Empirical Analysis of Agricultural Policy Impacts of Senegal for food Self-sufficiency： The Stochastic Frontier Production of Rice and Maize in Senegal River Valley

The stochastic production function estimates of rice and maize in Senegal River Valley demonstrate the possibility to reach self-sufficiency of rice in Senegal. Nonetheless, its fulfillment requires many accompanying measures in rice and maize production. These measures include all upstream and downstream activities related to agricultural production for their efficiency and sustainability in rice and maize production to maintain the country＇s comparative advantages and competitiveness. Then priorities should be given to agricultural infrastructure building, establishment of credit markets, and providing an easy access of production factors （e.g., improved land, fertilizers, improved and certified seeds, as well as agricultural machines）. Furthermore, policy makers should provide a larger incentive in terms of producer price to encourage farmers to increase considerably their outputs, thereby farmers face smaller risk of having non-sold outputs. And during an early harvesting period, appropriate policy measures are in need to prevent farmers from dumping their products under severe social and economic pressures such as children schooling and loan payment, etc

An Analysis of the Indian Modi Administration's Policy on the South China Sea Issue

Geographically, India is not a country in the region of the South China Sea, nor is it a country concerned in the issue on a geopolitical level or a US ally in the Asia-Pacific region. It has been very cautious to avoid taking sides in the South China Sea issue. However, since Modi took office in 2014, changes have taken place in the external environment that India faces, in maritime safety strategy, as well as in India's policies toward the US and China. India is becoming increasingly active in the issue of the South China Sea, voicing criticism and taking precautions against China. While India's policy on the South China Sea will not be completely the same as that of the United States and Japan, due to concerns for its own interests in the future, it is quite possible that India will take advantage of the issue of the South China Sea and will adopt more comprehensive ways to get involved in the issue.

Some Aspects of Turkey’s South Caucasus Policy at the Modern Stage

The present work deals with Turkey’s Caucasian policy at the modern stage,from about 2000 to 2020.During this period,the Republic of Turkey has revealed a number of interesting initiatives in the South Caucasus,and we think their study is interesting both in terms of understanding Turkish foreign policy and in analyzing the ongoing processes in the South Caucasus.Since its establishment the Republic of Turkey has been interested in having intensive relations with the countries of the South Caucasus.Consequently,Turkey’s South Caucasus policy is constantly being elaborated by Turkish diplomats,scholars,and analysts.You will find many significant details in the studies or evaluations that are public and available to scientists.These works reveal a great effort of Turkey to successfully develop the South Caucasus policy.We note here that this policy works successfully in many components.We have reviewed the works of all the leading authors who write very interestingly about Turkey’s Caucasus policy.

AN ANALYSIS OF ANTONINUS PIUS’ FRONTIER POLICY IN NORTHERN BRITAIN AND ITS REPRESENTATION OF HIS PRINCIPATE

The accession of Antoninus Pius saw a distinct change in imperial frontier policy in Britain. Upon taking power, Antoninus’ representative in Britain, Q. Lollius Urbicus,1 undertook the systematic re-occupation of lowland Scotland and a new

Energy Integration in South America Region and the Energy Sustainability of the Nations

The objective of this manuscript is to analyze relation involving the energy sector and socioeco-nomic growth and, then, contextualize the process of energy integration within the development policies in South America. The methodology considers data related to the world’s economy and energy consumption and energy integration policy in countries and regions;and, South America’s energy potential and the energy integration process. Results show that despite the political and institutional difficulties involving the process, energy integration can bring a lot of benefits for countries development. The process of energy integration in South America is divided in three moments, but in both periods the transnational energy projects were restricted, mostly, by a bi-lateral plan and the creation of physical links in a region. In the 21th century’s context, it should be noted Brazil’s participation which has been consolidated as a lead country in this process, and, also the IIRSA (Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America, nowadays renamed as COSIPLAN) like the main initiative in energy integration in the continent, in a context where the projects are no longer limited to traditional economic blocs. Finally, we note a lack of consensus in defining a comprehensive model of integration and solving asymmetries both within countries and between them.

Research on the Comparison of Telemedicine Policies between China and South Korea

In recent years,the impact of telemedicine technology on the medical industry has become an essential issue of common concern in the industry and academia.This paper makes a diachronic review,classification research,and comparative analysis of the telemedicine service also the related literature of the telemedicine industry policy research in China and South Korea.Based on this,the study puts forward the prospect of future research,which provides an essential basis for further research on the influence mechanism of telemedicine service quality on patient satisfaction and recommendation intention.

