Research on the Policy Evolution of Inclusive Education from an International Comparative Perspective

In recent years,thanks to the vigorous promotion by UNESCO,inclusive education has rapidly developed and spread worldwide.Governments across various nations have responded and implemented this approach,successively introducing laws and policies to ensure that children with special needs are better integrated into society and receive a comprehensive education.This paper begins by exploring the concept and connotation of inclusive education.Through an international comparative perspective,it conducts a comparative analysis of the policy evolution of inclusive education in China and the United Kingdom.Furthermore,it investigates the implications that advanced international policy experiences have for the development of inclusive education in China.

Revisiting the Spirit of the UDHR and Discussing Human Rights Development——Summary of Views from the Seminar Commemorating the 75th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

On December 4,2023,the China Society for Human Rights Studies hosted a seminar in Beijing commemorating the 75^(th) Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Participants discussed topics such as the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,China’s theories and practices in respecting and safeguarding human rights,the three global initiatives and global human rights governance,human rights protection in the digital age,and telling Chinese stories of human rights in the new era.The discussions led to a broad consensus and achieved positive results.

Human Rights Education in the Perspective of International Human Rights Law

In a statement issued on the 2004 World Human Rights Day, Ms. Louse Arbour, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, described human rights education as a strategy for attainment of ＂human rights for all,＂ as a basic means for developing a universal culture of human rights, as an instrument for promoting equality and involvement of the people in decision-making under democratic mechanisms, and as an investment to prevent infringements upon human fights and to ward off conflicts of violence. It should be noted that so much importance attached by UN human rights organ to human rights education epitomizes the empowering characters of human rights education and the functions it performs in the global human rights system.

On the Combination of “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” —— and a Discussion on “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese Language Studies

In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.

On Autonomy of Will and the Applicable Law of Labor Contract:From the Perspective of Chinese Legislation

There are so many different opinions on whether the autonomy of will is applied in labor contract.In this paper,the author discusses the application and limitation of autonomy of will in labor contract,and puts forward some suggestions on the application of Article 43 of Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships after the introduction of Chinese legislation of the applicable law of labor contract.Autonomy of will is a useful principle in resolving disputes arising from foreign-related labor contract in China.

The Misconception of Religion as the Legal External Appearance of Identity?The Latest Studies of Olivier Roy

The aim of this essay is to retrace the latest theses and hypotheses formulated by Olivier Roy,an influent European scholar who has worked almost all his entire academic drifting in the scientific fields of sociology,political thought,and more recently even in the pragmatic theory of comparative public law.His researches have had seminal consequences in the liberal debate related to the importance of religions in the so called“public sphere”,significantly evolving the level and the deepness of studies on secularization.To recognize this leading figure and the high quality of his historical and political formation does not mean to refuse an open-oriented confrontation with two aspects apparently undervalued in Olivier Roy’s works.First of all,we can still consider(and emphasize)the necessity of a legal theoretical contribution to justify the transition of religions from their static and original normative demand to their current pluralistic variety of internal legal schools,accents,and especially customary practices.Subsequently,we have to image an ultimate criterion to recompose the differences in every cult and in getting an ideally political point of view from each religious belonging in an always more crumbled juridical culture.It cannot be anymore the defense of the Christian roots of Western liberalism,but it could become the opportunity to embrace the universality of human dignity and to tackle the strength of the most arduous social issues in the multicultural society we are living in.

我国高等教育数字化转型建设路径的定性比较分析

高等教育数字化转型是推动高等教育高质量发展的关键举措,也是加快实现高等教育现代化的必由之路｡研究基于TOE框架,从技术､组织､环境三个维度构建高等教育数字化转型分析框架,提炼出数字技术嵌入､战略规划､数字素养与能力､开放教育资源､协作共享五个条件变量｡运用清晰集定性比较分析(csQCA)方法,以组态视角对我国28个高等教育数字化转型典型实践案例进行分析,探索条件变量之间的“多向互动”以及不同条件组合对高等教育数字化转型产生的“联合效应”｡研究发现,单一条件无法单独构成高等教育数字化转型高水平建设的必要条件;高水平建设路径包括“合作驱动型”､“潜力发挥型”和“禀赋优越型”;在特定的客观禀赋条件下,数字技术嵌入和战略规划可以通过等效替代以“殊途同归”的方式推动高等教育数字化转型.

