Introduction: In the setting of an extra-adrenal malignancy, it is a recognized clinical challenge to try and distinguish a benign adrenal mass from a metastatic deposit. Current non-invasive diagnostic tools for adre...Introduction: In the setting of an extra-adrenal malignancy, it is a recognized clinical challenge to try and distinguish a benign adrenal mass from a metastatic deposit. Current non-invasive diagnostic tools for adrenal gland evaluation include CT, MRI, PET and PET-CT. Diagnostic interpretative error can occur as evaluations rarely have complete cytologic or histologic correlation for concordance purposes. Aims: To establish the performance characteristics of non-contrast CT attenuation values (Hounsfield units-HU) and the optimal PET-CT maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) for predicting adrenal malignancy when correlated with adrenal gland endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS FNA) cytology results. Methods: A prospectively maintained EUS database was reviewed to identify consecutive patients who underwent a left adrenal gland FNA. Non-contrast CT attenuation values and SUVmax scores were calculated. EUS FNA cytology results were used as the reference standard for determining the presence of benign versus malignant adrenal gland status. Results: Sixty-two patients (69 ± 11 years) underwent adrenal EUS FNA, 34 (54.8%) of whom had a clinically suspected or established extra-adrenal malignancy. Non-invasive imaging was suggestive of abnormal adrenal morphology or altered PET-CT FDG activity in 45 (72.6%) patients. Elevated attenuation values (≥10 HU) by non-enhanced CT had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 34.6%, respectively. The SUVmax for malignant altered morphology was significantly higher than that for benign lesions [(8.5 ± 3.1 vs 3.3 ± 0.7;(p = 0.0001)]. ROC curve analysis indicated that an optimum cutoff SUVmax of ≥4.1 (AUC 0.92) yielded the best power distinction for malignancy with a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 100%. Conclusion: When evaluating altered adrenal morphology by non-invasive methods, the performance characteristics of elevated CT attenuation values are suboptimal. But by adopting a SUVmax cut-off value of ≥4.1 could potentially improve such characteristics to detect malignancy.展开更多
Sago mushrooms (SMs) are an edible fungus that is favorite food for community in Papua and West Papua, Indonesia in particular. This work aims to determine the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of SM...Sago mushrooms (SMs) are an edible fungus that is favorite food for community in Papua and West Papua, Indonesia in particular. This work aims to determine the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of SMs growing naturally in Manokwari. Morphological characteristic of SMs that grows wild in Manokwari has an average of pileus diameter 9.53 cm, pileus weight 21.53 grams, and pileus color. The pileus color is divided into three colors: outer circle color is RHS163D, middle circle color is RHS199B, and inner circle color is RHS199A. Average of stipe diameter, length, and weight is 1.00 cm, 10.43 cm, and 9.15 gram respectively. Stipe is a yellowish white color (RHS155B). SMs nutrient content that grows naturally in Manokwari is potassium 1394.02 milli-grams and calcium 13.37 milligrams per 1000 grams fresh weight. The others nutrient contents of SMs that are measured are fat 1.01 grams, protein 1.30 grams, carbohydrates 0.18 grams, phosphorus 0.34 milligrams, and energy 15.01 kilocalories per 100 grams of fresh weight.展开更多
Nanoparticles of cerium oxide were prepared by common precipitation method using cerium nitrate solution and ammonia reagent. Cerium oxide particles with different morphologies were synthesized through adjusting pH va...Nanoparticles of cerium oxide were prepared by common precipitation method using cerium nitrate solution and ammonia reagent. Cerium oxide particles with different morphologies were synthesized through adjusting pH values of the solution. TEM and BET results showed that spherical crystal was gained in acid solution, with the specific surface of 148. 1944 m2·g^-1. The cerium oxide appeared in the form of spherical and rod-like grains under neutral condition, and the specific surface changed to 114.7975 m^2·g^-1. Moreover, in alkaline solution, cerium oxide powders were exhibited in rod-like form with the specific surface of 106.2465 m^2·g^-1. Precipitation formation mechanism of different morphologies was also discussed, which followed decomposition precipitation mechanism and topology reaction mechanism in acid and alkaline solution, respectively.展开更多
[ObJective] The research aimed to determine the geographic distribution map of system of Rana dybowskii. [Method] Four morphologic indices （body length, body weight, forelimb length, hindlimb length） of eight geogra...[ObJective] The research aimed to determine the geographic distribution map of system of Rana dybowskii. [Method] Four morphologic indices （body length, body weight, forelimb length, hindlimb length） of eight geographical populations of R.dybowskii which naturally distribute in Changhai Mountain and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain were measured. Measure results were variance analyzed and cluster analyzed. [Result] Variance analysis showed： the genetic branching among the Dongfanghong male population（ belongs to Wandashan） and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain male population and Changbai Mountain male population were significantly different （P〈0.05） ; the genetic branching between the Hebei female population （belongs to Xiaoxing＇an Mountain） and Changbai Mountain female population was significantly different （P〈0.05 ）. Cluster analysis showed ： male R.dybowskii can be divided into three groups ： the first group included Quanyang, Tianbei, Chaoyang and Ddkouqin, the second group included Tieli and Anshan, the third group included Dongfanghong; and the female R. dybowskii can be divided into three groups ： the first group included Quanyang and Chaoyang, the second group included Tianbei and Dakouqin, the third group included Hebei. [Condusion] The paper deduced that the Sanjiang Plain was the geographical origin center ofR. dybowskii which radiated to Changbai Mountain and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain along the adverse current of Songhua River basin, therefore, the current distribution pattern of R. dybowskii was formed.展开更多
