The Connotations of the Constitutional Clause on Human Rights Protection From the Perspective of Foreign-related Rule of Law

The inclusion of the human rights clause in the Chi-nese Constitution is the core normative manifestation of the constitu-tionalization of human rights,and points to the relationship between international law and the Constitution in the sense of positive law.The inclusion of the human rights clauses in the Chinese Constitution itself is an inherent part of the development of China’s socialist constitution,and socialism has already contributed valuable concepts and practices of human rights protection to the modern world in its early stage.The constitutionalization of human rights protection does not necessarily lead to the superiority of international law over the constitutional order of a country,but rather to the convergence of international law and domestic law through the constitutional order.The relevant rules of international law will be effective only when they are transformed into domestic law through the Constitution and the human rights clause in the Constitution.Correspondingly,the domestic legal order is brought into line with the international legal order through the Con-stitution and its human rights clause.Behind the system of fundamen-tal rights in the constitutional order is the value foundation of the en-tire legal system.The advancement of foreign-related rule of law has brought new opportunities for China’s judicial practice to further pro-mote the protection of human rights.In the future,we should further integrate the human rights values embedded in socialism into China’s constitutional practice,enhance human rights protection around the country,and take a more active part in global human rights gover-nance.

Development and Application of a Power Law Constitutive Model for Eddy Current Dampers

Eddy current dampers (ECDs) have emerged as highly desirable solutions for vibration control due to theirexceptional damping performance and durability. However, the existing constitutive models present challenges tothe widespread implementation of ECD technology, and there is limited availability of finite element analysis (FEA)software capable of accurately modeling the behavior of ECDs. This study addresses these issues by developing anewconstitutivemodel that is both easily understandable and user-friendly for FEAsoftware. By utilizing numericalresults obtained from electromagnetic FEA, a novel power law constitutive model is proposed to capture thenonlinear behavior of ECDs. The effectiveness of the power law constitutive model is validated throughmechanicalproperty tests and numerical seismic analysis. Furthermore, a detailed description of the application process ofthe power law constitutive model in ANSYS FEA software is provided. To facilitate the preliminary design ofECDs, an analytical derivation of energy dissipation and parameter optimization for ECDs under harmonicmotionis performed. The results demonstrate that the power law constitutive model serves as a viable alternative forconducting dynamic analysis using FEA and optimizing parameters for ECDs.

The Concept of Human Rights in the Constitution and Its Functional Significance

To practice the constitutional provision that “The state respects and protects human rights”, we should clarify its connotation. The understanding of human rights is a natural requirement and the key. In domestic academia, human rights are considered natural rights and interpreted as “moral rights that everyone should enjoy as a human being”, hoping to provide theoretical support for the development of the system centered on the basic rights of citizens in China.Although it reveals the universal moral connotation of human rights, it does not cover the normative connotation of human rights as common international standards. Therefore, it is impossible to fully clarify the functional significance of the provision. It is conducive to scientifically clarifying the relationship between human rights and basic civil rights,better improving the institutional protection of human rights in China,and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind to interpret human rights as common international standards that everyone should enjoy for human dignity based on the development of the international legal order under the Charter of the United Nations since the end of the World War Ⅱ.

A MODIFIED THERMAL VISCOPLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE LAW INVOLVING THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE RISE RATE

At high temperature rise rate, the mechanical properties of 10 # steel were determined experimentally in a very wide range of temperature and strain rates. A new constitutive relationship was put forward, which can fit with the experimental results and describe various phenomena observed in our experiments. Meanwhile, some interesting characteristics about the temperature rise rate, strain and strain rate hardening and thermal softening are also shown in this paper. Finally, the reliability of the constitutive law and the correctness of the constitutive parameters were verified by comparing the calculation results with the experimental data.