Mental health implications of suicide rates in South Africa

Mental health challenges are a severe issue that could lead to suicide if not properly addressed.South Africa has a significant burden of mental health issues,which contributes to the soaring rate of suicide.Adequate mental health-care provision could reduce the high suicide rate in South Africa.Since the apartheid regime,the country has made a series of efforts to improve mental health.This study aimed to review and examine available literature on mental health and suicide issues in South Africa and demonstrate the policy implications.This study adopted a narrative review approach.Electronic databases(PubMed,Scilit,Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar)were used to identify published articles in the English language with crucial search terms that included mental health,South African mental health policy,South Africa,suicide and policy.Literature suggests that at the provincial level,there are no adequate mental health policies,and the implementation of the country’s mental health policy is faced with many challenges,such as a shortage of professionals and finances.The review also showed that task sharing and counselling have been pilot-tested and shown to be effective methods for the prevention of mental illness and promotion of positive mental health.This study concludes that the mental health treatment gap still exists in South Africa,and this needs to be tackled using effective,multi-level counselling interventions and policy initiatives.Adequate mental health-care provision and effective implementation of mental health policy could reduce the high rate of suicide in South Africa.

Institutions as Tools of Public Policy： A Comparative Evaluation of South East Asian-Sub-Saharan African Post War Development

In general, it can be argued that institutional framework a country or region designs plays a significant role in crafting, applying or even success of public policy. Drawing lessons from how Asia exploited the developmental state＇s concept by designing institutions which targeted key public policy areas such as education, health, domestic savings, and rural development, or aligned infrastructures such as roads, transport and ports, to drive economic development. The paper explores how this approach can be applied in sub-Saharan Africa （or individual countries）. The objective is to extricate constant factors impacting development both in ahistorical and atemporal terms. The investigation is guided by the key question： whether quality of institutions and institutional analysis can help explain development failures in Africa？ Hence, on one part, it probes institutions, institution-making, public policy making and what uniquely the Asian developmental state did that can help illuminate institutional role in policymaking and application. In pursuing this objective, the paper is cognisant of the question by Brousseau et al. asked, regarding generalizability of institutional capabilities, ＂If growth-enhancing institutions are identified in a specific country, can other countries learn from and transplant these＂. The investigation concludes that in public policy and development strategy-making institutions do matter as they delimit or even help create possibilities necessary for development and its sustenance, and to a certain extent, they are the vital constant （factors） that explains development differentiations in different geographic spaces or time periods.

国家均衡发展框架下的韩国地方大学培育政策研究

针对首都圈与地方大学发展不均衡及大学与区域联系不紧密的问题,韩国从20世纪初开始在国家均衡发展这一大框架下制定培育地方大学的政策。通过推进地方大学的特色化和产学合作、促进大学与区域的合作、强化终身教育功能等措施,韩国努力达成“培养区域社会所需人才及构建促进地方大学与区域社会发展的良性循环结构”的目标。这也为我国制定与区域共同发展的大学政策提供了启示:通过合作和突显特色,提升大学竞争力;促进以大学为主导的区域均衡发展;强调大学的区域创新能力,构建区域生态系统。

我国南北差距的历史演变与趋势研判

近年来,我国南北差距快速扩大问题受到社会各界的高度关注。分析可得数据发现,2021—2022年南北差距扭转了过去快速扩大的势头,南北差距的绝对水平和相对占比都有所下降。从行业看,工业和房地产业的差距缩小是南北差距缩小的主要原因;从部门看,政府财政收入、企业利润的南北差距都有所缩小,但居民收入的差距并没有缩小。结合国内外整体经济形势、省份经济表现等,我国已充分认识到南北差距扩大问题并采取措施应对,加之新冠疫情、俄乌冲突、国际通货膨胀特别是能源价格上涨、房地产市场波动等多重因素叠加,使得2021年以来南北差距有所缩小。但影响因素是短期性的,南北差距的长期趋势仍有待观察。南北差距扩大是我国区域发展格局出现的重大问题,应对南北差距扩大问题需有新思路,要发挥地区比较优势,尊重产业和人口向优势区域集中的客观规律,为重点开发地区、生态脆弱地区、能源资源地区等制定差异化开发政策,为重点生态功能区、农产品主产区、困难地区提供有效转移支付。

