The Principle of Differentiation into Physical and Mathematical Theories

The article formulates the main principle of physics, which underlies this science. This principle has been called by the author of this article the Principle of differentiation into physical and mathematical theories. The article gives examples of the application of this principle in quantum mechanics and cosmology. A more detailed proof of the principle of equivalence of the electromagnetic field and the field of strong interaction to a free material particle is given. This principle, formulated in the article “Electrodynamics in Curvilinear Coordinates and the Equation of a Geodesic Line”, revealed the nature of the mass of elementary particles and became the basis for the formulation of the Principle of differentiation into physical and mathematical theories.

Secret Codes of Scale Distribution of Different Matter Stratums from Planck Scale to the Sun-Scale, Proof of Anthropic Principle and Different Stratum Sciences

This paper discovers the secret codes of the scale distribution from Planck scale to the Sun-scale by using Planck length derived from three fundamental physics constants, i.e., gravitation constant G, light speed c and Plank constant, and starting from the global consideration of treating the whole universe as a well unified entity in all scales. According to this symmetric scale distribution law of different scale regions: (a) we naturally give a possibility overcoming the difficulty of the desert effect between the grand unification scale and electroweak unification scale relevant to quarks and leptons, and it is really surprising to discover that the scales of quarks & electrons, protons & neutrons and atoms again all sequentially locate at the predicted points of the scale space;(b) we closely uncover the scale of the cells, which is the basic unit constructing the human bodies;(c) even the average height of human being is naturally deduced;(d) further, it is very surprising that the scales of the celestial bodies tightly related to us human beings, including the earth and the sun, also exactly fall at the predicted points in scale space in order. Therefore, all these scales with 105n cm order (n = 0, 1, 2, …, 9) above just give a proof of very key anthropic principle for whole mankind (which just makes the anthropic principle be reduced as anthropic theorem), i.e., matter stratums (a) and (b) are inorganic and organic bases of constructing human being respectively;matter stratum (c) is just human being;matter stratums (d) are the living environments of human being. Namely, everything is for or relevant to the existence of human being. Consequently, the experimentally checked scale ladder of well-known matter levels just coincides with the scale ladder predicted by the deduced distribution law. From Planck scale to the Sun scale, people may systematically build up the exact scientific theories corresponding ten matter stratums, may set up the different sciences among the different cross stratums, further, can systematically understand all the different sciences and their relations in the deepest way up to now.

A Study on the Legal Sources and Principles of Consumer Cooling-off Period System

In October 25, 2013, the Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress made a decision on revising the ＂consumer rights protection law＂ of PRC. The new revised ＂Chinese Consumer Protection Law＂ China consumers will take consumer cooling-off period system as an important consumer right.2 Because it is a new system different from traditional civil law ＂principle of obeying compacts＂ , and the theoretical research on the calm period by scholars is still not mature enough. This paper discusses the consumer cooling off period from the theoretical perspective, and its legal origin, and puts forward and demonstrates legal principles and the legal basis the cooling off period system should follow.

A Fractal Space-Time Structure of Nonequilibrium Living Systems Is Essential Property and Fractal Property of Dynamics Systems on Cosmic Scales Is Foundation for the Origin of the Living Systems

The experimental data represented in the bibliography are theoretically analyzed to construct an adequate model for dynamics of an open nonequilibrium living system. It is shown that the viable microorganisms are capable of forming the fractal structure, whose dimensionality is certainly non-integral. In addition, we have attempted to provide a generalized description of the properties of living and nonliving matter (in the addition to that described in work [1]). Relevant published data were used to demonstrate a fractal structure of the space in the vicinity of centrally gravitating bodies with satellites revolving around them along closed trajectories and serving as a kind of testers of the neighboring space. A local violation of its discontinuity is likely to be a necessary (yet not sufficient!) dynamic characteristic of the spatiotemporal continuum for self-organization of molecules into a living, i.e., self-replicating, system.