An Analysis of the Origin of the Interaction Force between Electric Charges, including Justification of the ln<i>r</i>Term in the Completed Coulomb’s Law, in HM16 Ether

In this study, we demonstrate the correctness of our 2010 hypothesis regarding the need to complete Coulomb’s FC law with the term lnr, resulting in the completed FCC force. For this purpose, we consider the electrical interactions between charged microparticles (MPs), which develop as fundamental vibrations (FVs) in ether, producing the vibrational strains &epsilon;and &gamma;and the resulting stresses &sigma;and &tau;, as percussions of ether cells (ECs) upon the MP surface. The stresses &sigma;?and?&tau;produce a resultant force FP, due to the percussions which constitute the real electric force FCC. The spatial effect of ether on FP is demonstrated by an analytical method, considering the electrical interaction between MPs through various equidistant spatial paths li of FVs, modelled on the basis of the Huygens principle for waves. For this issue, we utilized a numerical calculation, which could be generalized. But this spatial effect of the ether leads at a very slow decreasing of the FP forces ratio rF when doubling the distance l, in contrast to Coulomb’s FC forces whose ratio rF?decreases accentuate with doubling l. Accordingly, the necessity of including the term ln r in the FCC force, which is limited to 1.0 for doubling l, at long distances, was justified.

Women’s Councils:A Practical Exploration on the Construction of Democracy, Autonomy and the Rule of Law at the Grassroots Level

The women’s councils are an innovation advocated by the All-China women’s federation for women’s participation in social management and grassroots democracy.They are a beneficial exploration for women to participate in public affairs according to the law in accordance with Article 2 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China,and are a model of"the combination of autonomy,rule of law and rule of virtue."The women’s councils have aroused the enthusiasm of women to participate in public affairs,stimulated their autonomous vitality and creativity,and helped to solve the problems of women’s lack of representation and voice in decision-making.The process of deliberation is also the process of developing the awareness of rights,rules,consultation ability,the concept of the rule of law and even thinking about the rule of law.The women’s councils not only help to protect the rights and interests of women and children and promote women’s development,but also has unique value in enriching grassroots consultative democracy,developing grassroots mass autonomy,building a society ruled by law and promoting the implementation of the Constitution.we should therefore fully affirm,support and perfect the women’s councils so as to make it long-term,standardized and institutionalized.

On the Criminal Protection of the Right to Education of Chinese Citizens——With a Review on Article 32 of the Amendment to the Criminal Law(Ⅺ)

The Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China responds to the institutional needs of civic education,and supplements the clause of the Criminal Law on protection of citizens’right to education nuy means of Article 32.Imposing legal responsibility in the form of internal punishments,administrative punishments,and economic compensation have failed to prevent infringements on citizens’right to education.Its role as a"secondary protection law"is the conceptual obstacle that hinders the Criminal Law from effectively intervening in the field of citizens’right to education.The equivalence between the legal interests of people to the right to education and the rights protected by the existing charges in the Criminal Law is the legitimate basis for it to intervene in disputes over the right to education.Based on Article 32 of the Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China,it is suggested to further clarify the prepositional law,improve the liability provisions for the right to education,change the modest and restrained view of the Criminal Law regarding protection of the right to education,and expand the behavior types of Article 32 provided in the Amendment(Ⅺ)in due time.

The Protection of the Right to Dignity in the Connection and Interaction between the Constitution and Civil Law

In the report of 19;National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China seeks to"accelerate development of the crime prevention and control system,combat and punish in accordance with law all illegal and criminal activities such as pornography,gambling,drug abuse,gang violence,kidnapping,and fraud,and protect people’s personal rights,property rights,and right

A reliability study of springback on the sheet metal forming process under probabilistic variation of prestrain and blank holder force

This work deals with a reliability assessment of springback problem during the sheet metal forming process. The effects of operative parameters and material properties, blank holder force and plastic prestrain, on springback are in- vestigated. A generic reliability approach was developed to control springback. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo simula- tion technique in conjunction with the Latin hypercube sam- pling method was adopted to study the probabilistic spring- back. Finite element method based on implicit/explicit al- gorithms was used to model the springback problem. The proposed constitutive law for sheet metal takes into account the adaptation of plastic parameters of the hardening law for each prestrain level considered. Rackwitz-Fiessler al- gorithm is used to find reliability properties from response surfaces of chosen springback geometrical parameters. The obtained results were analyzed using a multi-state limit reli- ability functions based on geometry compensations.

