Mechanisms of root-soil reinforcement in bioembankments of sloping farmland in the purple hilly area,China

Bio-embankment is an important soil and water conservation measure in the purple hilly area in China,which can effectively improve the ability of cultivated soil layers to resist rainfall erosion and runoff scour.In contrast,the ecological effect of bioembankment depends on the stability of the earth bank.Taking the natural grass bank as a control(CK),the root distribution,root tensile properties and shear resistance of root-soil composites for 3 typical soil and water conservation bio-embankments,namely,Morus alba Linn(Morns),Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim(Zanthoxylum)and Medicago sativa(Medicago)were analysed.The results included the following:(1)The root system of the bio-embankments generally decreased in extent with the soil depth;fine roots in the o-io cm depth were most prevalent and significantly higher than those at the other depths,and coarse roots were mainly distributed in the o-30cm layer.(2)The stress-strain curves of the roots of each bio-embankment were single-peak curves without clear strain softening phenomena.The smaller the root diameters were,the smoother the stress-strain curves,and the lower the capability of the earth bank to resist collapse.The larger the root diameters were,the lower the tensile strength.The average root tensile force was highest for Zanthoxylum(73.91 N),followed by Medicago(68.07N)and Morus(61.88 N),and the average root tensile strength showed the same trend,16.52 MPa for Zanthoxylum,16.08 MPa for Medicago and 13.02MPa for Morus.(3)The bio-embankment measures significantly improved the soil shear resistance,especially under vertical loads of 1oo kPa and 200kPa.The soil internal friction angle showed a significant log-positive correlation with root morphological parameters of root length density(RLD),root surface area density(RSAD) and rootweight density(RWD),while the soil cohesion force showed a positive linear correlation with these parameters.The results provide effective parameters supporting for the design of bio-embankments and promoting the use of soil reinforcement with suitable species selection in protective earth banks for stability in the purple hilly area.

Estimation of soil reinforcement by the roots of four postdam prevailing grass species in the riparian zone of Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Soil erosion and bank degradation is a major post-dam concern regarding the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The development and succession of vegetation is a main countermeasure,especially to enhance bank stability and mitigate soil erosion by the root system. In this study, the roots of four prevailing grass species, namely, Cynodon dactylon, Hemarthria altissima, Hemarthria compressa, and Paspalum paspaloides, in the riparian zone were investigated in relation to additional soil cohesion. Roots were sampled using a single root auger. Root length density（RLD） and root area ratio（RAR） were measured by using the Win RHIZO image analysis system. Root tensile strength（TR） was performed using a manualdynamometer, and the soil reinforcement caused by the roots was estimated using the simple Wu＇s perpendicular model. Results showed that RLD values of the studied species ranged from 0.24 cm/cm3 to20.89 cm/cm3 at different soil layers, and RLD were significantly greater at 0–10 cm depth in comparison to the deeper soil layers（＆gt;10 cm）. RAR measurements revealed that on average 0.21% of the reference soil area was occupied by grass roots for all the investigated species. The measured root tensile strength was the highest for P. paspaloides（62.26MPa） followed by C. dactylon（51.49 MPa）, H.compressa（50.66 MPa）, and H. altissima（48.81MPa）. Nevertheless, the estimated maximum root reinforcement in this investigation was 22.5 k Pa for H.altissima followed by H. compressa（21.1 k Pa）, P.paspaloides（19.5 k Pa）, and C. dactylon（15.4 k Pa） at0–5 cm depth soil layer. The root cohesion values estimated for all species were generally distributed at the 0–10 cm depth and decreased with the increment of soil depth. The higher root cohesion associated with H. altissima and H. compressa implies their suitability for revegetation purposes to strengthen the shallow soil in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Although the soil reinforcement induced by roots is only assessed from indirect indicators, the present results still useful for species selection in the framework of implementing and future vegetation recovery actions in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir and similar areas in the Yangtze River Basin.

Strength of Thin-Walled Lipped Channel Section Columns with Shell-Shaped Curved Grooves

