Optimizing Social Impact in Organizations:Concepts,Levers and Barriers

With the socio-economic change that has taken place over the last years,in addition to an increase in sustainability regulation,stakeholders have gained importance and organizations are more active in relation to generating social impact,but society demands more and better social impact from organizations.The objectives of this paper are to clarify the concepts of impact and social impact optimization,and to detect levers and barriers to help organizations optimize the social impact that they generate.A qualitative approach based on interviews with social impact leaders from organizations with different forms(big companies,small and medium-sized enterprises,corporate foundations,b-corps,community foundations,public and private foundations,associations and investing firms)is applied,together with focus groups with stakeholders from those organizations that are best practices.

A Study of the Impact of Personality and Social Psychology on Mental Health

With the continuous development and progress of economy,people's living standard and culture level have been improved,but with it,there are also various kinds of life stress,study stress and work stress,which make people's mental health problems in life more andmore prominent,and how to improve students'mental health level is the main task of each education stage.The current psychology discipline system has been perfected,including personality psychology and social psychology,which are effectively applied in the actual mental health education or psychological guidance work,and are key disciplines to improve people's mental health.The theoretical system of personality and social psychology consists of three theories:the theory of planned behavior,the theory of explanatory levels,and the theory of self-determination,all of which have an irreplaceable influence on mental health.In this regard,this paper combines relevant literature and work experience to study in depth the influence of personality ansocial psychology on mental health.

THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM──A Case Study in Dali,Yunnan Province,China

ＴＨＥ ＳＯＣＩＡＬ ＩＭＰＡＣＴＳ ＯＦ ＴＯＵＲＩＳＭ──Ａ Ｃａｓｅ Ｓｔｕｄｙ ｉｎ Ｄａｌｉ，Ｙｕｎｎａｎ Ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ，Ｃｈｉｎａ ＤａｉＦａｎ（戴凡）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙａｎｄＰｌａｎｎｉｎｇ，Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓ...

Physical, Psychological, and Social Health Impact of Temperature Rise Due to Urban Heat Island Phenomenon and Its Associated Factors

The Urban Heat Island Effect（UHI）has now become a commonly observed phenomenon worldwide.Indeed,it has become a significant environmental effect of urbanisation.In Malaysia,research results showed that UHI effects are very evident in several cities such as Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.UHI effect has long been observed to cause temperature of cities.

Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Assessing Social Impacts of Mine Closure

Mining stimulates environmental and economic impacts on the neighboring community right from the inception to the closure of its operations. The society in the neighborhood of mining gradually adopts a characteristic life-style that is highly influenced by the mining. In order to sustain the societal development beyond the mine closure, it is necessary to plan post mining activities in the area. Thus, it is essential to predict the impacts of mine closure well before the closure. Many societal and family attributes are affected by mine closure. Impact on these attributes is reflected on the overall quality of life of the neighboring community. There are no adequate indicators and/or methodology available to measure social impacts of mine closure on a neighboring community. This paper made an attempt to develop such methodology to predict the degree of adverse effects of mine closure on the quality of life of neighboring communities using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the Latent Variables Interaction Model (LVM).

Associated Factors and Impacts of Social Phobia on Academic Performance among Students from the University of Parakou (UP)

Background: Social phobia disrupts students in their academic career. The aim of this research work was to study this anxious disorder impact on the academic performance among students from the University of Parakou (UP). Study methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection among 363 students recruited through systematic random sampling from April to June 2015 at the campus of the UP. A questionnaire including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Liebowitz social anxiety intensity evaluation scale and the ASSIST was used for data collection in compliance with recommended ethical principles. Results and Conclusion Social phobia prevalence among students from the campus of University of Parakou was 11. 6% [CI95% = 10. 9 - 21. 2]. Its intensity was moderate (66.7%), medium (23.4%), severe (7.1%) and very severe (4.8%) only among female students. Moreover, gender, rural or urban living environment and field of study were statistically associated with this social phobia which reduced academic performance by 57.1%, among the studied population. However, 42.9% were not influenced in any way. Addiction to alcoholic beverages (23.8%) and anxiolytics (9.5%) were used to overcome the disorder. Although the risk of dependency to these substances was low, adverse effects on their health and socio-professional future were to be taken seriously.

