Construction of an Evaluation Indicator System for Civic and Political Applications in Professional Practice Courses Based on CIPP:Taking the VBSE Practical Training Course as an Example

This study takes the virtual business society environment(VBSE)practical training course as a case study and applies the theoretical framework of the context,input,process,product(CIPP)model to construct an evaluation indicator system for the application of civic and politics in professional practice courses.The context evaluation is measured from the support of the VBSE practical training course into course civic and politics,teachers’cognition,and the integration of course objectives;the input evaluation is measured from the matching degree of teachers’civic and political competence,and the matching degree of teaching resources;the process evaluation is measured from the degree of implementation of civic and politics teaching and the degree of students’acceptance;and the product evaluation is measured from the degree of impact of civic and politics teaching.

The Internal Examination of Ideology and Politics Education in Colleges and Universities under the Perspective of Social Subject Research Method

Human is the subject of social and historical development process.The essence of human is the sum of social relations,and the masses are the creators of history.This is the basic content of social subject research methods,and also an important principle that must be followed by the subject category in ideology and politics education in colleges and universities.From the perspective of social subject research methods,the internal examination of the thought and politics education activities in colleges and universities should include three basic dimensions:adhering to examine the ideological and political moral construction activities via communicative practice,adhering to the principle of"all members,whole process and all dimensions(three-all principle)"to examine the"macro ideological and political"education concept,and adhering to the examination of the innovation of the ideology and politics education method system in higher education for the promotion of students’subjectivity.

On the Functions of Euphemism in Social Communication

In the process of social linguistic communication,due to the different circumstances and conditions,people can not express certain things clearly in a direct way when they come across some thing painful,unpleasant,disgusted and even embarrassing.Instead,they have to use somevague,implicit,mild and euphemistic expressions,so as to achieve the purpose of expressing feelings and exchanging ideas and thoughts in an appropriate and light atmosphere.This paper tries to deal with the application of euphemisms in various fields,thereby reveal some main functions of euphemism,i.e.avoidance function,politeness function,gloss-over function and disguise function.

The Limitation and Development of Elizabeth Gaskell＇s Social Vision

Gaskell, for all her sympathy for the lower orders, responds to questions posed by differences of class with a conciliatory spirit. She writes like a social realist, but when she is confronted with taking a position, she often opts for reconciliation or even escapism. Gaskell＇s ambivalent attitude towards social classes is brought to the forefront in Mary Barton （1847）, which she originally entitled John Barton. The change of the title has led to critical argument that the novel is an artistic failure, and the shift from a political novel with a clear social purpose to a domestic romance which covers up social discontent is too unprepared and comes across as a fantasy on the part of the novelist. This peculiar structure of the novel reveals the limitation of Gaskell＇s social vision as a novelist. In North and South （1852）, Gaskell presents the precarious situation of workers and their tense relations with industrialists in a more balanced way by giving more attention to the thinking and perspective of the employers, a narrative perspective far different from her treatment in Mary Barton which adopts the view of the working poor. The on-going social mobility and the shift of social gravity from the aristocracy to the mercantile, a historical reality which Matthew Arnold clearly delineates in Culture and Anarchy, are truthfully observed and represented by Gaskell and her representation of this new ruler class marks her progressive social view, expressing her optimistic belief in England＇s progress towards an industrial future. In an interval of seven years between the publications of the two novels in question, Gaskell＇s social vision had matured into critical realism.

New Media, Public Sphere, and Arab Spring： Demystifying the Power of Social Networks

This paper looks at the new media, communication, and political environment in both Tunisia and Egypt during and after the revolution. The new environment provided activists, politicians, civil society, and youth among others, who want to express their opinions and share their views, with various channels and means of corranunication to be part of the political action and to participate in the decision-making process. Social media played an important role in mobilizing youth to rally and protest. This is to say that a new model of communication has emerged with this new environment. The receiver has become the sender and the producer of the message. The process of communication, therefore, has been changed from one to many to from many to many, and everybody became sender and receiver at the same time. The main research question this paper aims to answer is： Are social networks enough to change the political and economic scene in the Arab World？ And is there a relationship between the new communication environment and Arab spring？ The year 2011 has been in the Arab world the year of social networks and radical changes in the political scene where a score of dictators were ousted. New political communication networks and mechanisms took place, and for the first time in Arab political communication, public opinion was a major political player. Social networks helped tremendously the formation of new public sphere where the public finds its way in the media and communication processes. At their best, new media can mobilize crowds and masses to rally and protest. They can give a social perspective to movements. However, they can＇t make change and implement democracy. After the collapse of the regimes in Tunisia and Egypt, things are not getting any better. There is no democratic transition, and both countries are experiencing complex economic, social, and political problems.

