Teaching System of Chinese Architectural History Based on the Idea of “Innovation + Practice + Entrepreneurship”

With the introduction of Opinions on Deepening the Reform in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities issued by the General Office of the State Council, establishing an advanced innovative and entrepreneurial education idea, persisting in cultivation-orientation and comprehensively improving personnel training quality have become an important development direction of higher education, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education reform has provided an impetus for the comprehensive reform in colleges and universities. In this context, how to combine the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education with the traditional teaching system proves to be an important issue to be considered in the development of colleges and universities. The construction of three teaching platforms for innovation, practice and entrepreneurship enables the idea of innovation and entrepreneurship education to be incorporated into the teaching process of Chinese architectural history, thereby carrying out a systematic, comprehensive, far-reaching teaching system reform. The past several years have witnessed a good teaching effect in University of Science and Technology Liaoning due to the implementation of the teaching system reform. It is hoped that the teaching system reform carried out by University of Science and Technology Liaoning can provide a reference for the teaching of Chinese architectural history.

Discussion on the Integration of Musical Elements into the Social Practice Teaching of “The Outline of Chinese Modern and Contemporary History”

Teachers of the ideological and political theory course should be confident in the ideological and political course,insist on the unity of explicit education and recessive education,be good at exploring the ideological and political education resources contained in other courses and teaching methods,and realize the full-time education of all employees.At present,there is still much room for improvement in the collaborative education of aesthetic education and moral education.Teachers of the ideological and political theory course should actively guide and explore the ideological and political education resources of music resources,and use the artistic discourse system to interpret the historical process of modern Chinese social development and revolution,construction,and reform,and its inherent regularity,which reflects the national history and national conditions,reflects the positive results of Marxism in China,the era,and the popularization,guiding students to profoundly understand the history and how the people chose Marxism,chose the Chinese Communist Party,chose the socialist road,and chose reform and opening up;strengthening the road self-confidence,theoretical self-confidence,institutional self-confidence,and cultural self-confidence of socialism with Chinese characteristics;earnestly establish the belief that“only socialism can save China,only socialism with Chinese characteristics can develop China.”

The Application of Historical Materials Teaching Method in High School History Class

In the new curriculum reform, historical materials teaching method is becoming more and more important in middle school history teaching. This article is the analysis of materials in two aspects. This paper analyzes the practical signi??cance of historical materials teaching, and points out the problems that should be paid attention to in the teaching of historical materials. Through the analysis of some teaching cases, it can provide practical experience for the better use of historical materials in the later period.

The History of Czech Literature in China

During a century-long time span,a remarkable array of Czech literary works had been introduced to China,marked by selections of different writers,genres,and themes.This study attempts to discuss what Czech literary works have been translated in China since its beginning in 1921.Besides the selection of texts for introduction,attention has also been given to the formats of their publication,the adoption of introduction approach,choice of intermediate languages,the numbers of different versions,and the frequency of their publication,as well as the textual and paratextual features of the end Chinese products.

A Brief History of the Development of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.

Collection,curation and the use of humidification to restore nest shape in a research museum bird nest collection

Background:Bird nests are an important part of avian ecology.They are a powerful tool for studying not only the birds that built them,but a wide array of topics ranging from parasitology,urbanisation and climate change to evolu-tion.Despite this,bird nests tend to be underrepresented in natural history collections,a problem that should be redressed through renewed focus by collecting institutions.Methods:Here we outline the history and current best practice collection and curatorial methods for the nest col-lection of the Australian National Wildlife Collection(ANWC).We also describe an experiment conducted on nests in the ANWC using ultrasonic humidification to restore the shape of nests damaged by inappropriate storage.Results:The experiment showed that damaged nests can be successfully reshaped to close to their original dimen-sions.Indeed,restored nests were significantly closer to their original shape than they were prior to restoration.Thus,even nests damaged by years of neglect may be fully incorporated into active research collections.Best practice techniques include extensive note taking and photography in the field,subsampling of nests that cannot or should not be collected,appropriate field storage,metadata management,and prompt treatment upon arrival at the collec-tion facility.Conclusions:Renewed focus on nest collections should include appropriate care and restoration of current col-lections,as well as expansion to redress past underrepresentation.This could include collaboration with researchers studying or monitoring avian nesting ecology,and nest collection after use in bird species that rebuild anew each nesting attempt.Modern expansion of museum nest collections will allow researchers and natural history collections to fully realise the scientific potential of these complex and beautiful specimens.

David Hume＇s Culinary Interests and the Historiography of Food

This paper examines the food references in David Hume＇s writings--most notably the correspondence, the essays, and his historical narrative. It is in the latter that we find his culinary interests exhibited in a fair amount of detail----outlining a historiography of food. In fact, people discover a ＂subtext＂ of the history of food in Hume＇s general history of England. Discussed foodstuffs as raw （economic） commodities, food as it is prepared and brought to the table, and as part of a social ritual of manners. All these facets of food practices interested Hume throughout his life （1711-1776） and in his history of the British Isles （ca. 55 BCE to 1688）.