Thin-walled member is structurally superior to a construction member. However, by reason of complexity in structure the stress and the deformation to yield the cross section are complicated. Specially, in case thin-walled members, such as thin-walled channel section columns, which are subjected to compressive force, these members produce the local buckling, distortional buckling and overall buckling. A number of experimental and theoretical investigations subjected to axial compressive force are generated for thin-walled channel section columns with triangle-shaped folded groove by Hancock [1] and with complex edge stiffeners and web stiffeners by Wang [2]. In case thin-walled channel section column with folded groove which is subjected to axial compressive force, it is cleared that the buckling mode shapes are ordinarily generated for local buckling mode shape of plate-panel composing cross section of member in short member aspect ratio and overall buckling mode shape as column and distortional buckling mode shape interacting between local buckling and overall buckling similarly normal thin-walled member. It is cleared analytically and experimentally that buckling strength and critical strength of thin-walled channel section column with folded groove can increase sharply in comparison with that of normal thin-walled member composing only plate-panel. In this paper a new cross section of shell-shaped curved groove [3] was proposed instead of the thin-walled lipped channel section column with triangle- and rectangle-shaped folded grooves used ordinarily, and therefore the comparison and the examination of buckling strength and buckling behavior were generated in the case of preparing triangle-shaped folded and shell-shaped curved grooves to web and flange of thin-walled channel section column. And then in order to investigate the buckling behavior on the thin-walled channel section column with folded and curved grooves, exact buckling strength and the buckling mode shapes are generated by using the transfer matrix method. The analytical local distortional and overall elastic buckling loads of thin-walled channel section column with folded and curved grooves can be obtained simultaneously by use of the transfer matrix method. Furthermore, a technique to estimate the buckling mode shapes of these members is also shown.

Transitional Recovery Voltages at Capacitive Currents Switching-off by Vacuum and SF6 Circuit-Breakers

Results of calculation the recovery voltages conditioned by capacitive currents switching-off by high voltage vacuum and auto-compression （SF6） circuit-breakers are presented in the article. The purpose of research was evaluating the maximum values of recovery voltages and also studying the dependence of recovery voltages on some influencing factors, especially on type of circuit-breaker presented in numerical models with its dielectric strength restoration law, chopping current and operation time. The research was carried out with using computer simulation.

基于水流牵引力的河道岸坡稳定性分析

基于极限平衡理论,结合水平条分法,将Bishop法的竖直条间力关系转换到水平土条上,推导出水流牵引力作用下均质岸坡稳定安全系数的理论计算公式,将其结果与ABAQUS有限元软件的强度折减法模拟的计算结果进行对比分析。结合工程实际,分析水流牵引力对不同坡比河流岸坡的稳定性影响规律。结果表明,理论计算公式与软件模拟的结果基本吻合,误差不超过2.1%。河流中水流牵引力会增大岸坡土体的下滑力矩,降低河流岸坡土体稳定安全系数;当岸坡土体遭受降雨、坡脚土体劣化作用等多因素作用下而处于临界稳定状态时,水流牵引力可能成为滑坡启动的关键因素;在河流岸坡失稳滑动时,水流牵引力将导致滑体向河道方向滑移更远距离,加重滑坡对河流航道安全的危害;坡度越陡,岸坡稳定安全系数受水流牵引力的影响越大。在进行高陡河流岸坡稳定性分析时,水流牵引力是与强降雨、泥石流等因素同样重要且不可忽视的导致岸坡灾变失稳的外部荷载作用。

浔江南岸灌区工程总体方案研究

大型灌区是我国粮食和优质农产品的主要产区。新时期国家粮食安全、乡村振兴等发展战略对大型灌区建设提出了新要求。本文基于新时期灌区发展在保障粮食安全、水安全、区域水网建设、乡村振兴等方面要求,针对梧州市浔江南岸区域水资源和土地资源情况,提出浔江南岸灌区工程总体方案,构建灌区水资源配置格局和水网工程体系,满足灌区农业灌溉和城乡供水要求,保障区域粮食生产安全和供水安全,助推乡村振兴和区域水网建设。

圆筒型FPSO总体强度校核设计波优化算法

针对圆筒型FPSO总体结构强度准静态设计方法依赖工程师经验的局限性,将设计波法引入圆筒型FPSO总体结构强度校核,提出了针对特征荷载选择的优化算法。该方法通过分析圆筒型FPSO总体结构承载特点和失效模式,结合常用特征载荷中有相同设计波的特征荷载,选择了舷侧外板波浪压力、上部模块重心处的水平和垂向加速度,作为设计波筛选的特征载荷;并根据圆筒型FPSO结构对称性,减少加载浪向,优化设计波搜索相位;基于本文方法的校核工况减少了60%,有效提升了校核效率。该方法已被应用于中国首条完全自主设计的圆筒型FPSO“海洋石油122”平台的强度校核中,校核结果通过了挪威船级社认证,该平台目前已完成设计,进入建造阶段,这也说明了本方法的可行性以及对后续同类FPSO设计的借鉴意义。