Natural Selection and Thermodynamics of Biological Evolution

The author of this article proposes that the representation of Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace’s theory on “variation and selection” in the living world is a reflection of the action of hierarchical thermodynamics. Hierarchical thermodynamics is based on the law of temporal hierarchies and on the principle of substance stability. This principle enables the transmission of thermodynamic information between lower and higher structural hierarchies, in both forward and reverse direction: from nucleic acids to higher structural hierarchies and back. The principle of substance stability, in fact, is the main dynamical and thermodynamic mechanism of natural selection. It is alleged that the natural selection of atoms, molecules, organisms, populations, and other hierarchical structures takes place under the action of a variety of internal factors within organisms and the external environmental factors that can be considered as tropisms. Forms (design) of living organisms are formed as a result of spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes that lead to the adaptation of living systems to the environment. The selection is carried out as a result of the impacts of different energy types and the principle of substance stability at all levels of hierarchical structures. Actions of tropisms are presented by various members of the generalized Gibbs equation.

Management of the Higher Education Institution in the Ethical Actions Context

Managing the university in the context of ethics is one of many elements in the management of this specific organization. The task of university is functioning based on universal values, mission, vision, ethical codes, and responsibility and worthy behavior towards internal and external environment. In the era of globalization and constant changes, only a modernly managed higher education institution, acting according to principles of ethics, is able to meet requirements of surroundings. Behaviors of academic community should promote ethical actions in higher education institutions. It should be noted that the reputation, prestige in higher education, should also be based on the proceedings consistent with ethics.

A retrospective view on the history of natural sciences in XX-XXI

The presented paper is dedicated to a new ret-rospective view on the history of natural sci-ences in XX-XXI cc, partially including the sci-ence philosophy (mainly, the problems of the scientific realism, i.e. the correspondence of science to reality) and also a novel scheme for different classes of sciences with different ob-jects and paradigms. There are analyzed the chosen “great” and “grand” problems of phys-ics (including the comprehension of quantum mechanics, with a recently elaborated new chapter, connected with time as a quantum obs- ervable and time analysis of quantum processes) and also of natural sciences as a whole. The particular attention is paid to the interpretation questions and slightly to the aspects, inevitably connected with the world- views of the res- earchers (which do often constitute a part of the interpretation questions).

Human Rights Value Based on the Legislation Principle of the Basic Healthcare and Health Promotion Law

The draft of the Basic Healthcare and Health Promotion Law directly incorporates the concept of the right to health,which will have a positive significance in realizing the constitutional norms of the right to health protection.China’s Constitution stipulates the general policy,concrete duties and specific obligations of the state to protect citizens’ right to health,which is the most fundamental logical starting point of legislative design.The implementation of state obligations requires the legislation to follow the principles as follows:people-centered public welfare,respecting and protecting the principle of citizens’ right to health,equitable access to basic medical and health services and the government responsibility for the purpose of the people’s health.

Translation Criticism on English Versions of An Ascent to Youzhou Tableland from the Point of Xu Yuanzhong's Poetic Translation Theory

There are manifold requirements on the poetic translation,making poetic translation most difficult.The paper,taking An Ascent to Youzhou Tableland as an example,selects four most representative pieces at home and abroad,as the research objectives of translation criticism.The comparative analysis based on three aspects is utilized for appreciation with the guideline of Xu Yuanzhong’s poetic translation theory.

Interregional Value-Added Tax in the Era of E-Commerce: Tax Policy Design Based on Big Data from Online Retailing

The value-added tax(VAT)in China is levied and allocated based on the origin principle.Under the background of the increasing substitution of online retail for traditional offline retail,this mechanism will exacerbate the disparity of regional tax revenue,and intensify tax competition among local governments.Therefore,reconsidering the allocation mechanism of value-added tax in China can be an important policy decision,and it is influenced by various economic and social factors.Firstly,we utilize large-scale retail transaction data from an e-commerce platform to measure regional disparities in retail and consumption among different regions and then reveals present tax policy results in revenue imbalance in different regions.Secondly,we establish a model based on game theory to illustrate how the origin principle leads to fierce tax competition among regions.Furthermore,by establishing and solving tax allocation models between local governments and the central government,this study simulates and calculates the degree of revenue imbalance under different scenarios and attempts to propose policy measures.The results indicate that implementing the destination principle will reduce regional tax imbalances.Moreover,adjusting the allocation ratio between the central government and local governments based on city levels is advantageous for further reducing regional tax revenue disparities.

