The majority of research on the moral development of nurses is in line with Kohlberg’s theory. However, Gilligan noted that care and justice perspectives coexist in moral conflict, and during the growth process, each...The majority of research on the moral development of nurses is in line with Kohlberg’s theory. However, Gilligan noted that care and justice perspectives coexist in moral conflict, and during the growth process, each complements each other and promotes moral development and maturation. Chally, referring to Gilligan’s theory, which has the perspective of relationship-focused care, argued that the moral development of nurses should be considered from both care and justice perspectives. In this paper, we analyzed publications that used Gilligan protocol to conduct research on moral conflicts experienced by nurses. Given the importance of care and justice perspectives in moral reasoning, Gilligan’s theory, which incorporates both perspectives, is useful for analyzing moral reasoning in nurses. Our analysis suggests that attachment and connections based on relationships with patients and self-care are essential elements of care, and self-care is important in moral decision making. The inequality between nurse and physician roles was an issue raised with the justice perspective. Since nurses’ roles are strongly influenced by their affection toward and connections with their patients, it is important not to overemphasize either perspective.展开更多
The Chinese have created the concept of“humanity,reason and law”and developed a mentality around it.Since Confucianism was highly valued in the Han Dynasty,especially during the Han,Wei,and Six Dynasties periods,the...The Chinese have created the concept of“humanity,reason and law”and developed a mentality around it.Since Confucianism was highly valued in the Han Dynasty,especially during the Han,Wei,and Six Dynasties periods,the exploration and analysis of“humanity and reason”in judicial practice has been widespread.This has led to the“filtering”and examination of laws based on“humanity and reason.”The objective aspect of“humanity”refers to the facts and circumstances of a case,extending to the latent emotions of the people involved.Confucian scholars proposed the principle of“judging a case based on its original sentiments and emotions.”The subjective aspect of“humanity”refers to sentiment and emotion,such as the“willingness”or“unwillingness”of both parties in a divorce case.The combination of the objective and subjective aspects of“humanity”together with their“reason”form the essence of“humanity,reason and law”and is the main content of this concept.“Humanity,reason and law”serves as both a principle of legal formulation and a method of application and interpretation.In modern times,SHEN Jiaben and XIE Juezai were pivotal in the development of“humanity,reason and law”mentality.SHEN Jiaben facilitated the transition from tradition to modernity,while XIE Juezai integrated ancient and excellent traditions into revolutionary legal practices,giving it a modern significance.展开更多
Ronald C.Egan,a renowned American sinologist,is best known for his accurate English translations,exquisite readings,and innovative perspectives on the aesthetic ideas and pursuits of ci poets such as Ouyang Xiu,Su Shi...Ronald C.Egan,a renowned American sinologist,is best known for his accurate English translations,exquisite readings,and innovative perspectives on the aesthetic ideas and pursuits of ci poets such as Ouyang Xiu,Su Shi,and Li Qingzhao,as well as the scholarofficial group of the Northern Song dynasty.However,through his longitudinal study of specific ci poets,he also shows a unique understanding of the development and evolution of ci lyric poetry in the Northern Song.An integrated analysis of Egan's scattered articles on Northern Song ci poetry indicates that gender is key to his understanding of the evolution of ci in the Northern Song.On this basis,Egan has conducted in-depth research on three aspects:the gender perspective of the lyrical protagonists described by ci poets;changes in the form,content,and patterns of writing ci poetry;and new phenomena in ci criticism.His research further enriches the details of the evolution of Northern Song ci poetry and expands its historical research horizon.展开更多
文摘The majority of research on the moral development of nurses is in line with Kohlberg’s theory. However, Gilligan noted that care and justice perspectives coexist in moral conflict, and during the growth process, each complements each other and promotes moral development and maturation. Chally, referring to Gilligan’s theory, which has the perspective of relationship-focused care, argued that the moral development of nurses should be considered from both care and justice perspectives. In this paper, we analyzed publications that used Gilligan protocol to conduct research on moral conflicts experienced by nurses. Given the importance of care and justice perspectives in moral reasoning, Gilligan’s theory, which incorporates both perspectives, is useful for analyzing moral reasoning in nurses. Our analysis suggests that attachment and connections based on relationships with patients and self-care are essential elements of care, and self-care is important in moral decision making. The inequality between nurse and physician roles was an issue raised with the justice perspective. Since nurses’ roles are strongly influenced by their affection toward and connections with their patients, it is important not to overemphasize either perspective.
文摘The Chinese have created the concept of“humanity,reason and law”and developed a mentality around it.Since Confucianism was highly valued in the Han Dynasty,especially during the Han,Wei,and Six Dynasties periods,the exploration and analysis of“humanity and reason”in judicial practice has been widespread.This has led to the“filtering”and examination of laws based on“humanity and reason.”The objective aspect of“humanity”refers to the facts and circumstances of a case,extending to the latent emotions of the people involved.Confucian scholars proposed the principle of“judging a case based on its original sentiments and emotions.”The subjective aspect of“humanity”refers to sentiment and emotion,such as the“willingness”or“unwillingness”of both parties in a divorce case.The combination of the objective and subjective aspects of“humanity”together with their“reason”form the essence of“humanity,reason and law”and is the main content of this concept.“Humanity,reason and law”serves as both a principle of legal formulation and a method of application and interpretation.In modern times,SHEN Jiaben and XIE Juezai were pivotal in the development of“humanity,reason and law”mentality.SHEN Jiaben facilitated the transition from tradition to modernity,while XIE Juezai integrated ancient and excellent traditions into revolutionary legal practices,giving it a modern significance.
文摘Ronald C.Egan,a renowned American sinologist,is best known for his accurate English translations,exquisite readings,and innovative perspectives on the aesthetic ideas and pursuits of ci poets such as Ouyang Xiu,Su Shi,and Li Qingzhao,as well as the scholarofficial group of the Northern Song dynasty.However,through his longitudinal study of specific ci poets,he also shows a unique understanding of the development and evolution of ci lyric poetry in the Northern Song.An integrated analysis of Egan's scattered articles on Northern Song ci poetry indicates that gender is key to his understanding of the evolution of ci in the Northern Song.On this basis,Egan has conducted in-depth research on three aspects:the gender perspective of the lyrical protagonists described by ci poets;changes in the form,content,and patterns of writing ci poetry;and new phenomena in ci criticism.His research further enriches the details of the evolution of Northern Song ci poetry and expands its historical research horizon.