基于机器学习的高强钢焊接等截面箱型柱整体稳定性预测方法

目前,针对高强钢构件整体稳定性的研究多采用有限元建模或实验室试验方法,而基于机器学习的预测方法能够显著提升预测的准确性和便捷性。为了准确预测高强钢焊接等截面箱型柱的整体稳定性,提出使用纤维模型构建数据库并利用机器学习建立预测模型的方法。首先确定模型的输入输出参数,并通过纤维模型方法建立数据库;接着,选用常见的3种不同类型的机器学习模型和现有规范中的经验模型进行预测,并依据评价指标进行性能对比;最后,根据可解释算法分析机器学习模型的合理性。结果表明:大部分机器学习模型预测结果与试验结果吻合度略高于现有规范中的经验模型,其中,高斯过程回归模型对高强钢构件整体稳定性的预测表现最优;机器学习预测模型中各类参数对构件整体稳定性的影响趋势符合预期,验证了机器学习模型的合理性和可靠性;构件的正则化长细比对预测结果影响最大,而构件初始缺陷的影响相对最小。

废弃泥浆制作水泥泡沫轻质土室内试验研究

为处理废弃泥浆,利用水泥协同泥浆制作泥浆水泥泡沫轻质土来修筑高速公路路基。制作了相同重度、不同水固比以及相同水固比、不同重度的泥浆水泥泡沫轻质土试块,测试在标准养护条件下28 d抗压强度,探究泥浆水泥泡沫轻质土水固比、水泥比例与重度对28 d抗压强度的影响。结果表明:泥浆泡沫轻质土的28 d抗压强度与水固比成负相关,与重度和水泥比例成正相关;配制合适的废弃泥浆水泥泡沫轻质土可用于高速公路路基修筑。此外,1 m3泡沫轻质土中,各掺量分别为水泥397 kg、干泥浆193 kg、水383.5 kg、发泡液27.1 kg时,流值为187.3 mm,试块28 d抗压强度可达2.62 MPa,且早期强度较高、水泥用量较少,可作为泥浆水泥泡沫轻质土的推荐配比。

基于降雨—库水作用下的某库岸堆积体滑带土力学性能及损伤模型研究

库水及降雨往复作用下滑带土的力学性能演化是库岸滑坡形成发展及破坏的内在控制因素。基于宏微观室内试验和理论分析手段,研究了干湿循环作用下滑带土性能的劣化机理及力学损伤特性,并建立了基于宏观强度的微观损伤演化模型。结果表明,随干湿循环次数的增加,滑带土内摩擦角和粘聚力均出现降低趋势,剪切强度劣化率随干湿循环扰动程度的增加而显著提高;亲水矿物及干湿循环下的水动力影响效应,使得土样微观结构由致密向疏松多孔转变,颗粒间微裂纹及原生孔隙迅速增加。基于损伤力学和室内试验提出的宏微观损伤模型可有效表征干湿循环作用下滑带土的劣化规律。

钢筋混凝土T梁桥性能提升设计与实践

钢筋混凝土T梁桥作为一种成熟的桥型大量应用于我国公路建设中,经过多年运营,73版钢筋混凝土T梁出现了裂缝、横向联系性能减弱等问题,且旧护栏不具备防撞能力,文章分析了病害产生的原因,并通过增设钢悬臂和钢护栏、横向联系铰接改刚接、粘贴钢板和槽钢等措施提升桥梁护栏防撞性能、横向整体性能、主梁强度和刚度,实施效果良好。

装配式钢筋再生混凝土框架结构超强能力研究

装配式钢筋再生混凝土结构是再生混凝土应用于装配式建筑中的一种新型建筑结构体系,对结构进行抗震性能评估是结构安全分析的核心内容。为进一步评估装配式钢筋再生混凝土结构的抗震性能,文章采用Pushover分析方法,建立了基于结构整体超强系数概念的结构抗震性能评估方法,深度研究分析装配式钢筋再生混凝土结构安全储备能力。算例表明:结构在四级设防水准下全过程的抗震行为表现良好,满足装配式钢筋再生混凝土框架结构“小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒”的抗震设防目标要求。

±1100 kV特高压直流工程1000 kV交流滤波电容器组的研制

1000 kV交流滤波电容器组是昌吉-古泉±1100 kV特高压直流输电工程主要设备之一,用于消除1000 kV侧交流系统的谐波、补偿无功功率和改善系统的电压质量。从技术角度对1000 kV交流滤波电容器组研制进行较为全面的总结,通过采用线性插值法进行电容器组绝缘配合计算分析,推导出电容器塔底部对地绝缘水平(LIWL/SIWL)的计算公式,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立有限元仿真模型验证电容器组的抗震性能和电场强度。对电容器单元不同的降低噪声方案进行噪声测试,对比分析得到降噪效果、经济性和安全性最优的降噪方案。结果表明:1000kV交流滤波电容器组设计和制造满足±1100kV特高压直流输电工程要求,电容器组可以安全可靠运行。

