Working Capital Management and Firms’ Profitability: Evidence from Quoted Firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange

Over the years, it appeared that firms failed to subject short-term investments to proper management thereby leading to either excessive or inadequate working capital which in turn affected their profitability. To empirically satisfy this, this paper examined working capital management and firms’ profitability in Nigeria quoted firms on Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). A panel data methodology was used with different regression estimators to analyze this relationship based on a balanced panel of 10 listed firms during the period 2008-2017. It was discovered that cash collection period and cash payment period exerted a negative impact on return on assets, though the impact was only significant for cash payment period on the ground of −0.064 (p = 0.000 −0.032 (p = 0.077 > 0.05). Also discovered was that both the current ratio and inventory period exerted a positive impact on return on assets, though the impact was only significant for current ratio on the ground of 8.172 (p = 0.000 0.05). The study concluded that working capital management affected firms’ profitability in Nigeria. Therefore it was recommended that while the shorter collection was maintained, payment to creditors should not be elongated so as to enjoy cash discount (if any) and that firms should be proactive in the management of raw materials in order to avoid idle resources that might negatively impact their financial performance.

Analysis of the interest rate marketization risk of local banks in Henan Province --Taking four joint stock commercial banks as an example

With the accelerating process of interest rate marketization, the local banks in Henan Province face a greater risk of interest rate marketization, managing risk effectively can promote the development of local banks in Henan Province and the economic development of Henan Province. This paper analyzes the present situation of management of interest rate marketization in Henan Province, then puts forward some suggestions, such as promoting the development of intermediate business; promoting the product innovation; strengthening the management of assets and liabilities, improving the quality of employees, strengthening the management of non-performing loans, and etc.

Factors Affecting Financial Performance of Tourism Destination Firms Listed on Stock Exchanges in China

Purpose:the aim of this research is to test the effect of financial ratio on the financial performance of tourism destination firms listed on stock exchange in China.The research selected ratios:current ratio(CR)as a dimension of liquidity,total asset turnover ratio(TATR)as a dimension of asset utilization,debt ratio(DE)as a dimension of leverage,natural logarithm of total asset(LNTA)as a dimension of firm size,GDP growth rate as a dimension of economic prosperity,and effective tax rate as a dimension of effective tax.This research will use return on asset(ROA),return on sales(ROS),return on equity(ROE)and sales growth(SG)to determine the financial performance.Since stock exchange founded in China,tourism destination firm developed very fast.However tourism destination listed firms have weakness financial performance.Design/methodology/approach:the research data collected from quarterly financial report,from 2012 Q1 to 2018 Q4.The secondary data has been analyzed by multiple regression.Finding:the result indicate that CR,TATR,GDP growth rate have positive impact on financial performance.While DE has negative impact on financial performance.And LNTA has a mix result with financial performance.Originality/value:This study led to the effect of financial ratios on tourism's financial performance since past researches with this aim were difficult to identify and certain references were not specifically linked to the topic.

Timberland Investing and Private Property Rights in the United States of America

Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.

基于Heston随机波动率模型和风险偏好视角的资产负债管理

本文研究基于Heston随机波动率模型的资产负债管理问题。假设金融市场由一个无风险资产和一个风险资产构成,投资者的目标是最大化其终端财富的期望效用。应用随机控制方法,得到了该问题最优资产配置策略的解析表达式和相应值函数的解析解,通过数值算例分析了Heston模型主要参数以及债务对最优资产配置策略的影响。结果表明:配置到风险资产的比例对Heston模型中的参数非常敏感;为了对冲债务风险,负债的引入使得配置到风险资产的比例比无负债情形下的高;在风险厌恶系数变大时,无论投资者是否有负债,其投资到风险资产的比例则越来越低。

基于Tobit回归的融资决策影响因素分析

运用中国上市公司1990～2009年的有关数据,采用Tobit回归模型分析了中国A股上市公司融资决策的影响因素。结果表明融资决策(资产负债率)与实际所得税率正相关;公司规模与资产负债率正相关,而资产担保价值、获利能力和成长性与资产负债率负相关,这一结果与发达国家和其他新型国家的发现相一致。

Heston随机波动率模型下的资产负债管理问题

应用随机最优控制方法研究Heston随机波动率模型下带有负债过程的动态投资组合问题,其中假设股票价格服从Heston随机波动率模型,负债过程由带漂移的布朗运动所驱动.金融市场由一种无风险资产和一种风险资产组成.应用随机动态规划原理和变量替换法得出了上述问题在幂效用和指数效用函数下最优投资策略的显示解,并给出数值算例分别分析了市场参数在幂效用和指数效用函数下对最优投资策略的影响.

