Mitochondrial dysfunction and quality control lie at the heart of subarachnoid hemorrhage

The dramatic increase in intracranial pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure and a reduction in cerebral blood flow.Mitochondria are directly affected by direct factors such as ischemia,hypoxia,excitotoxicity,and toxicity of free hemoglobin and its degradation products,which trigger mitochondrial dysfunction.Dysfunctional mitochondria release large amounts of reactive oxygen species,inflammatory mediators,and apoptotic proteins that activate apoptotic pathways,further damaging cells.In response to this array of damage,cells have adopted multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms through evolution,including mitochondrial protein quality control,mitochondrial dynamics,mitophagy,mitochondrial biogenesis,and intercellular mitochondrial transfer,to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions.Specific interventions targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for subarachnoid hemorrhage.This review provides an overview of recent research advances in mitochondrial pathophysiological processes after subarachnoid hemorrhage,particularly mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.It also presents potential therapeutic strategies to target mitochondrial quality control in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Application of Specialized Group Management in the Quality Control of Perioperative Nursing

Objective:To explore the role of specialized group management in the quality control of perioperative nursing.Methods:45 surgical nurses from our hospital were selected as the research subjects.Traditional operating room management was adopted from July 2019 to June 2020,and specialized group management was adopted from July 2020 to June 2021.The surgeon’s satisfaction,surgical nurses’core professional competence,and surgical patients’satisfaction were obtained through surveys and the results were analyzed.Results:Surgeon satisfaction before the implementation of specialized group management was significantly lower than after its implementation(P<0.05).Besides,surgical nurses’core professional competency scores before the implementation of specialized group management were significantly lower than after its implementation(P<0.05).Lastly,surgical patients’satisfaction before the implementation of specialized group management was significantly lower than after its implementation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Specialized group management helps to improve the quality of perioperative care and should be applied in clinical practice.

Evaluation of the Impact of Refined Quality Control Management Model on the Qualified Rate of Disinfection and Sterilization of Surgical Instruments in the Sterilization Supply Center

Objective:To evaluate the application value of a refined quality control management model for a sterilization supply center.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the work situation of the sterilization supply center from January 2021 to January 2023.The work situation before January 31,2022,was classified as the control group;a routine quality control management model was implemented,and the work situation after January 31,2022,was classified as the observation group.The quality of medical device management and department satisfaction between the two groups were compared.Results:The timely recovery and supply rate,classification and cleaning pass rate,disinfection pass rate,packaging pass rate,sterilization pass rate,and department satisfaction score in the observation group were all higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing a refined quality control management model in the sterilization supply center can improve the quality management level of medical devices and department satisfaction and is worthy of promotion.

Gentiana macrophylla Pall.:a review of the basic source,traditional use,chemical components,pharmacological activities and quality control

Gentiana macrophylla Pall.(G.macrophylla),whose genus and family belong to the Gentianaceae and Gentiana.The main distribution centers of G.macrophylla resources were the Loess Plateau and the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China.G.macrophylla,as a traditional medicine,has a long history and was used in different ethnic medicines.Its roots were used in traditional Chinese medicine,which had the effect of anti-inflammatory,anti-rheumatism,antiviral,promote blood circulation,eliminate swelling and pain,while its flowers were used in traditional Mongolian medicine,which had the effect of removing“Xieriwusu”(“Xieriwusu”means rheumatism),antiviral,reducing swelling.From previous studies,it could be found that there were more than forty components isolated and identified from G.macrophylla.The main chemical components were iridoids,flavonoids,triterpenoids,steroids,phenylpropanoids,and alkaloids.Iridoid terpenoid components represented by gentiopicroside and Loganic acid were the main components of the root of G.macrophylla,which had anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,hepatoprotective,analgesic,antibacterial and promote gastrointestinal tract activities.The flower mainly contains isoorientin and isovitexin as the representative of flavonoids.They have anti-tumor,liver protection,heart protection,inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and inhibition of melanin.It could be seen from previous studies that the research on G.macrophylla was mainly focused on the root,and the flower was rarely studied.It was reported that the experimental data of the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of G.macrophylla flowers show that its curative effect was very good.Therefore,the flowers of the flower of G.macrophylla can be used as potential medicinal parts for research.Given that flavonoids are mostly found in flowers and exhibit a range of functions,it is possible to investigate the flowers in order to learn more about G.macrophylla’s potential medical benefits.Based on botanical books,Chinese classic texts,medical monographs and academic search engines(Google,Google Scholar,Web of Science,SciFinder,Pubmed,CNKI,Sci-hub,Elsevier and Wanfang),the data and information on G.macrophylla in the past 20 years are inquired and summarized comprehensively.The basic source,traditional use,chemical composition,biological activity,pharmacodynamics and quality control of G.macrophylla was systematically reviewed,in order to provide reliable basis for the subsequent development and utilization of G.macrophylla.