政策型立法:应对气候变化立法韩国经验的镜鉴与拓展

综观各国应对气候变化立法,大致可分为综合型、分散型、单行法立法模式。其中,政策型立法承继了综合型立法的“全面性”特征,兼具引导性和灵活性。韩国是政策型立法的典型,其以气候正义为导向、以协商治理为重点、以机构设置引导形成合力,呈现为“基本法+支撑性法+辅助性法”的体系化立法路径,可资镜鉴。立足于我国能源、资源禀赋和立法现状,宜从分散型立法转向政策型立法,制定专门的《应对气候变化法》作为基本法,以参与正义融贯“平行式”的气候治理路径,以矫正正义弥合社会转型的能力差异,建构超越行政主导的主体建设二元模式,形塑我国应对气候变化立法体系。

菲律宾小马科斯政府南海政策国际话语策略的大数据分析

小马科斯执政以来的南海国际话语炒作是菲律宾国内政治意见领袖推动,以“弱者叙事”和国际话语“依附”为基本手段,寻求菲律宾南海利益主张与美国“印太战略”捆绑的外交策略。菲律宾媒体和国际媒体报道量、信源、细分议题等大数据分析表明,虽然菲律宾南海议题报道量波动趋势与国际媒体基本吻合,一定程度上显示了菲律宾炒作南海国际话语的政策效应,但是,南海议题的信息发布和议题设置权仍然被美西方主导的国际媒体所掌控。菲律宾政府以国际话语为抓手,借势域外干涉势力,谋求南海权益的策略,实际上沦为美国“印太战略”对中国和南海周边国家“分而治之”的工具。亚太秩序结构性变迁大背景下,菲律宾的南海政策恶化了地区形势,也将中菲南海争端的最终解决拖入更复杂的境地。

数字经济对中国进口乳制品贸易效率的影响研究——基于经济政策不确定性视角

数字经济降低了贸易信息不对称性,降低了贸易风险与不确定性,成为提高贸易效率的新引擎。基于经济政策不确定性背景,构建了随机前沿引力模型,检验了中国乳制品进口效率与东道主国家数字经济发展水平的相关性。结果表明,目前中国乳制品进口的发展潜力巨大,同时贸易双方人均GDP和文化距离、乳制品出口国人口和数字经济发展水平以及经济自由度有利于促进乳制品进口效率。而中国的人口、双方首都间的地理距离、乳制品出口国经济政策不确定性和价格水平指数波动不利于乳制品进口效率的提升。为确保国内乳制品供应安全,中国应加强数字经济建设,推动数字技术与乳制品产业相融合,促进中国乳业高质量发展,同时还要积极开展自贸区谈判,以消除贸易壁垒和经济政策不确定性,提高乳制品贸易效率。

东亚人工智能伦理研究现状与发展趋势探析

人工智能技术在全球范围内的快速迭代,显著提升了人类福祉,同时也催生了诸如操纵、“黑箱”、歧视、隐私、责任困境等伦理问题。人工智能伦理作为科技伦理的一部分,成为全球科技发展与治理的前沿议题。中国、日本、韩国等东亚国家,在人工智能的政策与伦理准则、学术性认知与地方实践、流行文化方面进行技术工具范畴与合作伙伴关系范畴的布局与探索,明晰了女性客体化、拟人化工具悖论与“反社会”技术等人工智能伦理方面的问题,为人工智能的伦理治理与发展提供了国际镜鉴。中国应吸取其有益经验,立足国情推进人工智能伦理治理的建设,坚持以人为本,促进人机协同与进化,为中国人工智能伦理规制研究提供建言。

中国区域经济的二元格局: “钻石地区”与“大边疆地区”的分化与融合发展

针对中国区域经济总体格局这一重大基本问题,根据观察可见的中国内地两类地区在经济与社会发展上的强烈反差,提出“钻石地区”与“大边疆地区”的空间划分。引用人口变化和经济增长等方面的事实,以证实“钻石地区”的崛起、“大边疆地区”的相对衰落及其与“钻石地区”的二元分化,指出这一新的二元格局是当下中国区域经济的基本特征和协调发展的主要矛盾。结合空间结构和历史过程分析二元格局带来的新挑战,提出应将二元融合发展作为区域政策的基本出发点,在这一主导话语基础上形成新的区域空间治理概念体系,促进“钻石地区”的进一步完善与双循环发展,扶持“大边疆地区”的次级核心区、边境县市发展,构建(北)京哈(尔滨)、陇海兰(州)新(疆)陆桥、成(都)渝(重庆)-兰(州)西(宁)、成渝-拉(萨)日(喀则)、大西南环线、广(州)昆(明)等融合发展带。