Evaluation of Several Phases in the Development of Management Accounting

This paper discusses three issues, raised by Relevance Lost （Johnson ＆ Kaplan, 1987）, about historical evaluation of the development of management accounting. The first issue is when management accounting system was formed; the second is how to evaluate its development in subsequent decades; the third is how to evaluate the development of practice and research of management accounting in almost twenty years after Relevance Lost was published. The role of Relevance Lost in practice and theoretical research of management accounting is widely recognized, and the disagreement with it in this paper is in the specific area of the development history of management accounting. The authors of this paper believe that the development, through having its ups and downs over time, is generally speaking a continuous process, not separated by disconnected phases, leaping from one to another. Along with the progress in practice and research, researchers and practitioners are deepening their understanding about the theoretical foundation and practical development of management accounting. The history of development of management accounting is consistent with the process people gradually understand it.

The Triadic Dimension of The Communist Manifesto:Its Implications for Scientific Education in a New Era’s Youth Talent

The Communist Manifesto,as the initial comprehensive exposition of scientific socialist theory,encapsulates the scientific spirit of Marxism.As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new epoch,and the world is in the throes of an unprecedented century-long transformation,the importance of young talent in bolstering national scientific and technological progress grows ever more apparent.It is of paramount significance to profoundly understand and elucidate the theoretical heritage,practical guidance,and directional leadership that The Communist Manifesto provides to scientific education for the young talent of this new era from three perspectives:theory,practice,and history.This understanding is vital for young talents to further deepen their accurate comprehension of the governing laws of the Communist Party,the construction laws of socialism,and the development laws of human society.The nurturing of scientific spirit and scientific literacy in young talents has critical implications for providing talent support in building a world scientific and technological powerhouse.

Logical Interpretation of China’s Science and Technology Development Strategy in the New Era

It has been recognized that self-reliance and self-improvement of science and technology is a necessary choice of taking the independent innovation path with Chinese characteristics in the new era,which provides strategic support for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country.Containing the theoretical truth of the Chinese Marxist view of science and technology in the 21st century,it follows the 70-year development path of science and technology in New China,and responds to the scientific and technological strategic choice of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way in the new era.This is not only a theoretical deepening of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important statement on scientific and technological innovation,but also a practical guide for China to implement scientific and technological innovation in the new era.

On the New System of Critical Theories （V）

The complexity of a literary era lies in its diversity and multi-dimensions, and that of the developmentof literary history is that in different historical contexts, the same literary phenomenon may function differently,and may be of different nature, historical missions may be completed differently, and the competition betweendifferent literary schools may often lead to the change of literary ethos. Dialectics of literary history is thatprogress and regression are entwined when it comes to the relationship between a literary era and the majorartistic trends in it, and that history never stops in its own negation. Dynamics of literary history includes thefollowing： it is a universal trend to have shifted from the poetic era to a prose era; myths, as cultural archetypes,determine the development and features of different peoples＇ literature and art; literary history is a combinationof excess and insufficiency and that of activeness and passiveness; the divide and liaison between high browliterature and low-brow literature lead to the general pattern and trend of literature; artistic tastes, ideals andparadigms are established in literary history; the rise, differentiation and development of literary genres runsthrough literary history; and artistic innovation and social pull are usually the driving forces of a new trend,which, in turn, is characterized by overwhelming momentum.

Reading History From Literature： July 1941

The science of history studies past events based on certain documents. A significant part of these documents consists of literary works which reveal a documentary nature by reflecting the period when they were written. Then it is safe to say that literary works play an effective role in terms of history teaching by carrying the features of a certain period in a nation＇s history with the realities depicted in them. On the contrary, depicting problems in literary works in terms of their socio-cultural and psychological effects on people and societies may produce a more effective history teaching then considering these problems in history books only in terms of their causes and effects. Especially the literary works centered on historical events generally serve as an integral part of history teaching. The best examples are the historical novels which are themed and plotted on a war-centered history. This paper undertakes to study the role of literature in communicating historical events and providing history teaching by considering one of the historical novels, namely ＂July 1941＂ by Grigory Baldanov.

Korean Picture Brides in Hawaii： Historical and Literary Narratives

Korean ＂picture brides＂ who migrated to Hawaii a century ago are reborn in stories through literary works produced in 21 st-century Korea and the USA. The literary value of picture bride stories is an important starting point for raising awareness of the reality of Korean migration to the US a century ago and for understanding the status of the 20th-century Korean diaspora beyond national borders and cultural boundaries. This study aimed to investigate the historical background of picture brides in Hawaii in the early 20th century so as to research that the life of Korean picture brides was much harder than those of other Asian picture brides. The stories of picture brides, gleaned from various oral narratives, news articles, poems, plays, and novels, not only represent in great detail the patriarchal and nationalistic discourse prevalent in the period in the US on Korean and Asian picture brides, but also provide important details on these women＇s daily living, independent efforts to make new lives in Hawaii, and the transboundary hybrid culture that emerged as a result. The comparative-literary approach of the study also captures the value of the transnationalist thread in the literary works under study.