企业全面预算管理存在的问题及应对策略

在企业现代化发展过程中,全面预算管理是不容忽视的话题,需要企业对其加以高度重视,但是现阶段,依然有部分企业全面预算管理能力和水平较低,导致在具体操作中存在或多或少的问题。文章以此为切入点,分析了全面预算管理的内涵和特点,并探讨了其存在的问题,结合自身思考提出了相应的解决策略,希望能帮助企业更加高效地开展全面预算管理工作,进而推动企业实现高水平发展。

Design and Overall Strength Analysis of Multi-Functional Elastic Connections Floating Breakwater System

As a new type of marine structure,floating breakwater can provide suitable water area for coastal residents.In this paper,a multi-module floating breakwater with three cylinders was designed.According to the characteristics of each module,the elastic connector was created.The cabins with functions such as living,generating electricity and entertainment were arranged.A linear spring constrained design wave(LSCDW)method for strength analysis of floating marine structures with multi-module elastic connections was proposed.The numerical model was verified by 1:50 similarity ratio in the test tank.According to the analysis of design wave and extreme wave conditions,considering the mooring loads and environmental loads and connector loads,the overall strength of breakwater was analyzed by LSCDW method.These studies can provide new insights and theoretical guidance for the design of multi-module floating structures.

大兆瓦级钢混塔筒结构载荷及受力特性研究

机组大型化致使塔顶气动推力和俯仰弯矩增加,塔底弯矩载荷大幅度增加,钢混支撑结构逐步成为风电机组大型化发展的有效解决方案。本文基于陆上大容量风机钢混塔筒结构,研究混塔段和钢塔段比例对塔筒载荷和受力分布的影响。结果表明:对于大兆瓦高塔筒风电机组,由于其塔身弯矩较大,截面抗弯模量较高,整机频率邻近3P频率范围;随着混塔段比例增大,塔筒各截面极端载荷和疲劳载荷增大,但轮毂处运动响应减小,结构稳定性增加;不同比例塔筒结构极端荷载作用下同一高度处截面刚度和载荷均较大,混凝土拉压应力减小,载荷影响占比小于结构刚度。钢混塔筒结构设计应同时考虑载荷和结构强度,优化整体结构。

软基堤防整体抗滑稳定计算研究

针对目前软基堤防稳定计算中淤泥软土抗剪强度指标取值问题,根据《堤防工程设计规范》(GB50286-2013),并依托某软基堤防工程,从地基土抗剪强度指标(即快剪指标、十字板原位剪切强度)、整体抗滑稳定计算方法(即瑞典圆弧法和简化毕肖普法)等方面,分析各因素对软基堤防整体抗滑稳定安全系数的影响情况,认为采用地质工程师建议的抗剪强度指标计算的稳定安全系数值最小,而采用十字板剪切强度值计算的稳定安全系数值稍大;并对稳定安全系不满足规范要求断面采用减少疏浚量方案进行加固处理,可为类似软基堤防工程设计提供参考。

基于强度折减法的库岸滑坡三维有限元分析

通过现场踏勘调研,根据滑坡的环境地质条件,详细探讨了该库岸滑坡的成因机制和演化过程,并重点分析了滑坡失稳的影响因素。建立滑坡体的三维有限元模型,运用有限元强度折减理论对其稳定性进行了计算分析。结果表明,滑坡体在天然状况下是稳定的,库水位上升至正常蓄水位时将超过滑坡前缘高程,滑坡安全系数降低,不满足规范规定的最小安全系数的要求,在考虑降雨入渗、库水位骤降时,滑坡进一步趋于危险;在考虑蓄水+地震工况时,库岸滑坡有失稳的可能。据此提出了削坡减载治理措施,治理后滑坡在各工况下的安全系数均满足规范的要求,研究成果对滑坡的治理具有较大的参考价值。

雾化雨入渗对溪洛渡水垫塘区岸坡稳定性的影响

运用不平衡推力传递法编制了考虑非饱和带基质吸力和暂态附加水荷载等作用的岩坡稳定分析程序ZSLP。根据雾化雨模型试验结果和岸坡护面措施可能发挥的功效,拟定了12种分析工况。在12种雾化雨入渗工况下,用ZSLP程序对溪洛渡水垫塘区岸坡进行了稳定分析。分析结果表明,雾化雨入渗能显著降低岸坡的稳定安全系数,安全系数的降幅对护面措施的功效比较敏感,应重视控制雾化雨的入渗。