Reassessing Human Rights VS Democracy of the Public:A Necessary Challenge?

Today,we are witnessing a profound transformation of the dominant model of representative democracy which is increasingly giving way to a new form of democracy of the public,as Bernard Manin defined it.In a democracy of the public,parties tend to personalise themselves,becoming machines serving one particular person,who embodies public feelings.Participation and social organization within the territory are progressively replaced by a widespread communication and social media framework where the citizens become just passive spectators.To this,we must add that the spectacularisation of the current democratic systems,adopted to satisfy the audience,leads to negative effects on the protection of fundamental rights.This article will analyse the aspects that characterise the democracies of the public,and their social and legal effects on the consideration of human rights.The article goes further without being limited to this issue.In fact,it wants to emphasise the way human rights are crucial to bolstering democracies,rather than merely the other way around.Doctrines and politics have frequently emphasised the need for democracy,and,more specifically,the export of democracies to advance human rights.Contrarily,a shift in perspective is required in order to preserve liberal democracies.

The Islamic Studies in China-Research in Political and Social Fields

In the research of political and social fields,modern Islamic politics has evolved into three schools of nationalism,modernism and fundamentalism in the 20th century.The research in the field of contemporary Islam involves different countries,nationalities and different economic and political conditions.It is not only the research field of religion,but also has the characteristics of interdisciplinary academic frontier.From the perspective of academic research,these trends have attracted the attention and research of scholars inside and outside the church on Islamic political and social issues.Recently,there have been many problems related to Islam and the current international political life,as well as the research results of Islamic social thoughts and social movements.

Conflicts & Immigration Impacts on Built Environment: A Case Study of Arab Marshes in Iraq

The importance of water to our lives cannot be overemphasized as it is the source of all living things. Water scarcity is a concern in many Middle Eastern nations due to war and politics. Many people lose their essence due to actions made by their rulers, such as the Marsh Arabs. Water and biodiversity should be considered, and governments should be held accountable for attaining a more balanced lifestyle and reducing immigrant levels. Many academics have also explored the hydro-immigration of marshland residents. They suffer more hazards due to a lack of money, poor education, and social instability than their colleagues who remain in their own country. Furthermore, they have insufficient health care and have difficulty integrating into the new community. This implies that not all nations that receive such migrants can implement programs to assist the immigrants. This research reveals how wars, hydro-politics, and immigration issues have drastically affected architecture and social structures in the Arab Marshes region, leading to ecological destruction, mass migrations, and cultural loss. Therefore, this work focuses on the need to critically investigate all factors covered within the context of this research.

Japanese Social Mentality and the Change in the Approval Rates of the Abe Administration

From June to July of 2017, the approval rates of the Abe administration fell sharply, in stark contrast to the long-term stability since 2012. The stability of Abe＇ s approval rates originated from the people＇ s negative support for him and their opposition to the Security Laws and other important events as well as the scandals under his administration. The opposition and negative support originated from the people＇s ＂acquired helplessness＂, ＂Abenomics＂, the sharp drop in the opporttmity costs of voting and other conditions. The sudden fall of Abe＇ s approval rates was not due to the change in the aforementioned conditions, rather because of the collapse of his image including personality owing to Abe＇ s perceived arrogance and his estrangement with the people. In the context of the temporary stabilization of approval rates, Abe dissolved the House of Representatives ahead of schedule and held a general election, taking full advantage of the internal strife between the opposition parties, to achieve his goal of ruling until the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. His victory in the recent election does not accurately demonstrate that Abe is completely immune to negative impact, thus he will to use the Korean Peninsula crisis and other issues to demonstrate his ability of safeguarding Japan＇s security, seek reconstruction of his image, and further enhance his approval rate to stabilize his administration.

Politicizing the queue： The social, political and cultural symbolism of hair in Qing dynasty and young republican China

The human body, such as hair, serves as a prism through which historical and cultural contexts are effectively refracted. Despite its historical and cultural significance, the role of hair, however, remains curiously a marginalized subject among the renewed interests on the body in the academic fields. In this paper, the author attempts to politicize the queue from 3 perspectives： maintaining a certain prescribed hairstyle is a top-down gesture to construct national conformity; the boundary between Manchu and Han is invoked and reinvented through the battles surrounding the queue politic in late Qing and early Republic; the widespread debate between keeping the queue and cutting the queue at the turn of the 20th century epitomizes the haunting rhetoric of traditionalism and modernism pursuit of modernity in China.

