Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes:From Theoretical Study to Production Practice

Direct regeneration method has been widely concerned by researchers in the field of battery recycling because of its advantages of in situ regeneration,short process and less pollutant emission.In this review,we firstly analyze the primary causes for the failure of three representative battery cathodes(lithium iron phosphate,layered lithium transition metal oxide and lithium cobalt oxide),targeting at illustrating their underlying regeneration mecha-nism and applicability.Efficient stripping of material from the collector to obtain pure cathode material has become a first challenge in recycling,for which we report several pretreatment methods currently available for subsequent regeneration processes.We review and discuss emphatically the research progress of five direct regeneration methods,including solid-state sintering,hydrothermal,eutectic molten salt,electrochemical and chemical lithiation methods.Finally,the application of direct regeneration technology in production practice is introduced,the problems exposed at the early stage of the industrialization of direct regeneration technol-ogy are revealed,and the prospect of future large-scale commercial production is proposed.It is hoped that this review will give readers a comprehensive and basic understanding of direct regeneration methods for used lithium-ion batteries and promote the industrial application of direct regeneration technology.

An Analysis of the Main Reason and Solutions for the Failure of TEFL in Thailand

TEFL in Thailand is still not successful compared with other countries in Asia.On the basis of literature and study of the relevant official documents,the present paper makes an analysis on the reasons for the failure of TEFL in Thailand.It is revealed that the main reason for the failure of TEFL in Thailand is lack of qualified teachers.Some solutions to the failure of TEFL are also proposed in the paper.

Factors of Failure of Community Interventions of PMTCT Activities in Haut Katanga in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The objective of the study was to identify the failure factors of community interventions in terms of HIV activities in the province of Haut-Katanga during the year 2016. Materials and Methods: The study was phenomenological of the factors, carried out in Haut Katanga. All health facilities (FOSAs) having integrated the prevention of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child (PMTCT) were included in the study. The collection was carried out through individual semi-structured interviews with PMTCT focal points, mentor mothers and people living with HIV (PLWHA) cared for in some of these health facilities (FOSAs). The number of participants was determined by the saturation of responses. Nvivo v.11 software was used for the analyses. The data of each woman was handled confidentially. The authorization of the ethics committee of the University of Kinshasa ESP/CE091/2015, the free and written consent, was obtained before collecting the information. Results: It was observed the socio-cultural factors of success and failure of the interventions: the social fear generated by contradictory messages in the sensitization of the community;the lack of an obvious strategy for the involvement of the partner;the weak coordination of community care activities between the central office of the health zone;the FOSA and the community worker: low interest in community care evidenced by weak accountability of FOSAs, community and program providers in this regard;that relates to community activities;coordination of care between care units;overload of the staff in charge of activities within the health structure and their low motivation;the low communication time devoted to people living with HIV in the FOSAs. Conclusion: The study shows that interventions that can improve the quality and outcomes of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services can be directly linked to the program itself, as well as come from another or the community, which generally remains the weak link in which efforts are even less noticeable, at least as far as PMTCT is concerned. Integrating care data for the mother-child couple improve the continuum of services between the different care units as well as the quality of data management.

The Successful Reintroduction of the White Stork(Ciconia ciconia)into the Alpine Rhine Valley between 1984 and 2018

This study demonstrates that a regionally extinct bird species belonging to the long-distance migrants can be reintroduced under the right circumstances.The article first describes the historic distribution of the white stork(Ciconia ciconia)prior to its disappearance from the Alpine Rhine Valley.Furthermore,the study examines the increase in actual population size between 1984 and 2018,mean reproductive success per breeding pair in the Rhine Valley between 2011 and 2018 and compares different types of breeding sites.Finally,the factors facilitating the successful reintroduction of the species are discussed.

Perspectives on “the biology of spinal cord regeneration success and failure”

In our recently co-authored Physiological Reviews manuscript entitled ＂The biology of regeneration failure and success after spinal cord injury＂ （Tran et al., 2018b）, we sought to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date de- scription of how the glial scar develops following spinal cord injury （SCI） to chronically inhibit axon regeneration.

On Willa Cather's Sense of Values and Philosophy of Life——After Reading The Sculptors' Funeral

What is success? How is success measured? Willa Cather provides us two sets of values.To some people, success is measured in terms of money. To some success means choosing one’s own life and realizing one’s own values. In the novel The Sculptor’s Funeral Cather portrays an artist, who breaks the bondage of the old environment, and becomes a successful sculptor. However, he is regarded as a failure by his local people because the values by which they judge success are not the same.