文摘Introduction: In the setting of an extra-adrenal malignancy, it is a recognized clinical challenge to try and distinguish a benign adrenal mass from a metastatic deposit. Current non-invasive diagnostic tools for adrenal gland evaluation include CT, MRI, PET and PET-CT. Diagnostic interpretative error can occur as evaluations rarely have complete cytologic or histologic correlation for concordance purposes. Aims: To establish the performance characteristics of non-contrast CT attenuation values (Hounsfield units-HU) and the optimal PET-CT maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) for predicting adrenal malignancy when correlated with adrenal gland endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS FNA) cytology results. Methods: A prospectively maintained EUS database was reviewed to identify consecutive patients who underwent a left adrenal gland FNA. Non-contrast CT attenuation values and SUVmax scores were calculated. EUS FNA cytology results were used as the reference standard for determining the presence of benign versus malignant adrenal gland status. Results: Sixty-two patients (69 ± 11 years) underwent adrenal EUS FNA, 34 (54.8%) of whom had a clinically suspected or established extra-adrenal malignancy. Non-invasive imaging was suggestive of abnormal adrenal morphology or altered PET-CT FDG activity in 45 (72.6%) patients. Elevated attenuation values (≥10 HU) by non-enhanced CT had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 34.6%, respectively. The SUVmax for malignant altered morphology was significantly higher than that for benign lesions [(8.5 ± 3.1 vs 3.3 ± 0.7;(p = 0.0001)]. ROC curve analysis indicated that an optimum cutoff SUVmax of ≥4.1 (AUC 0.92) yielded the best power distinction for malignancy with a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 100%. Conclusion: When evaluating altered adrenal morphology by non-invasive methods, the performance characteristics of elevated CT attenuation values are suboptimal. But by adopting a SUVmax cut-off value of ≥4.1 could potentially improve such characteristics to detect malignancy.
文摘Sago mushrooms (SMs) are an edible fungus that is favorite food for community in Papua and West Papua, Indonesia in particular. This work aims to determine the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of SMs growing naturally in Manokwari. Morphological characteristic of SMs that grows wild in Manokwari has an average of pileus diameter 9.53 cm, pileus weight 21.53 grams, and pileus color. The pileus color is divided into three colors: outer circle color is RHS163D, middle circle color is RHS199B, and inner circle color is RHS199A. Average of stipe diameter, length, and weight is 1.00 cm, 10.43 cm, and 9.15 gram respectively. Stipe is a yellowish white color (RHS155B). SMs nutrient content that grows naturally in Manokwari is potassium 1394.02 milli-grams and calcium 13.37 milligrams per 1000 grams fresh weight. The others nutrient contents of SMs that are measured are fat 1.01 grams, protein 1.30 grams, carbohydrates 0.18 grams, phosphorus 0.34 milligrams, and energy 15.01 kilocalories per 100 grams of fresh weight.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50525413)
文摘Nanoparticles of cerium oxide were prepared by common precipitation method using cerium nitrate solution and ammonia reagent. Cerium oxide particles with different morphologies were synthesized through adjusting pH values of the solution. TEM and BET results showed that spherical crystal was gained in acid solution, with the specific surface of 148. 1944 m2·g^-1. The cerium oxide appeared in the form of spherical and rod-like grains under neutral condition, and the specific surface changed to 114.7975 m^2·g^-1. Moreover, in alkaline solution, cerium oxide powders were exhibited in rod-like form with the specific surface of 106.2465 m^2·g^-1. Precipitation formation mechanism of different morphologies was also discussed, which followed decomposition precipitation mechanism and topology reaction mechanism in acid and alkaline solution, respectively.
文摘[ObJective] The research aimed to determine the geographic distribution map of system of Rana dybowskii. [Method] Four morphologic indices （body length, body weight, forelimb length, hindlimb length） of eight geographical populations of R.dybowskii which naturally distribute in Changhai Mountain and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain were measured. Measure results were variance analyzed and cluster analyzed. [Result] Variance analysis showed： the genetic branching among the Dongfanghong male population（ belongs to Wandashan） and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain male population and Changbai Mountain male population were significantly different （P〈0.05） ; the genetic branching between the Hebei female population （belongs to Xiaoxing＇an Mountain） and Changbai Mountain female population was significantly different （P〈0.05 ）. Cluster analysis showed ： male R.dybowskii can be divided into three groups ： the first group included Quanyang, Tianbei, Chaoyang and Ddkouqin, the second group included Tieli and Anshan, the third group included Dongfanghong; and the female R. dybowskii can be divided into three groups ： the first group included Quanyang and Chaoyang, the second group included Tianbei and Dakouqin, the third group included Hebei. [Condusion] The paper deduced that the Sanjiang Plain was the geographical origin center ofR. dybowskii which radiated to Changbai Mountain and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain along the adverse current of Songhua River basin, therefore, the current distribution pattern of R. dybowskii was formed.