Analysis of the Network Ideological and Political Guidance under the Socialism Core Values

The core values of socialism is a unique value concept in our country. It has a strong scientifi c and rational needs. The socialist core values education is a branch of the ideological and political education. From the perspective of the core values education in ancient China, this paper discusses the education of the socialist core value in related issues. Based on the great practice of Chinese characteristic socialism, this paper deeply studies from the aspect of Marxism and socialism value theory of the basic issues of the construction of socialist core values, systematically analyzes the scientifi c connotation, signifi cance, content, structure and basic approaches of the socialist core value education, striving to present some new idea and viewpoints on the above topics. Under the influence of the network environment, the socialist core values should refl ect its value to guide the network ideological and political, make the network environment more healthy, more adapt to the development of the contemporary society. This paper discusses the network ideological and political guidance under socialism core values.

Understanding Antecedents of Civic Engagement in the Age of Social Media:From the Perspective of Efficacy Beliefs

This study examines three efficacy beliefs-political self-efficacy,political collective efficacy,and knowledge sharing efficacy-as antecedents of social media use and civic engagement.Employing more than one thousand samples in Singapore,we empirically test(a)a conceptual framework that can provide an understanding of the relationship between the three types of efficacy and civic engagement and(b)the underlying mechanism through which the three types of efficacy beliefs affect civic engagement via social media.The findings suggest that knowledge sharing efficacy was found to play an important role in mediating the relationships between social media use and political self-efficacy,political collective efficacy,respectively,which,in turn,influences the social media use.

Incorporation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Char-acteristics for a New Era into Teaching of Ideological and Political Theories in Colleges and Universities--A Case Study of Accomplishments in Morality and Introduction to Law

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is an important achievement of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Taking the course of accomplishments in morality and introduction to law as an example,the incorporation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era into teaching of ideological and political theories in colleges and universities is discussed in this article from the three following aspects of why should be incorporated,what to be incorporated,and how to incorporate to promote the spread of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era among the student groups.

Understanding the pathogenesis of hip fracture in the elderly, osteoporotic theory is not reflected in the outcome of prevention programmes

Hip fractures are an acute and worsening public health problem. They mainly affect elderly people, a population group that is highly vulnerable to disease and accidents, and to falls in particular. Although it has been suggested that osteoporosis is the cause of hip fractures, they mainly occur after a fall has been suffered. The underlying causes of a fall are not related to osteoporosis, although pharmaceutical companies have coined the term "osteoporotic fracture" for hip fractures in the elderly. Drug treatments for osteoporosis have not diminished the frequency of these injuries, nor have they prevented the occurrence of a subsequent fracture. Since pharmaceutical interests require osteoporosis to be considered a disease, rather than a normal condition of senescence, they go further by assuming that treatment for osteoporosis is essential, and that this policy will diminish the incidence of hip fractures. On the other hand, the origin and treatment of conditions that may be conducive to provoking falls are very difficult to elucidate. In this paper, we consider some of the medical and social problems that arise in this area, as well as conflicts of interest regarding the aetiopathogenesis and prevention of hip fracture, and propose a new paradigm for the prevention of falls.

Metropolitan Emblems or Symbols in Globalization？ Both for the Future of Metropolises and Their Citizens

This research concerns on ＂metropolis and metropolisation＂： what is new with the symbols of city local life and the emblems of global competition？ From New York, Rome, Barcelone, Paris and Bordeaux, the same question demands specific answers： can we live and appreciate urban and metropolitan symbols and emblems together or on their own？ That is the question for towns and the future of their citizens. Confrontation of urban sites and observed places with the plural points of view of their establishment, their designers and urban skills, and their inhabitants and citizens. The combination of these several points of view always make a richer discovery than their disciplinary partition and monopoly.

The Mental Origins and the Evolution of Political Order

The paper proposes that the four-component structure of political order consists of state, imagination, rule, and accountability whose mental origins are the social brain, theory of mind, the rational brain, and the empirical brain, respectively. The rational brain and the empirical brain are from the thinking brain. This paper posits that in the evolution of political order, the main function of political order is to pacify changed social structure derived from technological revolution. Therefore, the four technological revolutions (the Upper Paleolithic, Agricultural-Bronze, Iron, and Industrial Revolutions) produce the four changed social structures (linked bands, tribe, mega empire, and modern nation, respectively) whose internal conflicts are pacified by the four political revolutions (the imaginative, hierarchical, thinking, bottom-up political revolutions, respectively) to form the four politics (the imaginative egalitarianism, decentralized hierarchical tribalism, centralized top-down thinking, and multilateral bottom-up thinking politics, respectively). In the competitive West originated from Greece and Middle East, the rule of law is the rational rule of competition among competitors, and the accountability of election is the empirical accountability of competition among competitors. In the cooperative East originated from India and China, the rule of relation is the rational rule of cooperation among kin-friends, and the accountability of professional qualification is the empirical accountability of cooperation among kin-friends. For political order, the two viable politics are competitive liberal democracy based on liberty and cooperative well-off democracy (well-off socialism) based on wellbeing. The direction of political order is middle democracy between liberal democracy and well-off democracy based on the multilateral bottom-up thinking politics.