英印政府的边境部落区政策

英印政府对边境部落区先后采取了闭边政策、前进政策和新前进政策。闭边政策实施期间,英印政府主要通过安抚和签订协议与部落相处,同时构筑起了针对部落的防御体系,但并未向部落渗透,故无法统治边境部落区。俄国将势力范围拓展至阿富汗北部边境后,英印政府对边境部落区采取了前进政策。政策实施初期,英印政府在边境部落区建立起了政治代理人制度和马利克制度,在保持军事存在的同时利用当地人组建民兵和征召兵部队以维持治安。寇松就任印度总督后,对前进政策进行了调整,一方面采取了“撤退与集中”策略以减少军事力量的投入,另一方面创设西北边境省以统管边疆防务和部落事务。前进政策帮助英印政府将边境部落区纳入治下,但该政策本质上重安全、轻发展,无法长期维持当地稳定。第三次英阿战争后,英印政府对边境部落区采取了新前进政策,主要措施包括对该地区进行军事占领和直接管理,建立正式民兵制度,完善津贴制度,修筑道路以及将《边境犯罪条例》的适用范围拓展至该地区等。新前进政策具有一定建设性,但过于依赖军事干涉,损害了部落的独立性,导致部落起义时有发生。

韩国口译研究的主题、热点与前沿

在借鉴Cite Space等相关文献计量方法的基础上,利用Web of Science中的KCI数据库的文献数据,通过关键词共现、聚类分析、战略坐标和关键词突现分析等方法,梳理韩国口译研究的主题、热点与前沿,对韩国口译研究进行结构化解析和图谱式呈现。韩国口译研究的发文时间分布在2002-2022年间,主题有“同声传译”“交替传译”“口译教学”“口译译员”“旅游口译”“司法口译”“医疗口译”“口译策略”等。“译员角色”“口译技巧”“翻译文本”是核心关注点,其研究较为成熟。除此之外,公共服务方面的口译研究在韩国也已较为成熟。“口译策略”目前热度较高,是当今韩国口译领域的研究热点和前沿。

南海地区新局势、新挑战与新思路——2023年度“南海论坛”综述

2023年南海地区局势复杂多变,危机频发,南海问题依然是全球最为复杂的海洋争端和影响中国-东盟关系的重要因素。如何在中美战略博弈大背景下应对亚太海洋安全新形势,相关问题亟须深入的探讨与总结。在南京大学中国南海研究协同创新中心主办的2023年度“南海论坛”上,与会专家围绕南海维权维稳斗争的新形势与新问题、美国与小多边机制干涉南海的挑战与应对、南海岛礁主权与海洋权益的历史视角和法律斗争新态势与新挑战,以及增进南海合作的新思路新办法等议题进行了深入讨论。面对法律、认知、话语斗争等诸多形势变化,中国需要进一步强化证据链建设和话语权构建,结合具体条件重塑相关实践的规范性,增进南海合作和共同开发。

21世纪以来澳大利亚的南海政策和南太地区战略:威胁感知、利益排序与角色定位

南海和南太地区是澳大利亚区域构想的重要部分,在美国对华战略竞争的背景下成为中美澳三国利益交汇的关键区域。21世纪以来,澳大利亚在南海和南太地区的政策转向具有时间与程度上的差异,现有研究缺乏对其地区安全策略的比较分析和对决策者认知机制的探索。澳大利亚地区战略遵循内外互动的认知逻辑:在外部威胁感知强烈时选择“对华竞争者”角色,在联盟风险感知显著时更可能对华合作;当环境不确定性高、双重威胁感知平衡时,决策者倾向于在优先利益范围内积极配合盟友,而在非优先事项中扮演“国际良好公民”。随着南海问题成为大国争议焦点,澳大利亚将该区域纳入“印太战略弧”,其南海政策从谨慎旁观走向高调介入和明确制衡。南太地区被澳大利亚视为传统“势力范围”,中美战略视域的扩展推动澳大利亚战略由地区主义战略转向借力大国,在美国着力阻遏中国影响力时进一步转向“联美制华”。