Study about the Asymmetry Competing Channel Structure under Bargaining Power

On the problem of competing channel structure, we present asymmetry competing channel structure models under bargaining power, analyze the evolving process of channel structure under different bargaining power and product nature, find different bargaining power and product nature important role for channel structure, and also present equilibrium result. Furthermore, the academic proof for channel structure choice is presented.

THE EFFECTS OF SPUTTERING POWER ON STRUCTURE AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Cu FILMS

Cu films with thickness of about 500nm were deposited on glass substrateswithout heating by DC magnetron sputtering in pure Ar gas of 1.0Pa. The sputtering powers weremaintained at 390V X 0.27A, 430V X 0.70A and 450V X l.04A, and the corresponding deposition rates ofCu film reached 35nm/min, l04nm/min and 167nm/min. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopyand atomic force microscopy were used to observe the structural characteristics of the films. Theresistance of the films was measured using four-point probe technique. The amount of larger grainsincreases and the resistivity of the films decreases evidently with an increase in sputtering power.It is considered that the increase in deposition rate with sputtering power mainly weakens theinfluence of residual gas atoms on the growing film, and increases substrate and gas temperatures,resulting in the increase in grain size and the decrease in resistivity of the Cu film.

The Stress-strain Analysis for the Linearly Elastic and Power Hardening of Strength Difference Plane Structure of Bars Jointed to a Rigid-body

The plane structure of bars jointed to a rigid-body is a complex and universal structure.Some other structure of bars can be considered as its special cases. Many material have different stress-strain relation in tension and compression, generally the relation is nonlinear. In this paper,we use the constitutive model of linearly elastic and power hardening of strength difference to analyze plane structure of bars. The displacement method is used to derive the universal expression of calculating stress and strain. The nonlinear equations for computing displacements of the rigid-body has been given and general computing program has been worked out. This problem has been solved satisfactorily.

Multi-Layer and Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Supporting Structure of Large-Scale Spherical Solar Concentrator for the Space Solar Power Station

Space solar power station is a novel renewable energy equipment in space to provide the earth with abundant and continuous power.The Orb-shaped Membrane Energy Gathering Array,one of the alternative construction schemes in China,is promising for collecting space sunlight with a large-scale spherical concentrator.Both the structural and optical performances such as root mean square deformation,natural frequency,system mass,and sunlight blocking rate have significant influences on the system property of the concentrator.Considering the comprehensive performance of structure and optic,this paper proposes a novel mesh grid based on normal polyhedron projection and spherical arc bisection for the supporting structure to deal with the challenge of the large-scale structural modular design.For both achieving low system mass and high surface precision,a multilayer and multi-objective optimization model is proposed by classifying the supporting structure into different categories and optimizing their internal and external diameters.The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is adopted to find optimal sectional dimensions of the different kinds of supporting structure.The infinite model is also established and structural analysis is carried out,which are expected to provide a certain reference for the subsequent detailed structural design.The numerical results indicate that the spherical concentrator designed by the novel mesh grid would obtain as high as 94.37%sunlight collection efficiency.The supporting structure constructed with the multiple layers would reduce the system quality by 6.92%,sunlight blocking rate by 28.54%,maximum deformation by 41.50%,and root mean square by 9.48%to the traditional single layer,respectively.

Zooplankton community size-structure change and mesh size selection under the thermal stress caused by a power plant in a semi-enclosed bay