Visualizing Clashes and Alliances in Social Networks of Political Discussions

Political discussions are characterized by conflicts of interest, and decisions are made based on negotiations. In general, participants need to reinforce their opinions and influence other participants. In this context, it is important to know how allies and opponents are positioned, in order to understand the discussion dynamics and plan adequate actions. This paper suggests the use of social network visualizations to explicit oppositions and alliances in order to support the understanding and following of political discussions. A system which supports these visualizations was built. An experiment performed to test the proposed visualizations showed to which extent they can be more efficient in identifying information about clashes and alliances than an online discussion system can.

Politics and the Twitter Revolution: A Brief Literature Review and Implications for Future Research

This study conducted a review of the literature on Twitter and politics. The review is summarized under three inter-related themes: 1) does social media help politicians to be elected? 2) who benefits from social media? and 3) political polarization on Twitter. Regarding the first theme, some studies find a strong support for the argument that politicians may create electoral benefits from adopting this new technology, while others fail to find such evidence. Evidence regarding the second query is also mixed. Many have believed that underdogs may benefit the most from social media uses, but several studies challenge this claim by showing that the already established and popular politicians may be those who gain most from their Twitter uses. Taken altogether, previous evidence regarding the first and second queries is mixed. However, previous studies still find strong evidence of increasingly polarizing public opinions on Twitter and of social media’s contribution to this trend.

What Will Election Be Without the Media？： An Appraisal of the Media and 2015 Presidential Elections in Nigeria

The media role in the political space cannot be exaggerated. The impact of media on politics and political space are awesome; and the media often define agenda for public debates. The growth trajectory from traditional to social media signposts increased relevance and influence of the media in the political space. This work examines the role of media in the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria. The media are assessed against the backdrops of the reportage on party financing, political violence, election handling by the electoral umpire and political campaign. This article is predicated on specific media theories to explain and interpret the strength, significance and reach of the media. There has been a shift in media role of informing the public to influence political behavior and determine the critical issues for public conversations and debates. The paper found that the social media has assumed considerable penetration in Nigeria; and constitute important platforms for intriguing political exchanges including hate campaigns between the major parties. The social media space enables the electorate to directly engage the Presidential candidates on major national issues. The rote of social media would likely grow deeper at the 2019 General Elections to deepen political culture, quality of campaign and extent of electoral competition. A fraction of the traditional media, however, assumed partisanship in the coverage of political parties and their interpretations of political news.

The Artificialization and Politicization of the Geographical Space： A Theoretical Inquisition Into the Sociology of Human Identity and Individual Mobility

The geographical space is the void space that nature creates for human habitation. It is simply a natural space for man, animals, and other creatures. It is the natural environment which accommodates the waters, the plants, the flowers, the trees, and the oceans; all the features facilitate the process of romanticization and socialization between man and his space. It is the same space that man has converted into a political establishment by creating artificial barriers all over to delimit physical movements of individuals across the space, to establish political and social identities for all citizens of the earth via political and geographical platforms, and to locate states within some fixed territories for the purpose of their governmental activities. The dilemma that has been created by the politicization of the geographical space in terms of forced or inherited identity and the automatic loss of identity choices to others, needs to be interrogated using a theoretical construct and a methodological approach. The migration theory needs to be contextualized with another appropriate conceptual framework like universal man theory to determine the dynamics of human mobility, constraints and bathers created for political and administrative expediencies. The question of identity-legitimation would naturally be a central theme in this discourse. Who possesses the right, obligation, authority and power to establish an identity for man？ Is it the state？ The parents？ The environment？ What is even the role of the creator Himself in identity-allocation？ In investigating this sociological rhetoric, the study aimed at interrogating the artificiality of the political structures and how these structures infringe on a man＇s birthright to explore the vastness of his environment from one end to the other without being inhibited by political and administrative creations. We further establish the fact that political artificiality is in obvious conflict with some natural privileges that a man was entitled to. Some of these privileges include the choice to belong to any part of the space that he so desired to adopt for settlement. Until we resolve this conflict, we may not be able to determine if migration is a political or economic act or a spiritual exercise that man must undergo to complete the process of his existential mobility.