Evaluation of Deposit Insurance Fund Adequacy Using Credit Risk Model--An Indian Experience

There are two methods widely used for evaluating the adequacy of Deposit Insurance Fund： （i） Target Reserve Ratio and （ii） Credit Risk Model. Target Reserve Ratio is one of the macro level indicators more often set by Regulatory act on the basis of minimum Deposit Insurance Fund margin safety, Target Reserve Ratio is calculated as the ratio of Deposit Insurance Fund to the value of insured deposits. However, TRR does not take into consideration the level of Deposit Insurance potential liability, the Loss at Given Default （LGD） and the historical trend of default rate prevailing among the insured banks. It does not also consider the present condition of the economy and current scenario of the banking sector. This paper discusses primarily about development of Credit Risk Model for evaluating the Deposit Insurance Fund Adequacy. For this purpose, Econometric Credit Risk Model was developed based on the historical data of bank failures and the associated losses of the last 25 years from 1990-91 to 2014-15. The model assesses various possible factors impacting the Deposit Insurance Fund： Default rate, Deposit growth, Exposures, impact of macro-economic factors like GDP, GDS, Inflation and Interest rate changes, etc. on the Deposit Insurance Fund through econometric modeling. The model evaluates the adequacy of Deposit Insurance Fund under both （i） Normal scenarios where there is no （economic） systemic risk assumed and （ii） Worst case scenario at 1% level of significance using Monte Carlo Simulation. Since the model empirically validates all the critical factors impacting the assets and liabilities associated with Loss at Given Default, the model output can also be used to determine a suitable Target Reserve Ratio and such models are being used in countries like USA, Canada, Hong Kong, and Singapore, etc. （IADI, 2009）. More importantly, the model outputs are quite useful in determining the adequacy of deposit insurance fund which is an effective risk control measure that organization like Deposit Insurance Credit Guarantee Corporation （DICGC） can adopt both under normal economic scenario as well as worst case scenario, ensuring a strong financial safety net for the banking sector in India. The model also assesses the default probability and the Loss at Given Default of different types of banks： commercial banks, rural banks, cooperative banks, foreign banks, etc. A risk based on premium can possibly be determined for each type of banks in India.

Fuzzy Varying Coefficient Bilinear Regression of Yield Series

We construct a fuzzy varying coefficient bilinear regression model to deal with the interval financial data and then adopt the least-squares method based on symmetric fuzzy number space. Firstly, we propose a varying coefficient model on the basis of the fuzzy bilinear regression model. Secondly, we develop the least-squares method according to the complete distance between fuzzy numbers to estimate the coefficients and test the adaptability of the proposed model by means of generalized likelihood ratio test with SSE composite index. Finally, mean square errors and mean absolutely errors are employed to evaluate and compare the fitting of fuzzy auto regression, fuzzy bilinear regression and fuzzy varying coefficient bilinear regression models, and also the forecasting of three models. Empirical analysis turns out that the proposed model has good fitting and forecasting accuracy with regard to other regression models for the capital market.

Analysis of Solvency of A-Share Listed Companies in China’s Real Estate Industry

The real estate industry is a capital-intensive industry and capital has become a particular concern for real estate enterprises.For a long time,China’s real estate enterprises rely on high-leverage development and carry out high-debt and high-risk operations.The solvency of real estate enterprises has been the focus of stakeholders’attention.In August 2020,China’s regulatory authorities introduced new financing regulations for real estate enterprises.They set up“three red lines,”which brought real estate enterprises’solvency into focus once again.This article takes A-share listed companies in China’s real estate industry as an example,analyzes and evaluates its debt solvency,and gives suggestions based on new policies and regulations,hoping to provide specific references to the enterpriser’s manager and external decision-makers.