Research on the Application of Evidence-Based Quality Control Circle to Improve the Implementation Rate of Airway Management Measures in Adult Critically Ill Patients

Objective: To explore the effect of evidence-based quality control circle (QCC) in improving the implementation rate of airway management measures in adult critically ill patients. Methods: Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evidence-based health care model, the best evidence of airway management in adult critically ill patients was obtained and applied to the clinic. Results: The total implementation rate of airway management measures in adult critically ill patients increased from 23.62% before the implementation of quality control circle to 88.82%, and the pulmonary infection rate in critically ill patients decreased from 42.31% to 21.74%, with statistical significance between the two groups (P 0.05). Conclusion: Evidence-based quality control circle activities can standardize the practice standards of airway management in critically ill patients, reduce the occurrence of patients’ airway related complications, and improve clinical outcomes.

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of Monetary Capital Internal Control in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)constitute the primary drivers of production within the nation’s existing enterprise landscape.They represent the most dynamic segment of the national economy and play a pivotal role in supporting economic growth,fostering employment,and enhancing people’s livelihoods.However,despite their significant and extensive organizational structures,only a fraction of these companies have established internal control systems,and even fewer possess robust ones.Building upon this premise and considering the prevailing circumstances of SMEs,this paper undertakes an empirical analysis of monetary fund management within this sector.It delves into the operational intricacies,exploring how monetary funds should be effectively implemented to ensure their safety and integrity.Furthermore,it proposes viable strategies to enhance the circulation efficiency of monetary funds,thereby maximizing benefits for enterprises.Addressing these challenges is crucial for SME managers striving to achieve sustainable profit growth and navigate the complexities of financial management.

A Study on the Internal Control and Countermeasures of Fixed Assets in Private Universities:A Case Study of N College

Fixed assets in universities occupy an important position in university management due to their wide coverage and large amount of money.Due to insufficient funding supply,private universities mainly focus on the allocation and utilization of fixed assets,which reflects the overall characteristics of cautious allocation,maximum utilization,and delayed elimination in the actual management of fixed assets.This article aims to conduct research and analysis on the entire lifecycle process of the allocation,use,and disposal of fixed assets in private universities,summarize the problems existing in the internal control of fixed assets in private universities,and propose corresponding countermeasures and suggestions in a targeted manner.

An improved wind quality control for the China-France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT) scatterometer

Quality control(QC)is an essential procedure in scatterometer wind retrieval,which is used to distinguish good-quality data from poor-quality wind vector cells(WVCs)for the sake of wind applications.The current wind processor of the China-France Oceanography Satellite(CFOSAT)scatterometer(CSCAT)adopts a maximum likelihood estimator(MLE)-based QC method to filter WVCs affected by geophysical noise,such as rainfall and wind variability.As the first Ku-band rotating fan-beam scatterometer,CSCAT can acquire up to 16 observations over a single WVC,giving abundant information with diverse incidence/azimuth angles,as such its MLE statistical characteristics may be different from the previous scatterometers.In this study,several QC indicators,including MLE,its spatially averaged value(MLE_(m)),and the singularity exponents(SE),are analyzed using the collocated Global Precipitation Mission rainfall data as well as buoy data,to compare their sensitivity to rainfall and wind quality.The results show that wind error characteristics of CSCAT under different QC methods are similar to those of other Ku-band scatterometers,i.e.,SE is more suitable than other parameters for the wind QC at outer-swath and nadir regions,while MLE_(m) is the best QC indicator for the sweet region WVCs.Specifically,SE is much more favorable than others at high wind speeds.By combining different indicators,an improved QC method is developed for CSCAT.The validation with the collocated buoy data shows that it accepts more WVCs,and in turn,improves the quality control of CSCAT wind data.

Spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their trade-offs and synergies against the background of the gully control and land consolidation project on the Loess Plateau,China

Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implications for ecological protection and quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,in this study,we took Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province of China,as the study area,selected four typical ecosystem services,including soil conservation service,water yield service,carbon storage service,and habitat quality service,and quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services from 2010 to 2018 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.We also analysed the relationship between the GCLC project and regional ecosystem service changes in various regions(including 1 city,2 districts,and 10 counties)of Yan'an City and proposed a coordinated development strategy between the GCLC project and the ecological environment.The results showed that,from 2010 to 2018,soil conservation service decreased by 7.76%,while the other three ecosystem services changed relatively little,with water yield service increasing by 0.56% and carbon storage service and habitat quality service decreasing by 0.16% and 0.14%,respectively.The ecological environment of Yan'an City developed in a balanced way between 2010 and 2018,and the four ecosystem services showed synergistic relationships,among which the synergistic relationships between soil conservation service and water yield service and between carbon storage service and habitat quality service were significant.The GCLC project had a negative impact on the ecosystem services of Yan'an City,and the impact on carbon storage service was more significant.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of the ecological benefits of the GCLC project and the realization of a win-win situation between food security and ecological security.

Analysis of the Effect of Quality Control Circle on the Central Sterile Supply Department

Objective:To analyze the effect of quality control circle on the central sterile supply department(CSSD).Methods:The control group and the observation group each consisted of 180 instruments received by the sterilization supply center from January to March 2023 and 11 CSSD staff.The control group underwent routine management while quality control circle was implemented in the observation group.The quality of work,disinfection and sterilization qualification rates,disinfection and sterilization of various instruments,cleaning indicators,and management satisfaction of both groups were compared.Results:The observation group scored higher in terms of work quality,the qualification rate of disinfection and sterilization in each link,the disinfection and sterilization of instruments,and cleaning indicators compared to the control group.Besides,the management satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:A quality control circle ensures the quality of work,improves the cleaning,disinfection,and sterilization of instruments of the CSSD,and improves the management satisfaction of the CSSD staff.

Construction of a New Model of Contactless Medical Services for Outpatients Based on the Project-Achieving Quality Control Circle

Objective: To carry out empirical research on the role of project-achieving quality control circle (QCC) in constructing a new model of contactless medical service for outpatients. Methods: A QCC, consisting of information office members from a grade A tertiary hospital in Wenzhou, was established to conduct a research project with the theme “Constructing a new model of contactless medical service based on outpatients’ experience.” According to the ten steps and PDCA cycle, an analysis was carried out before and after the QCC activities, focusing on improving pre-consultation services, providing steward-like services, and facilitating post-consultation management. Results: After the QCC activities, the mobile appointment rate, missed appointment rate, the proportion of smart check-ins, and the average check-in time were 55.68%, 4.02%, 39.75%, and 8.24 ± 3.66 min, respectively;in contrast, before the activities, they were 32.00%, 7.88%, 0.00%, and 14.96 ± 4.98 min, respectively;the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 3480.112, 4994.496;Fisher’s exact probability = 963788.570;t = 5.323, P < 0.001). Many experts have also visited the hospital to learn about this system, thus rendering social and economic benefits. Conclusion: Project-achieving QCC activities are suitable for complex situations, such as constructing a new model of contactless medical service, and can significantly improve outpatient service quality, enhance patients’ experience, and improve the abilities of circle members.