On Translation of Classical Chinese Literary Texts

Chinese classical literature is precious treasure of the world literature. In order to transmit and carry forward it, translation is an effective and necessary way, especially as the development ofglobalization and China＇s economy. This paper mainly discusses the history, difficulties, ways and skills on translation of classical Chinese literary texts in this paper.

An evaluative system for restructuring the literary history of modern China

China is now in an era of multiple values. While there is some virtue in previous theories on the history of literature based on the theory of evolution, class struggle and the enlightenment, when it comes to the twenty-first century, the histories of modem Chinese literature used in teaching are farfrom adequate for meeting the developmental needs of the times, society and literature. This is especially so in view of the putting forward of the goals of ＂putting people first＂ and ＂the harmonious society,＂ and the great changes taking place in time and space, the function of literature and aesthetic taste. Hence there is an urgent need to restructure this history and establish a more fair, equal and reasonable system of evaluation. Such a system would have humanism as its highest principle, and truth, goodness and beauty as its three virtues. Its great superiority would be its functional characteristics of universality, transcendence, fairness, and human-centeredness.

The Challenge of Writing a World Literary History

The writing of history has encountered many challenges in twenty-century theoretical discussions,and postmodernism and deconstruction in particular have made literary history all but impossible in the West.Because world literature today remains the canonical works of Western literature,while much of the non-Western literatures and even“minor”"European literatures remain unknown and untranslated,a world history of literature is absolutely necessary to introduce the yet-unknown world literature to a global readership beyond the original linguistic and cultural milieux of those unknown literary works.Translating those yet-unknown works into English for a wider circulation is the first step to make world literature go beyond Eurocentrism,and writing a world history of literature will help us know the basic situation of the world's literary traditions from a truly global perspective.

Mini-CEX理念在妇产科本科SP问诊教学中的应用研究

目的结合Mini-CEX理念和SP问诊评估体系提高妇产科学本科生病史采集能力。方法选取2020年1—12月在我院妇产科完成教学大纲实习轮转计划的97名无法在门诊实习的本科学生作为研究对象。分析OSCE考核SP病史采集考站的出科成绩。结果SP问诊短板集中在未按项目的问诊评分顺序系统地问诊,过程中缺乏小结和缺乏避孕方式问诊。结合Mini-CEX理念,针对学生存在问题构建系统性、逻辑性、真实性、临床判断与解释宣教、时间管理能力和整体胜任力等六大评估指标的改良形成性评价体系。结论联合形成性评价和总结性评价体系为本科教学提供连贯性问诊训练的可行性方案。

Clinical,serological and genetic predictors of inflammatory bowel disease course

Patients with extensive or complicated Crohn's disease(CD) at diagnosis should be treated straightaway with immunosuppressive therapy according to the most recent guidelines.In patients with localized and uncomplicated CD at diagnosis,early use of immunosuppressive therapy is debated for preventing disease progression and limiting the disabling clinical impact.In this context,there is a need for predictors of benign or unfavourable subsequent clinical course,in order to avoid over-treating with risky drugs those patients who would have experienced spontaneous mid-term asymptomatic disease without progression towards irreversible intestinal lesions.At diagnosis,an age below 40 years,the presence of perianal lesions and the need for treating the first flare with steroids have been consistently associated with an unfavourable subsequent 5-year or 10-year clinical course.The positive predictive value of unfavourable course in patients with 2 or 3 predictors ranges between 0.75 and 0.95 in population-based and referral centre cohorts.Consequently,the use of these predictors can be integrated into the elements that influence individual decisions.In the CD postoperative context,keeping smoking and history of prior resection are the stron-gest predictors of disease symptomatic recurrence.However,these clinical predictors alone are not as reliable as severity of early postoperative endoscopic recurrence in clinical practice.In ulcerative colitis(UC),extensive colitis at diagnosis is associated with unfavourable clinical course in the first 5 to 10 years of the disease,and also with long-term colectomy and colorectal inflammation-associated colorectal cancer.In patients with extensive UC at diagnosis,a rapid step-up strategy aiming to achieve sustained deep remission should therefore be considered.At the moment,no reliable serological or genetic predictor of inflammatory bowel disease clinical course has been identified.

Chinese Tradition in the World Literature:Review of Zhang Longxi's A Historyof ChineseLiterature

This essay reviews Zhang Longxi's A History of Chinese Literature.The book covers Chinese literature from its very beginning to modern times.It emphasizes texts'literary and aesthetic qualities when evaluating and historicizing literature.The book demonstrates the importance of canons in literary history,using Chinese tradition as an example.Therefore,it also brings the Chinese tradition into the broader framework of world literature.Reading Zhang's concise historical overview of Chinese literature,we can better understand the interplay between literary tradition and the individual talent.Zhang Longxi has skillfully combined the writing of a history of literature with literary criticism in this book.Zhang's successful attempt informs literary scholars of possible paradigms of compiling literary history in a post-cultural-studies theoretical context.