数字基础设施建设能否缓解农村家庭金融脆弱性?——“宽带中国”示范城市的政策效应分析

农村家庭在信息获取上的劣势是其金融脆弱性比城市家庭更高的原因之一,数字基础设施的完善能够有效缓解农村家庭面临的信息约束与信息劣势,从而可以通过增加家庭收入和优化家庭资产负债配置来缓解农村家庭的金融脆弱性。采用中国家庭追踪调查2010—2018年的5期数据,运用多期双重差分模型进行政策效应分析,结果表明,“宽带中国”示范城市建设显著降低了农村家庭的金融脆弱性;机制分析发现,数字基础设施建设可以提高农村居民非农就业和购买商业保险的概率,并提高农村家庭的非农就业收入和保险参与度,即数字基础设施建设可以通过促进非农就业和保险参与两条路径来缓解农村家庭金融脆弱性;异质性分析结果显示,数字基础设施建设对户主为男性、户主未婚、平均文化程度较低、收入水平较低的农村家庭具有更为显著的金融脆弱性缓解作用。因此,应加强农村地区数字基础设施建设,并充分发挥“数字下乡”促进农民非农就业和保险参与的积极作用,有效缓解农村家庭金融脆弱性。

广西公立医院负债情况分析

目的:分析广西公立医院负债情况及成因,为促进医院高质量发展提供参考。方法:基于2019—2022年384家公立医院财务年报数据,采用Excel软件进行统计分析。结果:2019—2022年广西公立医院资产和负债规模持续上升,负债增长速度快于资产,资产构成以非流动资产为主,负债以流动负债为主;资产负债率持续上升并接近50%的警界线,流动比率偏低;规模扩张过快、医疗服务价格调整滞后和财政投入不足是导致公立医院债务负担加重的主要原因。结论:广西公立医院资产与负债结构失调,医疗亏损持续扩大,存在债务风险,应严禁医院举债建设,优化医疗资源规划布局,完善财政补助政策,建立医疗服务价格动态调整机制,提高医院运营管理水平。

“双碳”目标下油气行业固定资产投资对碳排放的影响研究

为了厘清油气行业固定资产投资与碳排放之间的关系,本文将2002—2021年我国油气行业面板数据作为研究样本,通过构建固定效应模型实证研究了油气行业固定资产投资对碳排放的影响作用,并采用中介效应模型,运用逐步回归方法验证了油气行业固定资产投资、人均研发投入与碳排放之间的作用关系及其影响机制。研究结果表明:1)油气行业固定资产投资显著降低了碳排放比值,其影响系数为-1.913,表明通过加大油气行业的固定资产投资能够显著降低该行业的二氧化碳排放。本文在运用替换被解释变量、替换解释变量,以及增加控制变量等方法开展进一步回归分析后发现,上述检验结果依然稳健。2)人均研发投入在固定资产投资与碳排放比值之间发挥着部分中介作用,其中介效应值为24.7%。此外,油气行业的固定资产投资还显著降低了人均研发投入,而人均研发投入通过推动绿色技术创新则可以有效抑制碳排放比值。3)油气行业固定资产投资对碳排放的影响作用是短期的且影响系数较小,对主营业务收入的影响作用是长期的且影响系数较大。4)在我国油气行业的稳定增长时期与转型升级时期之内,固定资产投资对碳排放比值的影响作用具有明显的差异性。异质性检验结果表明,在油气行业的稳定增长期内,固定资产投资与碳排放比值之间并无显著的相关关系,而在油气行业的转型升级期内,固定资产投资则显著抑制了碳排放比值。

数字普惠金融对商业银行信用风险的影响——基于存款和贷款结构的联合视角

目前国际和国内的金融经济基本面发生了重大变化,数字普惠金融已经成为影响商业银行信用风险的重要因素。从数字普惠金融角度,基于存款和贷款结构的联合视角,选取2011—2021年中国52家上市商业银行的年度数据,考察了数字普惠金融对于商业银行信用风险的影响及其作用。研究结果表明:数字普惠金融会削弱商业银行的中介职能,进而显著增加商业银行的信用风险,且在股权和产业结构下存在异质性特征;数字普惠金融会恶化商业银行存款和贷款结构,从而增大商业银行信用风险;数字普惠金融对于商业银行信用风险的提升作用会随着商业银行数字化转型程度的提高而减弱。因此,金融监管部门应当全面监管金融活动,鼓励商业银行进行数字化转型和差异化信用风险管理,以期推动商业银行健康发展。

气候政策不确定性与企业短债长用

构建企业层面的气候政策不确定性指数,基于中国2007—2022年上市公司数据,实证检验气候政策不确定性对企业短债长用的影响。研究发现,气候政策不确定性通过降低企业风险承担能力、债务管理能力以及外部绿色金融环境质量加剧企业短债长用的程度;异质性检验发现,在市场竞争越温和的地区和内部控制体系越严格、气候信息披露质量越高的企业,气候政策不确定性对企业短债长用的加剧程度有所缓解。此外,气候政策不确定性不仅加剧了企业短债长用,而且不利于企业的高质量成长并增加了股价崩盘风险。本文拓展了气候政策不确定性与企业投融资领域的相关研究,为新兴市场国家统筹协调气候政策与金融借贷政策提供了学理支持。