ON INFORMATION THEORY METHOD FOR RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SYSTEMS CONSISTING OF DIFFERENT SUCCESS FAILURE MODEL UNITS

Using the characteristic of addition of information quantity and the principle of equivalence of information quantity, this paper derives the general conversion formulae of the formation theory method conversion (synthesis) on the systems consisting of different success failure model units. According to the fundamental method of the unit reliability assessment, the general models of system reliability approximate lower limits are given. Finally, this paper analyses the application of the assessment method by examples, the assessment results are neither conservative nor radical and very satisfactory. The assessment method can be popularized to the systems which have fixed reliability structural models.

Research of Genetic Training Algorithm for Identifying Mechanical Failure Modes within the Framework of Case-Based Reasoning

The combination of case-based reasoning （CBR） and genetic algorithm （GA） is considered in the problem of failure mode identification in aeronautical component failure analysis. Several imple- mentation issues such as matching attributes selection, similarity measure calculation, weights learning and training evaluation policies are carefully studied. The testing applications illustrate that an accuracy of 74.67 % can be achieved with 75 balanced-distributed failure cases covering 3 failure modes, and that the resulting learning weight vector can be well applied to the other 2 failure modes, achieving 73.3 % of recognition accuracy. It is also proved that its popularizing capability is good to the recognition of even more mixed failure modes.

Empirical Analysis of Software Success Rate Forecasting During Requirement Engineering Processes

Forecasting on success or failure of software has become an interesting and,in fact,an essential task in the software development industry.In order to explore the latest data on successes and failures,this research focused on certain questions such as is early phase of the software development life cycle better than later phases in predicting software success and avoiding high rework?What human factors contribute to success or failure of a software?What software practices are used by the industry practitioners to achieve high quality of software in their day-to-day work?In order to conduct this empirical analysis a total of 104 practitioners were recruited to determine how human factors,misinterpretation,and miscommunication of requirements and decision-making processes play their roles in software success forecasting.We discussed a potential relationship between forecasting of software success or failure and the development processes.We noticed that experienced participants had more confidence in their practices and responded to the questionnaire in this empirical study,and they were more likely to rate software success forecasting linking to the development processes.Our analysis also shows that cognitive bias is the central human factor that negatively affects forecasting of software success rate.The results of this empirical study also validated that requirements’misinterpretation and miscommunication were themain causes behind software systems’failure.It has been seen that reliable,relevant,and trustworthy sources of information help in decision-making to predict software systems’success in the software industry.This empirical study highlights a need for other software practitioners to avoid such bias while working on software projects.Future investigation can be performed to identify the other human factors that may impact software systems’success.

Signals in equity‑based crowdfunding and risk of failure

This study investigates signal validity in equity-based crowdfunding by examining whether signals that increase crowd participation are associated with higher postoffering success.Post-offering success is measured as the probability of survival.We use a hand-collected data set of 88 campaigns with over 64,000 investments and 742 updates from a well-established and leading German equity-based crowdfunding platform,Companisto.We find that indicating that the chief executive officer holds a university degree and a higher number of business-related updates are associated with a lower risk of failure,which is in line with recent research on offering success.The number of updates on external certification,promotions,and the team is associated with a higher risk of failure.In contrast to recent findings on offering success,we find that the equity share offered is positively related to post-offering success,whereas a high number of large investments or updates on campaign development are accompanied by a higher probability of failure.Our results provide guidance for entrepreneurs and investors regarding which signals are worth sending or using.Furthermore,these results suggest that investors are partly using wrong signals and challenge the rationality and wisdom of the crowd.

Study on the main factors that contribute to the success or failure of strategic alliances

Strategic alliance is an effective way for enterprise to realize its development and to enhance its competitiveness; however, the success rate of strategic alliances is less than fifty percent. According to this problem, this paper makes systematic research on the factors that relevant to the failure or success of strategic alliance based on comprehensive analysis on internal and external motivation for the formation of strategic alliance, the purpose of which is to give some references and supports for successfully constructing the strategic alliance.