Zooplankton samples were collected using 505, 160 and 77 μm mesh nets around a power plant during four seasons in 2011. We measured total length of zooplankton and divided zooplankton into seven size classes in order to explore how zooplankton community size-structure might be altered by thermal discharge from power plant. The total length of zooplankton varied from 93.7 to 40 074.7 μm. The spatial distribution of mesozooplankton(200-2 000 μm) populations were rarely affected by thermal discharge, while macro-(2 000-10 000 μm)and megalo-zooplankton(>10 000 μm) had an obvious tendency to migrate away from the outfall of power plant.Thus, zooplankton community tended to become smaller and biodiversity reduced close to power plant.Moreover, we compared the zooplankton communities in three different mesh size nets. Species richness,abundance, evenness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the 505 μm mesh size were significantly lower than those recorded from the 160 and 77 μm mesh size. Average zooplankton abundance was highest in the 77 μm mesh net((27 690.0±1 633.7) ind./m^3), followed by 160 μm mesh net((9 531.1±1 079.5) ind./m^3), and lowest in 505 μm mesh net((494.4±104.7) ind./m^3). The ANOSIM and SIMPER tests confirmed that these differences were mainly due to small zooplankton and early developmental stages of zooplankton. It is the first time to use the 77 μm mesh net to sample zooplankton in such an environment. The 77 μm mesh net had the overwhelming abundance of the copepod genus Oithona, as an order of magnitude greater than recorded for 160 μm mesh net and 100% loss through the 505 μm mesh net. These results indicate that the use of a small or even multiple sampling net is necessary to accurately quantify entire zooplankton community around coastal power plant.

Adjusting and Optimizing Structure of Energy Sources for Power Generation of Fujian Province in the 21st Century

The author puts forward the pattern of optimizing the structure of energy sources for generating power in the early stage of the 21st century in Fujian Province; analyzes imper’tant functions on speeding up nuclear power for adjusting the structure of energy sources and heightening economic benefits.and suggests that the first liquefied natural gas combined-cycle power plant will start to build at the end of this century and every effort is made so as to change the recent unreasonable structure of energy source step by step and form the optimized structure of energy sources for generating power, that includes hydropower, thermal power (coal, oil and natural gas), nuclear power, pumpedstorage power, and power from new energy sources. In order to reach the abovementioned significant target, the author discusses the technical and economic measures and the supporting policy to be taken at present and in future.

Translation of Four-Chinese-Character Structures——With the Report at the 19^(th) National Congress of the Communist Party of China as Case Study

Chinese is featured with four-Chinese-character structures.These forms are typical in pattern,sound and meaning delivery.The thesis,therefore,with classifications of the four-Chinese-character structures in the latest 19^(th)National Congress of the Communist Party of China,attempts to analyze translation methods such as literal translation and liberal translation as well as translation techniques such as combination,shift,addition and omission.It is concluded that dominant methods or techniques are adopted in translating corresponding types of four-Chinese-character structures.In this sense,not only guidance for translation practice in political regard is offered but also a further understanding of translation methods and techniques can be gained.

Study about the Competing Channel Structure under Bargaining Power

From the bargaining process, competing channel structure models are presented. The evolving process of channel structure under different bargaining power is analyzed The important role of different bargaining power is discussed and the equilibrium result is found. Also the theoretical evidences for competing channel structure choice are given.

The Separation of Powers from Functions and the Establishment of a New Structure of Management and Operation of State-owned Assets

The development of the socialist market economy demands the furtherintensification of the reform of the management operating system (MOS)of the state-owned assets, the strengthening of the efficiency in the man-agement of state-owned assets,and the improvement of the operating bene-

Analysis on the Irregular and Asymmetrical Power/Ground Structure by PEEC Modeling

In order to provide some reference for the design of the power/ground system, a complicated power/ground system in time and frequency domains was analyzed, which is based on PEEC (Partial Element Equivalent Circuit). According to the actual requirements, characteristics of some common power/ground structures in time and frequency domains, such as SSN (Simultaneous Switching Noise), are obtained for the future research. The results show the first resonance point is changed with the structure of the power/ground networks.

