1”全设计过程的参与协作和自主内化;“学生小组+教学团队”的自主反馈机制和全过程评价机制。强调持续改进是OBE理念的重要内涵之一,控制性详细规划课程的改革与优化将在新的机遇和挑战下持续进行,服务于城乡规划专业人才培养和高质量的人居环境建设。

甲骨文典型细节特征研究

甲骨文为早期成体系的古代文字,字形仍然保留着较多的形象特征,书写大多不太固定,字形往往呈现出一些差异,如笔画多少不一、形体朝向不定、部件不固定、结构不定型等。但其中的关键细节相对比较一致,具体表现在笔画的曲直、笔画的长短、书写的方向、强化的特征、选取的对象以及部件的组合关系等方面。这些有意为之的细节,除了忠实记录着原始信息之外,也有不少出于区分字形和区别字义的考虑。典型细节中蕴含着的重要的构形信息,对字义的传达至为关键,对字形的演变产生了深远的影响。

基于演化多目标聚类的SAR图像变化检测

基于合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的变化检测是遥感领域中一项具有挑战性的任务,如何在噪声鲁棒性和有效保留细节之间取得平衡是一个迫切需要解决的问题。然而,大多数SAR图像变化检测方法为了更好地抑制斑点噪声,不可避免地会在一定程度上丢失图像细节。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种基于演化多目标聚类的SAR图像变化检测多目标聚类算法,将变化检测问题转化为一个多目标优化问题。该方法同时构建了两个相互冲突的目标,即分别基于原始差异图与噪声滤波后差异图的聚类能量函数,并用基于分解的演化多目标优化算法MOEA/D对以上目标函数进行优化,实现对差异图不变区域与变化区域的聚类。利用该技术可得到一组变化检测图,用户可以根据自己的需求选择合适的结果。最后,在两个SAR图像数据集上进行了充分的实验,结果表明了该方法的有效性。

基于半监督竞争聚类和改进Apriori算法的大型火电机组燃烧优化

为消纳大规模新能源并网,火电机组通过数据挖掘进行燃烧优化时需处理更高维度、更大存量的数据,现有无监督聚类/Apriori算法挖掘效率低不适应机组高灵活性运行要求。针对此问题,在无监督聚类算法中引入约束惩罚因子使之转为半监督聚类以提高聚类效率,并基于划分思想对Apriori算法进行改进以避免冗余规则的产生,提高挖掘效率,形成基于半监督竞争聚类与划分关联规则挖掘结合的新数据挖掘算法。以某电厂660 MW机组为例,用新算法进行数据挖掘,得到各运行参数优化值,建立典型样本库实施燃烧优化,并与改进前算法做对比。结果表明:新算法提高了挖掘效率与存储空间利用率,对于大型火电机组的燃烧优化有一定的实际应用价值。

水电站中长期多尺度调峰能力计算方法研究

调峰能力是衡量水电站调峰性能的重要特性指标。对含风光等新能源的区域电网,开展水电站的中长期调峰能力研究对提高新能源消纳、促进电网长期稳定运行具有重要意义。以多时间尺度对应的历史典型日负荷过程为基础,利用快速搜索与发现的密度峰值聚类算法提取各尺度下的典型日负荷比例,进而确定日调峰电量的计算方法,作为确定各尺度调峰能力的依据。以调峰电量最大为目标建立相应计算期和时间尺度的调度模型,开展年内月尺度、月内旬尺度和旬内日尺度的逐层优化调度研究。以具有年调节能力的龙滩水电站为研究对象开展实例研究表明,本方法可为区域电网开展中长期电力电量平衡,合理安排梯级水电站各时间尺度的调峰电量提供决策参考。

二代高温超导带材失超特性研究

高温超导带材失超会降低其通流能力,从而影响高温超导装置的运行稳定性。目前,高温超导带材失超仿真模型多为二维计算模型,无法准确模拟其失超过程中的电磁热行为。该文采用有限元方法对二代高温超导带材失超特性进行多物理场耦合分析。在三维直角坐标系下,以磁场强度矢量为求解变量,建立了二代高温超导带材失超演化电磁热仿真模型,研究了二代高温超导带材长度方向与宽度方向在不同热扰动工况下的电磁热特性及其演化过程,分析了高温超导带材过电流失超过程中的各层分流状况与超导层电阻率变化行为,区分了不同类型的过电流失超行为,并提出了高温超导带材过电流冲击失超的电阻率判据。

Y油田低渗透油藏高含水阶段提高采收率研究

低渗透砂岩油藏储量丰富,约占全国储量的2/3以上,开发潜力巨大。该类油藏具有孔渗条件差、储层非均质性强、吸水能力差等特点,开发后期油藏进入高含水阶段,存在水驱效果差、开发难度大、采收率较低等问题,因此亟需探究提高采收率的有效手段。以Y油田低渗透油藏为例,在地质模型和精细油藏描述的基础上,通过生产动态分析和剩余油表征,针对全区水驱储量控制程度低、油井含水高、注采井网不完善的问题,提出了精细注水、注气和水气交替等措施。通过数值模拟方法,对比不同措施的开发效果,优选最佳方案,预测实施调整方案15年后,全区采收率提高12%。该研究成果可为低渗透砂岩油藏高含水期的高效开发提供参考依据和借鉴。

