Struggle for Identity and Transformation of Social Media as Space of Interaction between State and Society

The article is devoted to the struggle for identity which has been intensified in the Russian social media in 2014 both on interpretation of the historical past and on the up-to-date situation, especially, Crimea events. Authors suppose that as a result social media become a means of manipulation more than independent space with rizhoma nature. In 2011-2012 social media were the space of struggle between authority and political opposition. Today space of social media is looking polarized regarding polarization of society in respect of political order and Putin political course.

Problems and Countermeasures of Taihu Port Farm in Jingzhou City after Function Reform of Running the Society

Deepening function reform of running the society of state-owned farm is an important strategic plan made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council,and is also ' hard bone' bitten by fully implementing the strategy of rural revitalization and promoting the modernization of agriculture and countryside. In this paper,the problems of Taihu Port Farm in Jingzhou City after function reform of running the society are systematically and comprehensively analyzed via field research,and corresponding countermeasures are proposed. The research could provide beneficial reference and experience reference for deepening function reform of running the society of current state-owned farm.

Global Communications and Changing Perspectives:The World as a World Society

In this paper we will analyze the world as a world society.Our assumption is that,thanks to global communications,the world has become a unique social field.Therefore,it is necessary to make an analysis of the changes that have occurred in the society-state relationship.In the contemporary understanding,societies are constituted as relatively closed,self-referential systems,in which the world of life is framed by the borders of national states.Intensifying and extending the communication process has relativized the boundaries of such closed systems,creating an opportunity for the establishment of a world society.However,the practical political(infra)structure is still fixed on old patterns and,objectively,lags behind this change,creating a legitimacy deficit in the political field.So it is necessary to look at the world from a new perspective.

Society and State in Marcuse and Hegel

In the 40s and the 50s of the last century existed a largely shared conviction amongst the majority of social scientists in the US regarding the explanation of the theoretical philosophical roots of National Socialism. Contrarily to European writers, who searched its philosophical origins in irrational philosophical traditions, in the US, they relied upon the perception that Hegel＇s Philosophy of State was the most relevant ideological basis of National Socialism. Hegel＇s idea for the need of a strong state, seemed to clearly support the hypothesis. Herbert Marcuse, exiled in the United States, bad to confront himself with this conviction that academic colleague shared. This theoretical hypothesis was in tune to the Zeitgeist and the political context, in which anticommunism was growing stronger by the day and where the cold war was developing. Associating Hegel and National Socialism implied, for most of the hypothesis defenders yet another vantage point： it could discredit also Marx, for the tights links between his philosophical thinking and Hegel＇s one. For Marcuse this hypothesis was even more problematic knowing that in Germany, national socialist philosophers had rejected Hegel from the very first day their party came to power. In this article we try to analyze Marcuse＇s respective philosophical argument. The point of departure of this reconstruction is the philosophical interpretation of Hegel＇s theory of the State. Further than the historical context, the debate on Hegel and his theory of the State, is very relevant for today＇s debates, dominated by neoliberal ideologies, which often are starting from similar theoretical errors than the mentioned. In both cases exists a lack of understanding of the classic bourgeois content within the concept of the State, based on the French Revolution.

Religion,Rationality,and Democracy:Is There Still a Place for Religion in the Public Sphere?

The article intends to point out affinities in the positions of Jürgen Habermas and Terry Eagleton on the relationship between religion and politics in contemporary world,demonstrating that the recognition of the limitations of human rationality leads both of them to criticize the Enlightenment pretension to suppress any religious viewpoints in the discussion of moral and political issues.It is argued that Habermas and Eagleton share the view that,outside the domain of private beliefs,there would be a horizon in which the aspirations towards the world could converge and a dialogue could be possible not only among religious cultures,but also between these and the secular thought.Such a dialogue could be a contribution to creating a democratic public space consisting of religious and non-religious individuals,since both sides are committed to having a self-critical attitude,an openness to learn with the other and an inclination towards reciprocal understanding.

From "State and Society" to "Institutions and Life" :A Shift in the Study of Social Change in China

The term ＂institutions and life＂ is proposed as an alternative perspective to ＂state and society.＂ Here, ＂institutions＂ refers to formal institutions set up in the name of the state and supporting its agents at various levels and in different departments in the exercise of their functions. ＂Life＂ refers to the everyday activities of social beings, involving not only the interests, powers and rights-based claims of expedient production and life strategies and techniques, but also relatively routine popular mores and informal institutions. The purpose of constructing and applying this perspective is to probe the complex mechanism of the interaction between living subjects and the agents of formal institutions in institutional practice and thereby analyze the actual logic and changing direction of China＇s formal institutions and explore the mechanisms behind changes in mores so as to grasp the main thread running through China＇s modem nation building.

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ERA, HORIZONTAL EFFECT AND THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN ＂STATE＂ AND ＂SOCIETY＂ IN GERMAN AND EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY

The article discusses the proposal for a ＂Charter of Digital Fundamental Rights of the European Union,＂ whose central element is a binding effect of its fundamental rights not only to state authorities, but also to powerful private intemet companies, which have a potential similar to that of the state to infringe on fundamental rights in the digital era. The article outlines the traditional German approach to fundamental rights and its underlying distinction between state and society, which makes it difficult for German scholars to handle a so-called horizontal effect of fundamental rights. Finally, the article discusses the main objections to such a horizontal effect and shows some practical problems it has the potential to cause in German and European constitutional law.