Establishment of Characteristic Chromatogram of Honeysuckle Stem Formula Granules Based on the Concept of Whole Process Quality Control

[Objectives]To establish a HPLC characteristic spectrum of honeysuckle stem formula granules,and to evaluate the quality consistency based on the standard decoction.[Methods]Using Agilent ZORBAX SB-C_(18)(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm)chromatographic column;gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.4%phosphoric acid solution(0.2:99.8,V/V),column temperature at 25℃;detection wavelength at 236 nm;flow rate 1.0 mL/min;using"Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine",to evaluate the similarity of the characteristic chromatogram of crude drug,standard decoction and formula granules of honeysuckle stem.[Results]The similarity of characteristic chromatogram was higher than 0.94,and 6 components were identified from 10 characteristic peaks.[Conclusions]The established method can more comprehensively reflect the overall appearance of the chemical substances in the honeysuckle stem and the transmission law,and can provide an experimental basis for the consistency of the quality of the honeysuckle stem formula granules.

The Construction and Implementation Path of the Audit System for Quality Control in the Big Data Era

In the era of big data,the construction and implementation of a quality control audit system are particularly crucial.This article delves into the impact of big data technology on quality control auditing,establishes a quality control auditing system in the big data era,and elucidates the pathway to realizing this system.Through the application of big data technology to quality control audits,there is an enhancement in audit efficiency,the attainment of more accurate risk assessment,and the provision of robust support for the sustainable development of enterprises.

The pathogenic mechanism of TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).

Deep learning models semi-automatic training system for quality control of transthoracic echocardiography

Objective To explore the value of deep learning(DL)models semi-automatic training system for automatic optimization of clinical image quality control of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE).Methods Totally 1250 TTE videos from 402 patients were retrospectively collected,including 490 apical four chamber(A4C),310 parasternal long axis view of left ventricle(PLAX)and 450 parasternal short axis view of great vessel(PSAX GV).The videos were divided into development set(245 A4C,155 PLAX,225 PSAX GV),semi-automated training set(98 A4C,62 PLAX,90 PSAX GV)and test set(147 A4C,93 PLAX,135 PSAX GV)at the ratio of 5∶2∶3.Based on development set and semi-automatic training set,DL model of quality control was semi-automatically iteratively optimized,and a semi-automatic training system was constructed,then the efficacy of DL models for recognizing TTE views and assessing imaging quality of TTE were verified in test set.Results After optimization,the overall accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score of DL models for recognizing TTE views in test set improved from 97.33%,97.26%,97.26%and 97.26%to 99.73%,99.65%,99.77%and 99.71%,respectively,while the overall accuracy for assessing A4C,PLAX and PSAX GV TTE as standard views in test set improved from 89.12%,83.87%and 90.37%to 93.20%,90.32%and 93.33%,respectively.Conclusion The developed DL models semi-automatic training system could improve the efficiency of clinical imaging quality control of TTE and increase iteration speed.

Internal phase control of fiber laser array based on photodetector array

Coherent beam combining(CBC) of fiber laser array is a promising technique to realize high output power while maintaining near diffraction-limited beam quality. To implement CBC, an appropriate phase control feedback structure should be established to realize phase-locking. In this paper, an innovative internal active phase control CBC fiber laser array based on photodetector array is proposed. The dynamic phase noises of the laser amplifiers are compensated before being emitted into free space. And the static phase difference compensation of emitting laser array is realized by interference measurement based on photodetector array. The principle of the technique is illustrated and corresponding simulations are carried out, and a CBC system with four laser channels is built to verify the technique. When the phase controllers are turned on, the phase deviation of the laser array is less than λ/20, and ~ 95% fringe contrast of the irradiation distribution is obtained. The technique proposed in this paper could provide a reference for the system design of a massive high-power CBC system.