分阶段式呼吸肌训练对提高呼吸衰竭患者无创通气撤机成功率的影响

目的探究分阶段式呼吸肌训练对提高呼吸衰竭患者无创通气撤机成功率的影响。方法选取2020年1月—2022年12月在南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科(pulmonary and critical care medicine,PCCM)治疗的102例呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组51例。对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上实施分阶段式呼吸肌训练。分别于干预前和干预2周后比较2组患者撤机成功率、机械通气时间及呼吸肌力水平及氧合指数情况。结果干预2周后,观察组撤机成功率高于对照组,且机械通气时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,2组最大口腔吸气压(MIP)、最大口腔呼气压(MEP)及氧合指数均高于干预前,且观察组高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论分阶段式呼吸肌训练在临床护理中效果较好,可促进呼吸衰竭患者呼吸肌力恢复,改善膈肌功能,缩短机械通气时间,提高撤机成功率。

考虑多时间尺度信息的风力发电机滚动轴承故障预测

风电机组滚动轴承故障会造成风电机组长时间停机,为准确预测风电机组滚动轴承故障,提出一种考虑多时间尺度信息的风力发电机滚动轴承故障预测方法。首先,采用连续变分模式分解(successive variational mode decomposition,SVMD)自适应提取轴承健康数据温度多维特征;其次,将分解的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,IMFs)输入Informer模型提取多尺度时间信息训练,基于树状结构Parzen密度估计的非标准贝叶斯优化算法(tree structure Parzen density estimation,TPE)优化Informer模型超参数;然后,构建基于残差的故障指标,采用核密度估计(kernel density estimation,KDE)确定故障预警阈值;最后,将运行数据输入训练后的Informer模型进行故障预测。选取某风电场的风力发电机轴承温度数据进行故障预测,仿真结果表明,考虑多时间尺度信息的SVMD-TPE-Informer模型在发电机轴承温度预测上具有更高的预测精度和计算效率,所提方法在两个故障案例上分别能够提前15.5 h和10 h预测到故障,且不会出现误报现象,验证所提模型的有效性和稳定性。

447例ABO血型鉴定自动审核不通过原因分析及解决方法的探讨

目的分析477例ABO血型鉴定自动审核不通过的原因及其影响因素,初步建立相应的处理流程。方法依据并参考临床实验室定量检验结果的自动审核(WS/T 616-2018)的行标,制定了我室ABO血型鉴定的自动审核规则。收集2021年1月至2022年12月北京协和医院检验科ABO血型鉴定自动审核不通过的共计477患者的临床资料,分析ABO血型鉴定不通过的原因,结合患者的临床诊断特征,制定相应的处理流程。结果按原因分类:抗原所致为79例,其中抗原减弱或缺失为50例,亚型为29例;抗体所致为398例,其中血清抗体减弱/缺失为305例,冷凝集素(冷抗体)为23例/自身抗体为27例,红细胞同种抗体为43例。按患者所患疾病类型:肿瘤为94例占19.7%;血液病为59例占12.4%;免疫性疾病为43例占9%;内分泌疾病为25例占5.2%;妇科疾病及妊娠为72例占15.1%;其他疾病为184例占38.6%。结论在477例ABO血型鉴定自动审核不通过的原因中,以年龄变化导致的生理变化最为常见;此外不规则抗体、ABO亚型、抗原减弱也可造成此结果。在血型鉴定工作中,应综合考虑患者的情况,针对其原因选择相应辅助实验方法进行鉴定,以提高ABO血型的鉴定准确性,保证临床用血安全。

基于Reason模型的SIF-Q260型电子小肠镜故障原因分析

根据武汉大学中南医院内窥镜中心SIF-Q260型小肠镜故障率高且维修成本高的情况,应用Reason模型,从环境影响、不安全监督、不安全行为前兆及不安全行为4个层面分析造成SIF-Q260小肠镜故障的原因,针对各个层面故障原因,从定期培训以规范内窥镜的洗消及使用、设置专人管理内窥镜并定期对内窥镜使用洗消的规范性进行监督及评价、完善内窥镜监管系统3方面拟定改进措施,堵住系统“漏洞”,为内窥镜质量控制措施的制定提供依据,可预防和减少内窥镜故障的发生。

国际研发伙伴地理特征与创新成功和创新失败——“多多益善”还是“舍近求远”?