Social Determinants of Health in Understanding the Socio-Economic Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh

Social determinants of health are some indicating factors such as income, education, class, gender, and race that influence the socio-economic status of people living in a society. Coronavirus affects the social, economic, and also political sectors of people all over the world. In Bangladesh, during the Covid-19 pandemic, people of all ages and classes have faced social and economic crises based on the social determinants of health. Higher-class families had the facility of advanced medical services rather than the lower and lower-middle classes. This article aims to show the relationship between the social determinants of health and the socio-economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This paper presents some secondary data to describe the socio-economic impact of Covid-19 and the functions of the social determinants of health in this case.

Social Accounting at Work: An Analysis of Social Impact Measurement Models

The development of the field of social entrepreneurship has drawn attention to the need for additional work on identifying and measuring the value created through the solution of social problems by means of businesses with social impact.There has been a multiplication of the measurement models for satisfying the most widely varying demands for information about the Social Impact(SI)generated by social enterprises,although so far the results cannot be considered exhaustive.In this context,the present study attempts to contribute to the debate by investigating the effectiveness of SI measurement models in accounting and communicating SI creation,in relation to the main stakeholders’needs for information.As a result,a framework for analysing and classifying the main social accountability models is provided.The analysis shows that the measurement models considered are not always able to provide useful information for the assessment of the social activities carried out and the extent to which social oriented organizations fulfil their social goals as stated in their missions and their contribution to the promotion of wider and institutional social change.

Drawbacks of Social Impacts Assessment in Brazil: Is It Time for a New Approach?

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has shown a progressive improvement in addressing environmental impacts worldwide. However, EIA practice in Brazil and in other developing countries has been recognized as insufficient to deal with relevant issues related to the implementation of projects. One of the reasons found in the literature is related to the difficulties to integrate the biophysical environment and social issues within the decision-making process. In this paper, the practice of EIA in Brazil is analyzed in order to verify the relevance that social, cultural and economic impacts have been given for the acceptability of development projects. Firstly, a quality review of 23 randomly selected Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) from federal and state levels were checked in order to verify the range of social issues that have been encompassed. Secondly, seven EIS were scrutinized to check the adherence to international principles of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) best practices and guidelines applied to this instrument. The outcomes reveal a gap between the legal and empirical frameworks that describe the practice of SIA in Brazil and the main principles and guidelines for best practice in SIA. The paper concludes for the need to improve the effectiveness in the assessment of the social dimensions of environmental impacts in order to better inform the decisions. Also, the practice of EIA Brazil would benefit from guidelines for SIA and its integration to the EIA process.

An Analysis of Fragmented Reading and Its Social Impact on College Students in the Era of New Media

In the era of new media,people’s lifestyle,education and the like are inseparable from the Internet.At the same time,due to the emergence of smart devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers,people’s reading habits have changed.Fragmented reading has become an important form of reading for college students.College students themselves have the strong ability to accept change,so fragmented reading has gradually become an important form of student learning.This paper mainly analyses fragmented reading by college students and its impact on society in the era of new media.

Life Cycle Assessment:Embedded and Maintenance Environmental Impacts of Social Interest Housing Construction Systems

Characterized by high consumption of natural resources and great generation of environmental impacts,civil construction becomes an important ally to the development of strategies for a more sustainable built environment.In this context,this article aims to evaluate construction systems of social interest housing and point out their participation in relation to total impacts,in addition to indicating the environmental impacts embedded in the construction materials present in these systems.To this end,a case study was selected to apply Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology and assess impacts of the building materials used in a house of a social housing complex.LCA was applied to masonry,roof,coatings and floor systems.The scope adopted assesses impacts incorporated in construction materials,analyzing the stages of raw material extraction,materials production,transport to construction site,maintenance and materials replacement.Concerning life cycle inventory,Ecoinvent 3.6 database was used and environmental impacts were calculated using CML method with the aid of OpenLCA 1.9 software.In general,results showed that the maintenance phase has the greatest environmental impact participation related to analyzed systems.Furthermore,it was possible to conclude that coatings and masonry systems were the ones that most added to total environmental impacts.

Economic and Social Impact Assessment of the Alternatives to DDT Usage for Antifouling Paint Production in China

China is the only nation that uses DDT in antifouling pain at present, approximately 5% of DDT is applied as the additive of the antifouling paint production. Therefore, actions shall be taken urgently for banning the use of DDT and substituting with non-POPs alternatives in antifouling paints. The paper researches the social and economic backgrounds of DDT booster antifouling paint production and usage, analyzes the social and economic impact assessment of the alternatives to DDT usage for antifouling paint. The implementation of the project of alternatives will completely eliminate the adverse impact of DDT booster antifouling paint on terrestrial, marine ecosystem and human health. The broad use of alkali silicate and pepper alkali as substitutes will be feasible if appropriate measures will be taken to encourage their development, and the social and economic risk will be reduced to accepted levels.