面向两个细则考核的风-储场站日前-日内两阶段功率优化上报策略

针对两个细则考核风功率上报准确率的问题,提出一种可有效降低风-储场站风险考核电量的日前-日内两阶段功率优化上报策略。首先,提出面向两个细则的风-储场站日前-日内功率协同上报框架;然后,以期望考核电量最小化为目标,建立计及储能调节的日前-日内两阶段风-储功率优化上报模型,模型中,日前、日内风功率场景集通过基于预测误差分箱的Cornish-Fisher级数与Cholesky分解法生成;最后,针对模型的多重非线性特征与不同时间尺度的求解效率要求,制定基于小步长线性化迭代的求解算法。算例仿真结果表明,相较其余上报策略与求解算法,该文提出的日前-日内协同上报策略及相应算法有效地提升了上报准确率及求解性能。

面向典型负荷曲线的油浸式电力变压器动态载荷能力评估方法

开展油浸式电力变压器动态载荷能力评估,保障设备安全运行条件下提高设备利用率和迎峰能力,是资产精益化管理的发展方向。该文首先分析动态温升模型的热参数,使用光纤实测的绕组热点温度数据对热参数优化并对温升估算模型进行改进,最终热点温度估算最大误差不超过3K,其次结合变压器运行工况,综合考虑热点温度、顶层油温、寿命损失及套管和分接开关最大允许电流等约束,提出了一种基于负荷循环迭代的变压器动态载荷能力评估方法,并分析了典型负荷曲线及环境温度曲线的提取方法,最后针对变压器在不同场景下的多个动态载荷能力评估应用实例进行研究,确定变压器的动态载荷能力及限制因素。结果表明,套管和分接开关最大允许电流可能成为限制变压器动态载荷能力的主要因素,较额定工况,不同场景下变压器载荷能力可提升28%以上,具有较大的载荷潜力。

基于模型预测控制的多钢筋并行排布智能深化设计方法

传统钢筋深化设计的大量排布工作是基于手动或半自动化的方式完成的,时间及人工成本较高。目前基于单根钢筋的智能设计方法存在3个问题:同向钢筋没有共享机制,无法利用相似信息,造成大量重复性计算;钢筋之间不具备协同机制,无法保证钢筋前后左右间距的一致性;优化策略基于局部信息进行智能体轨迹规划,难以应对复杂和特殊的钢筋排布场景。为解决上述问题,提出基于模型预测控制(MPC)的多钢筋并行排布智能设计方法,以提高钢筋的排布效率及质量。MPC是一种可以兼顾全局信息和局部信息的寻优策略,通过滚动优化和最优解首元素的应用,提高钢筋应对复杂环境的能力,实现钢筋智能避障和长度优化。多钢筋并行排布策略采用领航跟随者模式实现信息共享和行为协同,利用同向钢筋的相似信息,可减少重复性工作并保证钢筋间距一致。为提高优化效率和质量,结合群体智能的优点进一步改进差分进化算法,并将其作为MPC的求解器。实验结果表明,通过与单钢筋排布方法在不同障碍物情形下的对比,提出的多钢筋并行排布方法能够有效提高钢筋排布的质量、优化效率和应对复杂障碍物场景,并以预制混凝土楼梯构件设计为示例,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。

计及典型日选取与源荷灵活性调节的优化调度研究

针对电网面临的反调峰特性和新能源消纳问题,提出一种计及源荷侧灵活性调节资源的电力系统优化调度模型。首先,根据负荷特点采用改进SSE-PFCM聚类算法求取负荷典型日。其次,基于负荷用户对电价变化的不同响应行为,提取出具有需求响应潜力的两类负荷,并且分别为其构建计及乐观响应隶属度的模糊负荷转移率模型以及需求价格弹性模型。然后,计及需求响应不确定性模型以及火电机组深度调峰,以系统综合运行成本最小为目标构建优化调度模型,采用引入步长弹性系数的改进粒子群算法求解。最后,以改进IEEE 30节点系统为例进行多种场景的仿真计算分析,结果表明所提策略能够有效提升系统可再生能源的消纳能力和系统运行的经济性。

考虑季节性储氢的区域能源系统优化模型

为全面评估新能源、季节性储氢等重大因素对区域能源系统规划的影响,缓解能源供应的季节性矛盾,提出一种考虑季节性储氢的区域能源系统优化模型。首先,根据新能源发电出力的历史数据,运用K-means聚类方法生成典型出力场景,并引入一定置信水平下的极限场景保证模型的鲁棒性;然后,考虑电制氢、季节性储氢等能源技术,充分发挥多场景、多时间尺度下不同能源形式的互补性,以能源供应系统总成本最小为优化目标,计及规划与运行阶段的各类约束,建立区域能源系统优化模型;最后,通过算例分析验证了所建模型在降低供能成本、消纳新能源等方面的有效性。

分布式光伏配电网多级无功联动协调优化

分布式光伏电源并入配电网规模逐渐扩大,致使配电网典型故障发生概率急剧攀升,影响配电网运行的稳定性,提出分布式光伏配电网多级无功联动协调优化方法研究。深入分析分布式光伏电源特性,结合分布式光伏配电网实际情况,将分布式光伏配电网划分为多级规划形式,构建多级无功联动协调优化模型,并确定相应的约束条件,引入交替求解策略制定模型求解程序,模型求解结果即为最佳无功协调优化方案。实验结果显示,在不同典型故障条件下(节点电压幅值最高、节点电压幅值最低与分布式光伏存在无功出力),应用所提方法可以将节点电压控制在稳定范围内,充分证实了所提方法无功协调优化效果更好。