基于2015—2021年161家中国高技术产业企业的观测数据,以地理特征为核心,科学度量研发伙伴的地理邻近性和地理多样性,运用双变量Probit模型检验和比较不同情境下研发伙伴选择对创新成功和创新失败的影响,拓展经济地理学和知识基础观理论在国际研发伙伴选择中的应用。结果表明:(1)研发伙伴地理邻近性和多样性均会对创新成功和创新失败产生正向影响;(2)地理邻近性较高的研发伙伴对创新成功的促进作用更强,地理邻近性较低的研发伙伴对创新失败的促进作用更强;(3)地理多样性较低的研发伙伴对创新成功的促进作用更强,地理多样性较高的研发伙伴对创新成功和创新失败均有显著正向影响,但影响差异不明显。

庆历新政失败的主要原因:士大夫与天子“共治天下”的破裂

庆历新政是宋朝士大夫与天子“共治天下”的一次可贵实践。其失败的主要原因,不是由于保守派势力强大,或由于党争,而是由于范仲淹、富弼等士大夫与宋仁宗“共治天下”的破裂。具体表现在宋仁宗认为范仲淹、富弼等士大夫是朋党,结党营私,朋比为奸;认为范仲淹“密请建立皇太弟侄”,捕风捉影地怀疑范仲淹、富弼等士大夫“欲谋废立”,企图废黜仁宗,另立皇帝;捕风捉影地怀疑范仲淹、富弼等士大夫勾结契丹和登、莱金坑无赖凶恶数万人,起兵叛乱,直接对仁宗的皇位和专制独裁统治构成极大威胁。如此,士大夫与天子“共治天下”必然破裂,宋仁宗不再支持范仲淹、富弼等士大夫实施庆历新政,庆历新政必然失败。

基于方药中辨证论治五步法之“必先五胜”辨治慢性肾衰竭

“必先五胜”是方药中教授创立的辨证论治五步法中最关键一步,具有承辨证启论治的作用。应用“必先五胜”辨治慢性肾衰竭,一方面,可承上以审清病机之本,明确原发与继发,辨病位之本;明确真假异同,辨病性之本;审度病情轻重缓急,辨病势之本。另一方面,启下以确立扶正补虚为主、兼以祛邪的治疗原则,并创立治疗慢性肾衰竭的脾、肾系列方药。应用此法辨治慢性肾衰竭经临床观察疗效佳,以此法制定的慢性肾衰竭的证治体系被中国中医科学院西苑医院肾病科及其传承人广泛应用。

串联系统小样本可靠度直接评估方法

建立了一种串联系统小样本可靠度直接评估方法,能够根据子系统的可靠度置信限直接给出串联系统的可靠度置信限,解决了目前常用的LM法和MML法等传统方法需将信息量较大的连续型分布的子系统试验数据转换为信息量较小的成败型数据,造成试验信息大量丢失,导致可靠度评估精度不高或偏于危险的问题。在此基础上,针对工程上许多成败型试验转计量型试验的机构都是正态分布串联系统的情况,建立了正态分布串联系统小样本可靠度直接评估方法,该方法能够根据子系统的小样本计量型数据对串联系统可靠度进行高精度评估。大量的Monte Carlo模拟验证和实例计算结果表明,传统方法在小样本情况下误差较大,甚至无法满足置信度要求,本文方法则不仅能够满足置信度要求,而且评估精度更高。此外,本文方法对工程上常用的指数分布、 Weibull分布和正态分布等连续分布均适用。

一种基于贝叶斯网络的燃气轮机故障诊断方法

本文针对现役电站燃气轮机故障样本少,以往的故障诊断方法依赖于海量的带有故障标签的数据,难以在实际生产中取得预期的诊断效果的现象,提出了一种通过利用贝叶斯网络进行反事实推理来识别燃气轮机故障原因的方法。本文首先介绍了贝叶斯网络的基本原理,然后将故障模式和影响分析及故障树技术应用于贝叶斯网络的搭建,最后通过实际案例分析,验证了这一方法的有效性。本文的故障诊断方法可以根据燃气轮机在运行中出现的异常现象分析出可能的故障和相应的故障原因,帮助运行及检修人员及时发现和排除故障,并且弥补了基于数据驱动的故障诊断方法缺少专业知识支撑的缺陷,为燃气轮机的故障诊断提供了一种灵活、高效、可靠的新选择。