Research on the attribution evaluating methods of dynamic effects of various parameter uncertainties on the in-structure floor response spectra of nuclear power plant

Consideration of the dynamic effects of the site and structural parameter uncertainty is required by the standards for nuclear power plants （NPPs） in most countries. The anti-seismic standards provide two basic methods to analyze parameter uncertainty. Directly manually dealing with the calculated floor response spectra （FRS） values of deterministic approaches is the first method. The second method is to perform probability statistical analysis of the FRS results on the basis of the Monte Carlo method. The two methods can only reflect the overall effects of the uncertain parameters, and the results cannot be screened for a certain parameter＇s influence and contribution. In this study, based on the dynamic analyses of the floor response spectra of NPPs, a comprehensive index of the assessed impact for various uncertain parameters is presented and recommended, including the correlation coefficient, the regression slope coefficient and Tornado swing. To compensate for the lack of guidance in the NPP seismic standards, the proposed method can effectively be used to evaluate the contributions of various parameters from the aspects ＆sensitivity, acuity and statistical swing correlations. Finally, examples are provided to verify the set of indicators from systematic and intuitive perspectives, such as the uncertainty of the impact of the structure parameters and the contribution to the FRS of NPPs. The index is sensitive to different types of parameters, which provides a new technique for evaluating the anti-seismic parameters required for NPPs.

The Optimal Design of TMD for Offshore Structures

This paper presents the optimal design procedure of Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) for reducing vibration of an actual steel jacket offshore platform excited by random wave loading. In this study, a frequency domain is taken. The force on the structure is determined by use of the linearized Morison equation for an input Power Spectral Density (PSD) of wave elevation. The sensitivity of optimum values of TMD to characteristic parameters of random wave spectrum is analyzed. An optimized TMD design for the modeled platform is given based on design conditions and the findings of the study.

COUPLED ANALYSIS FOR THE HARVESTING STRUCTURE AND THE MODULATING CIRCUIT IN A PIEZOELECTRIC BIMORPH ENERGY HARVESTER

The authors analyze a piezoelectric energy harvester as an electro-mechanically coupled system. The energy harvester consists of a piezoelectric bimorph with a concentrated mass attached at one end, called the harvesting structure, an electric circuit for energy storage, and a rectifier that converts the AC output of the harvesting structure into a DC input for the storage circuit. The piezoelectric bimorph is assumed to be driven into flexural vibration by an ambient acoustic source to convert the mechanical energies into electric energies. The analysis indicates that the performance of this harvester, measured by the power density, is characterized by three important non-dimensional parameters, i.e., the non-dimensional inductance of the storage circuit, the non-dimensional aspect ratio （length/thickness） and the non-dimensional end mass of the harvesting structure. The numerical results show that： （1） the power density can be optimized by varying the non-dimensional inductance for each fixed non-dimensional aspect ratio with a fixed non-dimensional end mass; and （2） for a fixed non-dimensional inductance, the power density is maximized if the non-dimensional aspect ratio and the non-dimensional end mass are so chosen that the harvesting structure, consisting of both the piezoelectric bimorph and the end mass attached, resonates at the frequency of the ambient acoustic source.

Structural Design and Protective Methods for the 100 kW Shoreline Wave Power Station

The structural design and protective methods for the 100 kW shoreline wave power station in China are described in detail. The proper structural type is designed for effective minimization of wave loads and bending stress. Various protective devices are adopted to protect the station in the extreme conditions against excessive power of airflow, excessive torsion of the shaft, over-pressure of the chamber, over-speed of rotation, power failure, and so on. It turns out that the structural design and protective methods for the 100 kW shoreline wave power station are successful.

Thermal fatigue behaviors of SiC power module by Ag sinter joining under harsh thermal shock test

The excellent properties of SiC bring new challenges for the device packaging.In this study,the bonding strength,fracture behaviors and microstructural evolution of micron-porous Ag joint were elevated during thermal cycling(–50 ℃–250 ℃) in SiC/DBC(direct bonding copper) die attachment structure for different time.During harsh thermal shock test,the strength of sintered joint deceased gradually with the increase of cycling number,and the value just was half of the value of as-sintered after 1 000 cycles.Coarsening of Ag grains was observed in micron-porous joint with the structure inhomogeneity and defects increasing,which were the reasons of the strength decease.In addition,it was also found that the fracture behavior of sintered joints was changed from ductile deformation of Ag grain to brittle fracture of crack propagation after 1 000 cycles.This study will add the understanding in the mechanical properties of Ag sinter joining and its applications at high temperature.