基层医疗卫生机构经济运行状况分析

目的调查我国基层医疗卫生机构经济运行情况,分析不同类型及经济发展水平地区基层医疗卫生机构资产、收入与费用现状及分布特征。方法研究设计“全国基层医疗卫生机构经济运行情况调查问卷”,用方便抽样的方法收集2019-2021年我国基层医疗卫生机构经济运行相关数据,利用描述性、相关性和比较分析方法对所得数据进行分析。结果2019-2021年,基层医疗卫生机构的财政拨款收入增速大于医疗收入增速,公共卫生费用和人员费用占总费用的比例均呈逐年增加趋势,收入增速小于费用增速;新冠疫情期间,资产负债率、资产收益率等指标出现小幅波动。结论基层医疗卫生机构的经济运行存在区域发展不平衡的现象,收入结构有待优化,正财务杠杆效应不明显,管理人员专业性有待提高。

自然资源资产负债核算:理论进展、实践困境与中国特色体系构建

自然资源资产负债核算的理论研究与实践探索自党的十八届三中全会以来一直受到党和国家的高度重视。囿于自然资源资产负债核算的复杂性以及学科交叉性的特点,当前国内外理论研究方面存在体系不健全、概念表述不清晰、核算逻辑不统一等问题;在实践应用上也存在缺乏科学和系统的理论指导、核算技术不规范以及功能定位不完整等困境。鉴于当前的理论进展与实践困境,文章结合中国全民所有自然资源的管理特点与SNA和SEEA,利用交叉学科技术创新,构建中国特色自然资源资产负债核算体系框架,以期为生态系统碳汇核算、生态补偿以及自然资源核算的国际比较提供参考。

我国城商行净息差与资产负债管理研究

近年来,受资产负债两端挤压影响,我国银行业净息差持续收窄,盈利能力承压,城商行受到的冲击尤为明显。2023年12月末城商行净息差已跌至1.57%,在各类银行机构中处于最低水平,“稳息差”已成为城商行资产负债管理的重点。系统梳理银行净息差的变化趋势和影响机理,运用面板数据模型检验17家上市城商行净息差变动的影响因素。结果显示:银行定价竞争力、资产负债结构、业务规模和资产质量等是影响城商行净息差变动的主要因素。为了“稳息差”,建议城商行从“提高资产配置效率、加强负债成本管理、完善利率自律管理、提升综合服务水平和强化金融科技赋能”等五方面着手,有效构筑净息差“护城河”,进一步提升服务实体经济的持续性和有效性。

基于能量传递效率的煤冲击倾向性评价指标

冲击地压与煤体能量的积聚和释放密切相关,能量传递是评价冲击倾向性的关键参数之一。通过构建能量源扰动条件下的能量传递模型,关联冲击能量指数与弹性能量指数,提出能量释放比例φ,基于传递过程中的能量耗散模型提出了能量传递效率β,建立了包含2种参数的冲击倾向性评价方法。对煤矿11个煤层分层进行冲击倾向性鉴定试验,引用79个煤矿分层的冲击倾向性鉴定结果进行可靠性验证。结果表明:能量释放比例φ具有冲击地压边界条件的意义;能量传递效率β与泊松比具有负相关性,取值范围可以由模型边界条件推导获得;能量传递指数η的计算结果,与冲击倾向性鉴定的结果具有较高的一致性(88.61%),能够反映煤体的冲击倾向性,并且可以成为“*”结果的评价依据,是一种适用于现有冲击倾向性评价体系的有效指标。

高质量发展背景下的证券公司资产负债管理探析

高质量资产负债管理是证券公司高质量发展的必然要求。随着资本市场改革进一步深化,证券行业业务日益呈现多元化、复杂化特点,资产负债管理需要更好实现安全性、流动性、盈利性协调发展。文章围绕加强证券公司资产负债管理,从资产端、负债端、资产负债期限结构、定价机制、风险防控等方面分析了资产负债管理的重点问题,提出了优化投融资组合布局和金融服务产品谱系、以推进体制机制创新提升体系能力、加快构建司库管理信息系统等对策建议。