基于中德比较视角下双元制职业教育本土化实践研究

德国双元制职业教育模式是由受教育者、教育企业和政府三方共同参与。中国和德国职业教育的目标是一致的,都是满足国家经济与社会对专业技术人才的需求,推进技术人才个性发展以确保所有人群的职业发展机会。本文阐述了德国双元制职业教育运行模式、运行流程、标准开发和特色优势,比较了中德双元制职业教育的特点,提出了德国双元制职业教育本土化实践关键要素:理念的融通、机制的衔接、模式的创新和标准的开发。为双元制职业教育本土化的实践研究提出了相应的参考。

陕西科技成果转化效率影响因素组态效应研究

为提升科技成果转化效率,促进创新型国家转型和陕西经济高质量发展。文中基于整合视角,运用因子分析法和模糊集定性比较法从制度、组织和资源三个层面探究陕西科技成果转化效率影响因素的组态效应。研究结果发现:单一层面的因素难以决定科技成果转化效率的高低;身份自洽下政策协调型、中介实力下政策供给型、身份自洽下技术资源型是实现陕西科技成果转化高效率的3种组态类型,其中身份自洽在产生科技成果转化高效率上发挥关键作用;组织要素在一定情景下可以弥补政策供给的缺失,组织要素内部的机构实力和身份自洽在一定情景下可以相互替代。研究结论可以为优化陕西科技成果转化政策、促进陕西科技成果高效转化提供专业参考。

从比较视野看中国式现代化对传统现代化理论与实践的多重超越

从大历史的全球比较视野来看,现代化是人类文明不断进步的历程。中国共产党经过百年的艰辛探索,走出了一条中国式现代化道路,创造了人类文明新形态,中国式现代化逐步形成了多重超越。一是从被动到主动,实现了对近代旧式现代化的超越;二是从计划到市场,实现了对苏联经验和模式的超越;三是从资本到人民,实现了对西方资本主义的超越;四是从唯一到多样,实现了对“现代化=西方化”路径的超越。

“双碳”背景下中国海上石油污染防治法律制度的体系化构建

实现碳达峰碳中和已成为中国经济发展和社会转型的重要目标,同时对生态环境法治建设中法律目标确定与法律制度建设提出了新要求。海洋作为地球系统中最大的碳库,在提升生态系统碳汇能力方面扮演着重要的角色。随着海上石油开发利用活动的日益增加,海上勘探、开采、运输及相关作业性活动造成的污染事件频发,推进海洋生态环境污染治理的法治化已成为全球生态环境保护的必然选择。海上石油污染防治法律制度具备一般污染防治法律制度的特征与表现形式,但因其法律关系主体的复杂性、规范内容的不确定性、制度适用的局限性而具有自身的特殊性。海洋环境污染的治理具有天然的国际性,而多极化的时代背景使得全球海洋污染治理更具挑战性。各国的海上石油污染治理体系虽然不同,但通过比较研究发现,其法律制度的构建多依托并服务于国家战略,强调价值理念的引导作用,以及在明确法律责任的基础上侧重构建跨界治理法律实施体系。中国海上石油污染防治的法治建设因法律规范水平与海洋治理需求之间存在明显张力,目前面临着技术性、衔接性、功能性等多重困境。这就亟须理顺多要素法律规范层级制度构建的生成思路,从内容框定、制度衔接、救济保障三个层面系统构建中国海上石油污染防治法律制度体系,包括推进国家责任基础上硬法与软法统筹的法律体系建设,建立跨界合作视域下的海上石油污染风险防范与监管制度,构建以整体性治理为导向的法律救济制度,以期实现对全球海洋污染治理格局变化的积极回应与全球海洋污染治理共识的有效聚合。

复杂视角下乡村旅游地农户可持续生计组态影响研究——以成都市幸福村为例

乡村旅游地农户可持续生计是一个多元因素共同作用的复杂系统,其组态影响研究对于转变当前研究的简单线性思维、深化推动农户生计可持续发展和全面推进乡村振兴具有重要意义。文章基于社会-生态系统理论构建组态影响理论模型,以成都市典型乡村旅游地幸福村的农户为案例,应用模糊集定性比较分析法探究复杂视角下乡村旅游地农户可持续生计组态影响,以揭示农户可持续生计发展背后更为深刻的效应机理。研究发现:1)乡村旅游地农户可持续生计受经济、社会、生态等外因与内因的组态影响,单一因素难以构成影响乡村旅游地农户可持续生计的必要条件,内生动力、旅游产业、土地利用、政策制度、社区治理和自然环境是组态路径中的6大核心影响因素;2)乡村旅游地农户可持续生计组态路径包括4类正向驱动路径和3类负向抑制路径,同向组态路径彼此等价且条件之间具有互补和替代关系,异向组态路径间具有因果关系的非对称性;3)乡村旅游地农户可持续生计多重并发路径的形成受旅游区位和主客观条件的影响。最后基于研究发现提出管理启示,旨在为乡村旅游地农户可持续生计影响机制研究提供复杂组态思路和借鉴。

