Few students of revolutionary America would fail to notice that the"two Toms"of the American Revolution,Thomas Jefferson and"Mr.Common Sense"Thomas Paine,remained strikingly similar to each other,s...Few students of revolutionary America would fail to notice that the"two Toms"of the American Revolution,Thomas Jefferson and"Mr.Common Sense"Thomas Paine,remained strikingly similar to each other,sharing similarities in terms of their views on liberty and equality.But if the two Toms were indeed similar to each other ideologically,it seems impossible to reconcile their disparate stances towards people of color,women the lower tier of the social hierarchy.Further,if Jefferson and Paine embraced the same ideals,why was Paine so neglected and marginalized in the United States,rendered as a lunatic vagabond,madman of insanity,alcoholic aesthetic,pest of society,ruffian of ingratitude and a fool of psychic disorders,whereas Jefferson,the"Monticello sage,"became increasingly apotheosized and deified in the American national pantheon?This paper unfolds Paine and Jefferson's nuanced,discrepant ideological differences in terms of race,class and gender,from a domestic perspective.It argues that not only were the two Toms ideologically dissimilar,but also Paine was fighting against the patriarchal order that Jefferson embraced.展开更多
This article examines the similarities between Song of Youth and The Best of Everything, coming-of-age novels published in China and the United States in 1958. The author finds that comparable narrative structures rev...This article examines the similarities between Song of Youth and The Best of Everything, coming-of-age novels published in China and the United States in 1958. The author finds that comparable narrative structures reveal parallels in two societies that are often viewed in stark contrast. In both novels, a feminist ideal of sisterhood is woven into the coming-of age stories of young women moving into society, and in each novel, the social background of the times determines the degree to which mainstream values are conducive to imagining a public sphere that is welcoming to women.展开更多
Many of the founding fathers were greatly influenced by the classical republicanism. They adhered to the ethical norms based on the public virtues advocated in the Renaissance Era, constantly watched out the corruptio...Many of the founding fathers were greatly influenced by the classical republicanism. They adhered to the ethical norms based on the public virtues advocated in the Renaissance Era, constantly watched out the corruption from power and strove to avoid excessive expansion of wealth which might bring about the disintegration of social cohesion. Therefore, they laid emphasis on the importance of the public virtues in the development of this newly independent country. However, their classical republic ideas were obviously incompatible with the trend of American development after independence. Thus many of them experienced a course of gradual identification with modern industrial civilization. As a result, this identification promoted the United States to march toward a society of commerce and industry in great stride.展开更多
William James challenged the traditions of British Empiricism （Hume） on one hand and German Idealism （Kant and Hegel） on the other. James＇ ＂Radical Empiricism＂ is a via media （＂middle road＂） between these d...William James challenged the traditions of British Empiricism （Hume） on one hand and German Idealism （Kant and Hegel） on the other. James＇ ＂Radical Empiricism＂ is a via media （＂middle road＂） between these divergent positions. His central points of contention are the ontological status of relationships and the correct analysis of experience. British Empiricism leaves us with a world of separate, particular facts, based on atomic sense impressions. Idealists, on the other hand, claim that all worldly phenomena are conjoined by one rational principle. According to James＇ account, neither side recognizes that both conjunctive and disjunctive relations are integral to experience. Furthermore, James＇ critique proved to influence A. N. Whitehead＇s philosophy of experience and orientation toward Hume and Kant. This essay situates James＇ philosophy in this polemical and historical context.展开更多
基金supported by Central University Basic Research Project(Grant ID.32063243017)and the National Social Science Fund of China(Project No.18ZADA211).
文摘Few students of revolutionary America would fail to notice that the"two Toms"of the American Revolution,Thomas Jefferson and"Mr.Common Sense"Thomas Paine,remained strikingly similar to each other,sharing similarities in terms of their views on liberty and equality.But if the two Toms were indeed similar to each other ideologically,it seems impossible to reconcile their disparate stances towards people of color,women the lower tier of the social hierarchy.Further,if Jefferson and Paine embraced the same ideals,why was Paine so neglected and marginalized in the United States,rendered as a lunatic vagabond,madman of insanity,alcoholic aesthetic,pest of society,ruffian of ingratitude and a fool of psychic disorders,whereas Jefferson,the"Monticello sage,"became increasingly apotheosized and deified in the American national pantheon?This paper unfolds Paine and Jefferson's nuanced,discrepant ideological differences in terms of race,class and gender,from a domestic perspective.It argues that not only were the two Toms ideologically dissimilar,but also Paine was fighting against the patriarchal order that Jefferson embraced.
文摘This article examines the similarities between Song of Youth and The Best of Everything, coming-of-age novels published in China and the United States in 1958. The author finds that comparable narrative structures reveal parallels in two societies that are often viewed in stark contrast. In both novels, a feminist ideal of sisterhood is woven into the coming-of age stories of young women moving into society, and in each novel, the social background of the times determines the degree to which mainstream values are conducive to imagining a public sphere that is welcoming to women.
文摘Many of the founding fathers were greatly influenced by the classical republicanism. They adhered to the ethical norms based on the public virtues advocated in the Renaissance Era, constantly watched out the corruption from power and strove to avoid excessive expansion of wealth which might bring about the disintegration of social cohesion. Therefore, they laid emphasis on the importance of the public virtues in the development of this newly independent country. However, their classical republic ideas were obviously incompatible with the trend of American development after independence. Thus many of them experienced a course of gradual identification with modern industrial civilization. As a result, this identification promoted the United States to march toward a society of commerce and industry in great stride.
文摘William James challenged the traditions of British Empiricism （Hume） on one hand and German Idealism （Kant and Hegel） on the other. James＇ ＂Radical Empiricism＂ is a via media （＂middle road＂） between these divergent positions. His central points of contention are the ontological status of relationships and the correct analysis of experience. British Empiricism leaves us with a world of separate, particular facts, based on atomic sense impressions. Idealists, on the other hand, claim that all worldly phenomena are conjoined by one rational principle. According to James＇ account, neither side recognizes that both conjunctive and disjunctive relations are integral to experience. Furthermore, James＇ critique proved to influence A. N. Whitehead＇s philosophy of experience and orientation toward Hume and Kant. This essay situates James＇ philosophy in this polemical and historical context.