Iterative Decoding of Parallel Concatenated Block Codes and Coset Based MAP Decoding Algorithm for F24 Code

A multi dimensional concatenation scheme for block codes is introduced, in which information symbols are interleaved and re encoded for more than once. It provides a convenient platform to design high performance codes with flexible interleaver size. Coset based MAP soft in/soft out decoding algorithms are presented for the F24 code. Simulation results show that the proposed coding scheme can achieve high coding gain with flexible interleaver length and very low decoding complexity.

The “3 Genomic Numbers” Discovery: How Our Genome Single-Stranded DNA Sequence Is “Self-Designed” as a Numerical Whole

This article proves the existence of a hyper-precise global numerical meta-architecture unifying, structuring, binding and controlling the billion triplet codons constituting the sequence of single-stranded DNA of the entire human genome. Beyond the evolution and erratic mutations like transposons within the genome, it’s as if the memory of a fossil genome with multiple symmetries persists. This recalls the “intermingling” of information characterizing the fractal universe of chaos theory. The result leads to a balanced and perfect tuning between the masses of the two strands of the huge DNA molecule that constitute our genome. We show here how codon populations forming the single-stranded DNA sequences can constitute a critical approach to the understanding of junk DNA function. Then, we suggest revisiting certain methods published in our 2009 book “Codex Biogenesis”. In fact, we demonstrate here how the universal genetic code table is a powerful analytical filter to characterize single-stranded DNA sequences constituting chromosomes and genomes. We can then show that any genomic DNA sequence is featured by three numbers, which characterize it and its 64 codon populations with correlations greater than 99%. The number “1” is common to all sequences, expressing the second law of Chargaff. The other 2 numbers are related to each specific DNA sequence case characterizing life species. For example, the entire human genome is characterized by three remarkable numbers 1, 2, and Phi = 1.618 the golden ratio. Associated with each of these three numbers, we can match three axes of symmetry, then “imagine” a kind of hyperspace formed by these codon populations. Then we revisit the value (3-Phi)/2 which is probably universal and common to both the scale of quarks and atomic levels, balancing and tuning the whole human genome codon population. Finally, we demonstrate a new kind of duality between “form and substance” overlapping the whole human genome: we will show that—simultaneously with the duality between genes and junk DNA—there is a second layer of embedded hidden structure overlapping all the DNA of the whole human genome, dividing it into a second type of duality information/redundancy involving golden ratio proportions.

Multi-Barycenter Mechanics, N-Body Problem and Rotation of Galaxies and Stars

In the present paper, the establishment of a systematic multi-barycenter mechanics is based on the multi-particle mechanics. The new theory perfects the basic theoretical system of classical mechanics, which finds the law of mutual interaction between particle groups, reveals the limitations of Newton’s third law, discovers the principle of the intrinsic relationship between gravity and tidal force, reasonably interprets the origin and change laws for the rotation angular momentum of galaxies and stars and so on. By applying new theory, the multi-body problem can be transformed into a special two-body problem and for which an approximate solution method is proposed, the motion law of each particle can be roughly obtained.

局部编织技术的编织原理与应用

为了对局部编织的创新设计提供理论与技术支持,基于SDS-ONE APEX3岛精服装设计系统以纬平针为地组织设计局部编织花样色码,主要从编织与休止针数变化的角度介绍局部编织技术的编织原理,提出不加不减局部编织、减针局部编织与加针局部编织的工艺设计方法,并在电脑横机上编织出织片小样,进一步阐述局部编织技术在二维平面的嵌花色块拼接、镂空肌理的孔眼效应、三维立体的凹凸造型以及结构轮廓成形编织方面的应用。通过对比分析花样色码与织片小样,指出局编加减针规则与先后顺序、吊目方式、色纱组合等因素对局编织片外观的影响,对局部编织技术在针织创意花型开发与成形编织方面的应用具有指导意义。