煤岩介质对水压裂隙扩展的影响机理

为研究不同煤岩介质压裂条件下水压钻孔裂隙起裂压力、起裂位置的变化规律,通过梳理现有理论,对连续介质弹性理论和非连续介质断裂理论2种经典模型进行比较。以王家岭煤矿等9个矿井为研究对象,针对不同介质岩石钻孔的压裂条件,开展室内试验并对结果进行比较,采用比较分析法进一步研究围岩压力、抗压强度对裂隙起裂压力、起裂位置的影响规律。结果表明:不同应力环境中,侧压系数越大,2种介质岩石钻孔开裂所需的起裂压力越大,相差越大,差值(2种压力差与连续介质岩石起裂压力的比值)越小,当侧压系数大于2时,差值无限接近于0;不同介质岩石的抗压强度具有差异性,抗压强度越大,2种介质岩石钻孔起裂压力越大;连续介质理论中起裂位置与围岩压力、抗压强度呈正相关,非连续介质理论中起裂位置始终沿水平应力方向。岩石介质对水压裂隙扩展规律的影响,可以为理论模型的优选提供参考,同时有助于裂隙起裂扩展行为预测。

证据法学视角下污染环境罪的主观罪过形式辨析

将污染环境罪的主观罪过形式认定为单一的故意或者过失的观点,会造成该罪的处罚间隙问题,也不符合司法实践中的实际情况。污染环境罪为双重罪过形式犯罪,故意和过失污染环境的行为均可构成污染环境罪。刑法之所以将污染环境罪设立为双重罪过形式犯罪,是为了解决该罪的主观要件的证明困难问题。双重罪过形式犯罪既降低了证明标准,也降低了法定刑,防止了轻罪重判,因此并不违背罪责刑相适应原则。

英美现代主义诗歌研究:比较视角与跨学科考察——董洪川教授访谈录

本文是对四川外国语大学董洪川教授的学术访谈。董教授回顾了自己从事现代主义诗歌研究30多年的历程,总结了其学术思想、学术观点和研究方法。从英美诗歌研究的比较视角出发,董教授立足本土现代文学经验,以T.S.艾略特为案例深入阐释了英美现代主义诗歌在中国不同历史时期的文化语境中是如何传播的,中国学者和诗人如何创造性地利用西方诗学资源推进中国诗歌的现代化建设。董教授指出,英美现代主义诗歌的跨文化传播和接受研究既要关注本土文学的内在发展逻辑,又要关注不同历史时期的文化过滤现象。他认为,英美现代主义诗歌作为一个整体不仅具有审美形式创新的意义,而且是对西方现代性历史进程的回应、反思和批判,具有介入和批评西方社会现实的人文价值和认知价值。因此,从现代性这一跨学科视角切入,运用历史化方法还原历史语境,对英美现代主义诗歌进行跨学科考察具有极为重要的意义。同时,董教授就英美现代主义诗歌的研究走向提出了自己的看法,并对青年学者提出治学建议与期望。

个人信息出境的国内法规制路径及体系化完善

数字化个人信息的大规模跨境传输使得个人权益、公共利益和国家安全利益受损的风险加剧,国际社会尚未达成统一法律规范予以应对。为维护国家数据主权、促进数据产业发展与保障个人信息安全,各国选择以国内法规制的方式对个人信息出境予以监管,具体表现为国家专门立法、联盟统一立法与国家分散立法。我国通过专门立法规制个人信息出境,形成了“硬性”与“软性”两轨监管机制,但存在分轨监管内容交叉、公私共治监管尚未形成的问题,阻碍个人信息的安全出境。在统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治的背景下,我国应以系统观念加强个人信息出境监管建设,从主体上发挥公私体系的协同性,从规范上强化攻防体系的均衡性,从空间上增进内外体系的互动性,为促成个人信息跨境规制的多边共识贡献中国智慧。