Stability Study on the Bucket Foundation with Multi-Compartment During the Floating-up Process Considering Air Compressibility

In the process of developing offshore wind power towards deeper waters,the advantages of the bucket foundation in terms of integrated construction and economy are becoming increasingly evident.In contrast to conventional floating bodies,the air-floating bucket foundations can achieve self-floating with the help of the air in the compartment and adjust its buoyancy and stability by controlling the air volume in the compartment.The construction process of the bucket foundation involves the control of air in the compartment,thus making it more difficult to construct.Especially after the prefabrication of the bucket foundation,the stability of the bucket foundation at the floating-up stage is particularly critical.The stability of a multi-compartment bucket foundation during the floating-up process cannot be accurately evaluated as the existing theoretical method of air-floating structures does not adequately consider air compressibility.To ensure the safety of the floating-up process,a theoretical method based on the idea of intact stability has been developed to analyze the stability of the air-floating bucket foundations,which will allow accurate calculation of the righting arm for different tilt states and critical air leakage angle.At the same time,accuracy and feasibility of the proposed theoretical method are verified through indoor model tests and practical operation of the prototype structure during the floating-up process.In addition,measures to enhance the stability of the bucket foundation are proposed through sensitivity analysis of influencing factors.

Considering for the blanket structure scheme of HCCB DEMO

For the solid blanket concept of helium cooled ceramic breeder (HCCB) demonstration fusion power plant (DEMO), a feasible blanket structure with configuration 2×X is proposed as considering relatively low temperature limit of neutron multiplier beryllium pebbles. Based on that, preliminary design for the typical blanket module of HCCB DEMO has been carried out and verified by thermal-hydraulic analysis and structural analysis. Furthermore, the specific relationship of maximum temperature depended on the surface heating of blanket key part first wall (FW) is also analyzed.

The principle of the Internet evolving and a conjecture on the optimal structure of the Internet

In this paper we will give the statistical characteristics and general principles of an optimal structure of the Internet, which is a scale-free network. Since the purpose of the Internet is to allow fast and easy communication, the average path length is used to measure the performance of the network, and the number of edges of the network is used as a metric of its; cost. Based on this, the goal of this Internet optimization problem is to obtain the highest performance with the lowest cost. A multi goal optimization problem is proposed to model this problem. By using two empirical formulas of （k） and （l）, we are able to find the statistical characteristics of the optimal structure. There is a critical power law exponent ac for the Internet with power law degree distribution, at which the Internet can obtain a relatively good performance with a low cost. We find that this ac is approximately 2.1.

Study of the impacts of upstream natural gas market reform in China on infrastructure deployment and social welfare using an SVM-based rolling horizon stochastic game analysis

Natural gas is expected to play a much more important role in China in future decades, and market reform is crucial for its rapid market penetration. At present, the main gas fields, pipelines and liquefied natural gas(LNG) infrastructure are mainly monopolized by large state-owned companies, and one of the important market reform policies is to open up LNG import rights to smaller private companies and traders. Therefore, in the present study, a game theoretical model is proposed to analyze and compare the impacts of different market structures on infrastructure deployment and social welfare. Moreover, a support vector machine-based rolling horizon stochastic method is adopted in the model to simulate real LNG price fluctuations. Four market reform scenarios are proposed considering different policies such as business separation, third-party access(TPA) and their combinations. The results indicate that, with third-party access(TPA)entrance into the LNG market, the construction of LNG infrastructure will be promoted and more gas will be provided at lower prices, and thus the total social welfare will be improved greatly.