The social impact of ride-hailing services

Nowadays,sharing economy-based companies are gradually increasing their influence on our daily lives:we hire drivers on apps like Didi and Uber to pick us up instead of waiting for taxis.As P2P companies increase their influence in the public services sector,the government rationally diverts more of its attention towards regulating the quality and service of these companies.

Study on the Impact of Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway on Highquality Economic and Social Development

Based on the new development concept in China's new stage of high-quality development,this paper qualitatively analyzes the impact of Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway(HSR)on high-quality economic and social development.We select the data of areas along Beijing-Shanghai HSR and adjacent unopened areas for quantitative comparative study,and summarize the important demonstration and enlightenment role of Beijing-Shanghai HSR.The results show that Beijing-Shanghai HSR,as an important national infrastructure project,not only improves the travel quality of people,but also drives the high-quality economic and social development,which is of great significance in promoting the formation of a new pattern of high-quality development along the line,especially in promoting green development.

A Study of the Residents’Perception on the Socio-cultural Impact of Coastal Tourism

In the process of tourism development,destination residents,as an important interest group,their perception and attitude towards the impact of tourism has a vital significance to the success of the development of coastal tourism industry.This research studies the perception and attitude to the socio-cultural impact of community residents who live in coastal tourism destination Qingdao through an empirical case study.The results of the study draw that residents’perception of positive influences produce positive effects on their attitude while perception of negative impact generates negative effects.Cluster analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were used to divide Qingdao community residents into four types,namely optimistic supporters,pessimistic opponents,rational supporters,and neutral.Through the different categories of demographic analysis and logistic regression model analysis,the influence degree of residents’subjective factors posed on tourism effect perception has been explored.The research adds a new applied case study for a comprehensive understanding of impacts of coastal tourism destinations.

类人想象与杂合属性:论人工智能的演进及社会影响

自提出人工智能理念起,它就被赋予诸多类人想象。人工智能的设计者不仅追求其形体上与人类相似,也试图使它在行为方式上接近人类。然而,人工智能与人类智能本质上具有相异性:前者是既往性的,后者是面向未来的;前者是逻辑运算,后者是意识活动;前者“领有”灵魂,后者“具有”灵魂。人工智能是依托于人与技术关系基础之上的人类与技术的杂合体,它的类人性将产生重要的社会影响:基于“数字革命”的类人性人工智能会导致人类再分层,并产生意想不到的社会后果;对类人性人工智能不加限制的使用,会使人类沉入“常人常言”与“知而不思”的境地;从生存论视角看,在类人性人工智能介入人类互动的情况下,会出现“频繁互动”与“孤独困境”的交流窘况。这些社会影响会在很大程度上改变人类的生存处境,需要给予认真对待。

开放科学环境下负责任评价实现路径研究

开放科学的发展正在改变学术交流生态,同时对传统科研评价产生挑战,对于科研评价创新的呼声也日益高涨。负责任评价(RRA)应时而生并成为开放科学政策框架的重要组成部分,而如何实现RRA成为关键问题。本文解析开放科学环境下的RRA内涵,总结国内外相关理论与实践进展,在此基础上尝试探索RRA的实现路径,以期为“破四唯”指导下的我国科研评价提供借鉴与参考。以典型内容文本为数据源,通过关键词提取和共现分析得出结论,即以研究质量和影响力为主维度,以知情同行评议为主基调,构成国际RRA改革的主要思路。在分析开放科学背景下我国学术交流新业态与RRA的基础上,提出我国RRA的三层结构框架。其中以识别科研新范式为情境,以改善宏观政策为支撑,以改革评价方式为实操,以评价主体多元化、评价内容多维化、评价对象精准化、评价方法循证化为路径,建立有利于潜心研究和创新的我国科研评价制度,并回答科研评价改革的必答题:“谁来评”“评什么”“如何评”“怎么用”。研究认为,建立质量意识、培育“影响素养”、达成评价系统变革的国际共识,从而提高RRA的互操作性和可移植性,避免相关理论与实践的碎片化是保证RRA顺利实施的关键;将负责任评价理念与实现路径本土化,营造有利于开放科学发展的学术交流环境,将成为我国图书情报工作的新使命。