Data Quality Control Method of a New Drifting Observation Technology Named Drifting Air-Sea Interface Buoy

An integral quality control(QC)procedure that integrates various QC methods and considers the design indexes and operational status of the instruments for the observations of drifting air-sea interface buoy was developed in the order of basic in-spection followed by targeted QC.The innovative method of combining a moving Hampel filter and local anomaly detection com-plies with statistical laws and physical processes,which guarantees the QC performance of meteorological variables.Two sets of observation data were used to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the QC procedure,and the effect was evaluated using the observations of the Kuroshio Extension Observatory buoy as the reference.The results showed that the outliers in the time series can be correctly identified and processed,and the quality of data improved significantly.The linear correlation between the quality-controlled observations and the reference increased,and the difference decreased.The correlation coefficient of wind speed before and after QC increased from 0.77 to 0.82,and the maximum absolute error decreased by approximately 2.8ms^(-1).In addition,air pressure and relative humidity were optimized by 10^(-3)–10^(-2) orders of magnitude.For the sea surface temperature,the weight of coefficients of the continuity test algorithm was optimized based on the sea area of data acquisition,which effectively expanded the applicability of the algorithm.

Basic regulatory science behind drug substance and drug product specifications of monoclonal antibodies and other protein therapeutics

In this review,we focus on providing basics and examples for each component of the protein therapeutic specifications to interested pharmacists and biopharmaceutical scientists with a goal to strengthen understanding in regulatory science and compliance.Pharmaceutical specifications comprise a list of important quality attributes for testing,references to use for test procedures,and appropriate acceptance criteria for the tests,and they are set up to ensure that when a drug product is administered to a patient,its intended therapeutic benefits and safety can be rendered appropriately.Conformance of drug substance or drug product to the specifications is achieved by testing an article according to the listed tests and analytical methods and obtaining test results that meet the acceptance criteria.Quality attributes are chosen to be tested based on their quality risk,and consideration should be given to the merit of the analytical methods which are associated with the acceptance criteria of the specifications.Acceptance criteria are set forth primarily based on efficacy and safety profiles,with an increasing attention noted for patient-centric specifications.Discussed in this work are related guidelines that support the biopharmaceutical specification setting,how to set the acceptance criteria,and examples of the quality attributes and the analytical methods from 60 articles and 23 pharmacopeial monographs.Outlooks are also explored on process analytical technologies and other orthogonal tools which are on-trend in biopharmaceutical characterization and quality control.

Application of Sigma Metric Analysis to Evaluate the Performance of the Biochemistry Analytical System in a Medical Biology Laboratory in Côte d’Ivoire

Introduction: The Six Sigma methodology is an opportunity for a better understanding of the performance of analytical methods and for a better adaptation of the quality control management policy of the medical biology laboratory. Using the sigma metric, this study assessed the performance of the Biochemistry analytical system of a medical biology laboratory in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: Six Sigma methodology was applied to 3 analytes (alanine aminotransferase, glucose and creatinine). Performance indicators such as measurement imprecision and bias were determined based on the results of internal and external quality controls. The sigma number was calculated using the total allowable error values proposed by Ricos et al. Results: For both control levels, ALT had a sigma number greater than 6 (7.6 for normal control and 7.9 for pathological control). However, low sigma numbers, less than or equal to 2 for creatinine (1.4 for normal control and 2 for pathological control) and less than 1 for glucose were found. Conclusion: This study revealed good analytical performance of ALT from the point of view of 6 sigma analysis. However, modifications to the overall quality control procedure for glucose and creatinine are needed to improve their analytical performance. The study should be extended to the entire laboratory’s analytes in order to modify the strategies of quality control procedures based on metric analysis for an overall improvement in analytical performance.

Internal Control Management and Risk Prevention Measures of State-Owned Enterprises

As an important pillar of national economic development,state-owned enterprises,their operational efficiency,and risk management ability are directly related to the stability and security of the national economy.As an important part of enterprise management,internal control management plays an irreplaceable role.Especially in the current domestic and international economic situation is complex and changeable,market competition is increasingly fierce environment,to strengthen the internal control management of state-owned enterprises and risk prevention measures is particularly important.This paper starts with the importance of internal control management and risk prevention for state-owned enterprises,and analyzes the problems and strategies in the internal control management and risk prevention of state-owned enterprises,in order to build a more comprehensive and efficient risk management system for state-owned enterprises to adapt to the ever-changing market environment and realize sustainable development.