The effects of relative density of metal foams on the stresses and deformation of beam under bending

The exact analytic solution of the pure bending beam of metallic foams is given. The effects of relative density of the material on stresses and deformation are revealed with the Triantafillou and Gibson constitutive law （TG model） taken as the analysis basis. Several examples for individual foams are discussed, showing the importance of compressibility of the cellular materials. One of the objects of this study is to generalize Hill＇s solution for incompressible plasticity to the case of compressible plasticity, and a kinematics parameter is brought into the analysis so that the velocity field can be determined.

Large deflections of non-prismatic nonlinearly elastic cantilever beams subjected to non-uniform continuous load and a concentrated load at the free end

This work studies large deflections of slen- der, non-prismatic cantilever beams subjected to a combined loading which consists of a non-uniformly distributed con- tinuous load and a concentrated load at the free end of the beam. The material of the cantilever is assumed to be non- linearly elastic. Different nonlinear relations between stress and strain in tensile and compressive domain are considered. The accuracy of numerical solutions is evaluated by com- paring them with results from previous studies and with a laboratory experiment.

Data-driven modeling on anisotropic mechanical behavior of brain tissue with internal pressure

Brain tissue is one of the softest parts of the human body,composed of white matter and grey matter.The mechanical behavior of the brain tissue plays an essential role in regulating brain morphology and brain function.Besides,traumatic brain injury(TBI)and various brain diseases are also greatly influenced by the brain's mechanical properties.Whether white matter or grey matter,brain tissue contains multiscale structures composed of neurons,glial cells,fibers,blood vessels,etc.,each with different mechanical properties.As such,brain tissue exhibits complex mechanical behavior,usually with strong nonlinearity,heterogeneity,and directional dependence.Building a constitutive law for multiscale brain tissue using traditional function-based approaches can be very challenging.Instead,this paper proposes a data-driven approach to establish the desired mechanical model of brain tissue.We focus on blood vessels with internal pressure embedded in a white or grey matter matrix material to demonstrate our approach.The matrix is described by an isotropic or anisotropic nonlinear elastic model.A representative unit cell(RUC)with blood vessels is built,which is used to generate the stress-strain data under different internal blood pressure and various proportional displacement loading paths.The generated stress-strain data is then used to train a mechanical law using artificial neural networks to predict the macroscopic mechanical response of brain tissue under different internal pressures.Finally,the trained material model is implemented into finite element software to predict the mechanical behavior of a whole brain under intracranial pressure and distributed body forces.Compared with a direct numerical simulation that employs a reference material model,our proposed approach greatly reduces the computational cost and improves modeling efficiency.The predictions made by our trained model demonstrate sufficient accuracy.Specifically,we find that the level of internal blood pressure can greatly influence stress distribution and determine the possible related damage behaviors.

Dark Matter Creation and Anti-Gravity Acceleration of the Expanding Universe

Dark matter is identified as negative relative energy between quarks in proton and is generated in cold hydrogen gas with pressure gradient in gravitational field. Positive relative energy PRE can be generated between quarks in protons in cold hydrogen gas in outskirts of the universe. The mechanisms for such creation of dark matter and PRE are reviewed and updated in greater detail and clearer manner. The so-generated dark matter in a galaxy can account for the galaxy’s rotation curve. Star formation in this galaxy uses up the hydrogen atoms and thereby reduces its dark matter content. Dark matter created in intergalactic hydrogen gas can form filaments. In a hypothetical model of the universe, a hydrogen atom with a small amount of negative relative energy or dark matter at the outskirts of this universe can via collisions with other atoms turn into one with a small positive relative energy PRE. Once such a sign change takes place, gravitational attraction switches to anti-gravity repulsion unopposed by any pressure gradient. This leads to a “run away” hydrogen atom moving away from the mass center of the universe and provides a basic mechanism for the accelerating expansion of the universe. This theoretical expansion and the measured redshift data are both compatible with the conception of an acceleratingly expanding universe and complement each other. But they cannot verify each other directly because the present model has been constructed for purposes different from those of the measurements. But it can be shown that both approaches do support each other qualitatively under certain circumstances for small velocities. Dark matter and PRE in the present model are not foreign objects like WIMPs and dark energy-cosmological constant but can only be created in cold hydrogen gas in gravitational field. To achieve this, infrequent collisions among the hydrogen atoms must take place. Dark matter was created first and can eventually later evolve into PRE in the outskirts of the universe and in the intergalactic void. Dark matter and PRE will disappear if the hydrogen atom carrying them becomes ionized as in stars.

Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of the Living Artery: Based on the Zero-Pressure Status and the Anisotropic Hyperelastic Constitutive Model

Vascular diseases such as aneurysm,hemadostenosis,aortic dissection are the primary causes of people’s death around world.As a result,it is significant to improve our knowledge about them,which can help to treat the disease.Measuring the hemodynamic factor like the blood pressure,the wall shear stress(WSS)and the oscillatory shear index(OSI)is,however,still beyond the capabilities of in-vivo measurement techniques.So the use of mathematical models and numerical simulations for the studies of the blood flow in arteries and,in general,of the cardiovascular system,both in physiological and pathological conditions,has received an increasing attention in the biomedical community during the last two decades.Indeed,such studies aims at enhancing the current knowledge of the physiology of the cardiovascular system,as well as providing reliable tools for the medical doctors to predict the natural course of pathologies and,possibly,the occurrence of cardiovascular accidents.The computational vascular fluid-structure interaction(FSI)methodology is a numerical simulation method which is used to explain the hemodynamic factors.The WSS on the luminal wall and the mechanical stress in the vascular wall are directly related to the location of the lesion,and the blood flow strongly interacts with the vascular wall motion.The arterial wall continually adapts to the charge of its mechanical environment(due to,for example,growth,atrophy,remodelling,repair,ageing,and disease)and consequently undergoes several irreversible processes.Primary acute mechanisms of vascularFSI numerical simulation seem to be associated with(1)the arterial histology and the patient-specific complex geometry,(2)the typical mechanical properties of the layer,(3)properties of the blood is assumed as Newtonian fluid or non-Newtonian fluid based on the scale ofthe diameter of a vessel,(4)residual stress in the zero-pressure configuration.The arterial system naturally function under permanent physiological loading conditions.Fung defined the residual stress and measured the opening angle which varies greatly along the aortic tree.Consequently,most of these systems never experience a stress-free state in their’service life’,so a stress and strain fields are present in any in vivo obtained patientspecific cardiovascular geometry.The residual stress always be ignored in FSI simulation or be assumed to equal zero,and the vivo patient-specific artery geometry is assumed as zero-pressure configuration.To define the in vivo stress state of artery,an inverse problem needs to be solved:the undeformed shape of a body or its stress state in its deformed state needs to be determined given the deformed configuration and the loads causing this deformation.The modular inverse elastostatics method is used to resolve the pressure-induced stress state for in vivo imaging based on cardiovascular modeling proposed by Peirlinck.Here,we build a living vessel FSI model based on 4 key factors.In order to get the universal simulation results,we focus on idealized geometries of the vessel that represent healthy(physiological)conditions of the cerebral vasculature.Blood can be assumed as the Newtonian fluid at this scale.The anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive law(Gasser-Holzapfel-Ogden)is used in zero-pressure configuration.Afterwards,we propose the material parameters for the different constitutive models and the computational configurations.We demonstrate the importance of introducing the residual stress into vascular blood flow modeling by performing a comparing zero-pressure configuration and no-resistance configuration.We get the conclusion that the zero-pressure status model has smaller displacement and larger stress distribution compared with no-resistance stress model.Hence,the methodology presented here will be particularly useful to study the mechanobiological processes in the healthy and diseased vascular wall.

THE EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS IN NONLINEAR ELASTODYNAMICS

Under the small deformation assumption this paper shows the existence of solution for the system of elastic dynamics with the general nonlinear constitutive laws, and the existence of classical solution can be found under weaker conditions.

CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF UNSATURATED SOIL BY USE OF THE MIXTURE THEORY (Ⅱ)—LINEAR CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS AND FIELD EQUATIONS

The linear constitutive equations and field equations of unsaturated soils were obtained through linearizing the nonlinear equations given in the first part of this work. The linear equations were expressed in the forms similar to Biot's equations for saturated porous media. The Darcy's laws of unsaturated soil were proved. It is shown that Biot's equations of saturated porous media are the simplification of the theory. All these illustrate that constructing constitutive relation of unsaturated soil on the base of mixture theory is rational.

A Thermo-Mechanical Behavior Simulation of A NiTi Staple Used for the Correction of Idiopathic Scoliosis

In order to treat scoliosis, a thermo-mechanical behavior study of shape memory alloy bone staple has been proposed. A pre-stretched shape-memory-alloy bone staple, which has been heated above the transition temperature, provides greater compressive force upon insertion between two vertebrae and allows the control of idiopathic scoliosis development. Until now, the optimal design has not been reached due to the lack of appropriate design tools for shape memory alloy devices. In this paper, a shape memory alloy bone staple model is proposed by developing a user subroutine UMAT based on Boyd et al. unified thermodynamic shape memory alloy constitutive law using the finite element analysis software, ABAQUS. The numerical results for superelastic and shape memory effect under the tensile and three-point bending tests are presented. Simulations of the shape memory effects and force generation of the shape memory alloy staple are also shown.

New constitutive model for the study of creeping solids

In this paper, a incremental form of constitutive laws for creeping studies are proposed. The equations are based on the concept of creep hardening surface. Damage effects were introduced to the new constitutive relations to study solids creeping effects with pre-existing damages. The present formula is easy to be adopted into other numerical procedures such as finite element methods.

Goal-Setting in the Information-Generating Environment of the Universe

Problem of goal-setting is related to the fundamental principles of informationology and general, rather than specific, aproaches, which enable a more adequate appraisal of certain managerial decisions in terms of their efficiency. In article this problem is considered and from positions of informationology is formulated and on the basis of a method of full mathematical induction the Law of positive dynamics of the Universe is proved. This law establishes preference of the positive purposes in all processes happening in the Universe. Thus, the goal-setting which is carried out from positions of the described Law is the important world outlook prerequisite searching, identification and development of strategic alternatives of purposeful social innovations.

New Properties of HM16 Ether, with Submicroparticles as Self-Functional Cells Interacting through Percussion Forces, Establishing Nature of Electrical Charges, including Gravitation

Article continues and complements our previous articles on the HM16 ether (ETH) model. Here, we describe the mechanism of occurrence of the submicroparticle (SMP). A general hypothesis, HFVI, is introduced for the modalities of interaction between two SMPs, based on periodic mechanical percussion forces, produced by fundamental vibrations FVs. A mechanism for describing the interaction between a SMPs and the ETH is presented. Positive and negative particles are defined by their membrane types of movement, such as +, −u/+, −v vibrations, and rotations at speeds +Ω/−Ω. The process of creating a pair of SMPs is discussed. Applying HFVI to the interaction between pairs of SMPs immobile in ETH, and considering longitudinal FVL, was obtained the forces of attraction/repulsion +FL21/–FL21, which correspond to the completed Coulomb force FCC including gravitation. The resultant FRL21 will form an oriented field of forces, which is a quasielectric field QE, equivalent to actual E electric field. Considering transversal FVT, was obtained the vibratory forces +, −FT21, whose resultant forms an vibrating field of forces, QHs, a quasimagnetic special field, which may explain some of the quantum properties of SMPs. Considering a mobile SMP, two new γ strains in ETH appear. Strains γL are created by the displacement of SMP with velocity V, whose force +, −FT12 is the support of a component of the magnetic field H (quasimagnetic field QH), giving the QHL component. Strains γR are created by the rotation of SMP with speed Ω, whose force +, −FR12 constitutes physical support of the component QHR of magnetic field H (i.e. QH). The creation of a photon PH is modelled as a special ESMP containing two zones of opposed rotations, and a mechanism is presented for its movement in the ETH with speed c based on the HS hypothesis of screwing in ETH, with frequency ν.