教育法典基本原则的确立与展开

教育法典基本原则是贯穿教育法典编纂及实施的核心价值与根本规律,具有立法统领和适法指导的功能,是教育法典总则必不可少的组成部分。基于规范梳理和学理分析,教育法典的基本原则可提炼为依法治教原则、立德树人原则、教育公益性原则、教育自主性原则、教育公平与教育效益相结合原则、终身教育原则、教育领域多重利益兼顾原则和教育领域协同治理原则八个方面。这八项原则层层递进、彼此联动。基本原则的条款设计,应当把握独特性和体系性的平衡,精准呈现各项原则的基本内涵及原则之间的协同关系。

教育法典中数字教育规范图景及其实现

新时代,教育立法的核心任务是提升立法品质、实现良法善治,随着教育法典编纂工作被列入立法计划,教育法法典化研究受到广泛关注。面临数字社会快速发展新形态,数字教育新问题日益凸显,数字技术的应用为传统的教育模式带来一系列新挑战,现阶段的数字教育法律体系难以满足数字教育治理的迫切需求,数字背景下的高质量教育立法显得至关重要。将数字教育规范深度融入教育法典之中,应当成为法典编纂设想的题中应有之义。在编纂教育法典的系统性工程中,遵循数字教育规范进路,以数字教育法律原则、数字教育主体规范、数字教育行为规范和数字教育技术规范为基础,充分补充、调整和升级相关数字教育法律规范,形成以数字教育法律原则为统领的数字教育法律规范图景,为教育的高质量、可持续发展奠定坚实的制度基础。

知识产权客体兜底规范的内在关系及适用逻辑——以《民法典》第123条与《著作权法》第3条的适用为分析视角

《民法典》对知识产权客体类型的立法取向秉持法定主义立场,而现行《著作权法》对作品类型的规范选择却经历了由“作品类型法定”到“作品类型开放”的重大转变,致使两法客观呈现权利客体类型开放与封闭的立法模式差异。实践中应揭示这种假性矛盾的本质,厘清私权部门种属概念间错位类比的逻辑误区,明确过渡性知识产权基本规范对各知识产权单行法特殊性问题的解释缺失,以《民法典》与《著作权法》之间互为“表里”的“隔代”调适关系为逻辑基础,支撑知识产权客体相关规范在司法适用中的实践展开。即以作品类型扩张的现实表现和法律解释经验为起点,以民事私权的价值理念为根基,秉持审慎开放、体系化解释和司法确认优先原则,在具体案件中依照知识产权权属定位、著作权权属定位、作品类型定位的逻辑层次,在权利客体兜底款项启用时严格把握相对开放的审慎裁判思路。

适用2000 HSC CODE的高速船特点及总体设计要求

高速船由于其航速高、质量轻、营运特殊等特点,需要适用的规则与常规船型不同。2000年的《国际高速船安全规则》(简称2000 HSC CODE)作为较完备的适用于高速船的规则,被各海事主管机关广泛接受作为高速船的设计依据。文中简要介绍2000 HSC CODE的安全原理,以及该规则对各海事主管机关的适用程度;然后通过国内外高速船事故来分析该类船的事故类型及致因特点,并进一步介绍了适用高速船的风险控制及设计措施,包括营运限制、破舱稳性、防火要求和撤离分析等总体设计要求,以供理解高速船的安全原理并指导其设计。

从“三才”到“三纲”:董仲舒王道观之嬗变

董仲舒王道观由“三才”向“三纲”之嬗变,蕴含着由法天以为仁到本天以立仁(人)的思想。这同时意味着“元”机展露与开显。纵向层面,董子之天备具了本然性根基,从而使天哲学乃至“天人一”得以确立;横向维度,天地人以及物共“元”之性而成“天下一”。董子王道观于“元”的确认中从终极意义上证成了王道本正的先天依据,并由此建构了“天人一”与“天下一”统一的“王天下”图式。