Changes in Citizen Participation in Japanese Civil Society

Japan experienced the retrenchment of the welfare state. The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of the impact these policy changes had on citizens’ organized activities. It focused on the 2016 revision of Long-Term Care Insurance （LTCI） system, which urged citizens to organize activities to support the frail seniors in their communities. Researchers conducted interviews in the Tokyo from February-March 2016. The subjects were six local officers in charge of LTCI implementation and 10 community members who led the voluntary activities organized as a response to the 2016 systemic revision. This study found that those leading voluntary activities were primarily baby boomers, who were born between 1947 and 1949. They were actively involved in “new voluntary activity movements” in the 1980s, as interacting with a wide range of citizens. However, as they reached the age of 65 or older, they became more focused on developing a comfortable space and collaborating with those similar to them： those who were college graduates, middle- to upper-class, and held white-collar jobs. The disparity based on income level seemed to be emphasized also because the way the 2016 revision of LTCI system was designed.

新质生产力理论:引领未来新型工业化的思想革命

在新一轮科技革命和产业变革期间,随着以中国为代表的一些发展中国家陆续完成了基本工业化,世界各国总体上面临一个持续未来工业发展的路径选择难题。实践中,以后工业社会理论为指导的西方后工业化,出现了经济服务化、金融化与虚拟化的趋向,带来了诸如“成本病”与实体经济空心化等各种现实问题。新质生产力理论应时代发展需求,改变了传统后工业社会理论对经济的服务化导向,擘画未来新型工业化中服务经济与实体经济融合发展的新路径;发展了马克思主义生产力理论,重新定义了生产力要素及其地位,开拓了马克思主义生产力理论新内容;赋予了生产力发展以新的时代价值诉求,明确了共同富裕的社会主义发展目标。新质生产力理论以三个核心观念指导中国新型工业化的具体实践,将引领一场持续新型工业化的思想革命。

算法政治:算法介入国家治理的耦合逻辑与政治效应

进入人工智能时代,算法介入国家治理成为国家治理变革的重要趋势,算法政治研究成为前沿议题。算法介入国家治理的动力包括功能主义、组织契合、社会工程、政企关系四种理论解释;算法通过赋能、赋权和赋智三种机制嵌入国家治理过程,进而形成了算法系统介入国家治理的三种耦合样态:政企合作、政府自建、政社共建。算法在重塑国家内部组织结构、官僚自主性与权力关系的同时,也通过算法中介作用对国家-社会关系的演变产生了巨大影响,这涉及国家-社会间权力配置、社会对国家的约束、国家对社会的干预三个维度。算法政治的未来研究,一方面要打开算法政治黑箱,考察算法政治的类型学及其成因;另一方面要深入探究算法政治在微观、中观和宏观层面的政治效应,以及智能社会中日益凸显的治理算法研究议题。

国家社会工作的理念、内涵与发展策略

中国社会工作发展离不开国家力量的驱动,是一种国家社会工作。它与治疗性社会工作不同,主要以马克思主义为指导,隶属于国家治理体系,融合行政性、人民性、专业性和本土性于一体,即使是微观的社会服务背后也蕴含着强大的“国家在场”。中国社会工作还具有问题寻解性、介入整体性、民众需求生活性及专业感知被动性等特点。因此,发展国家社会工作的策略有:沿循结构性社会工作的脉络,跳出社会工作“治疗术”的狭窄通道和私领域服务,回归社会工作的公共性,从整体上改进和提升民生福祉;夯实国家社会工作的内涵,构建中国社会工作自主知识体系;打造国家社会工作的科学方法体系,在其各个层面吸纳并融合专业社会工作方法,实现本土性和专业性的相互嵌合。

消费与社会责任:一个关于利益与道德的二元对立困境及其出路探究

现代消费领域中出现的关于利益与道德之间的二元对立困境,反映了现代消费社会背景下形成的对消费的一种经济主义偏见。消费是涉及商品化和去商品化过程的复杂社会活动,始终是利益与道德的结合体。企业、消费者和国家作为消费道德性的三大来源,在社会责任消费的形成与发展中发挥着各自相应的作用。西方社会中基于市场原理驱动并聚焦企业和消费者之间互动响应的社会责任消费发展模式,因其内含自相矛盾的一面而容易被“商业主义”收编而事与愿违。基于此,关注国家在推动社会责任消费中的作用,对于具有“强国家”传统的我国而言,不失为值得期待的另一种可能性。

家国一体:老龄社会治理的中国秩序

老龄社会治理兼具国家力量的制度设计与家庭建设的机制保障,不仅事关家庭的结构变迁或功能弱化的问题,也关乎国家在迈向重度老龄化新国情下的角色定位和职能界定的问题。西方的治理困境及中国的治理实践表明,家国秩序是老龄社会治理的内在逻辑。如果不理解家庭与国家的秩序关系并予以理顺,将无法有效构建老龄社会治理体系。作为一个复杂性议题,中国老龄社会治理的家国秩序不是西方福利国家在“家庭化、去家庭化或再家庭化”的主观意志,而是在“家国同构”的关系共同体下动态的历史演进。以家国一体为典型特征的老龄社会治理的中国秩序,既是尝试对西方福利国家的理论修正,更是面向现代性与人民性的实践表征。

译者行为批评的国家视点

“国家翻译实践”概念体系的提出为译者行为批评提供了“国家”视点。国家翻译实践是一国翻译实践史之主流,因此有必要从国家视点出发,对译者行为进行考察。本文通过对翻译史上玄奘译经等翻译实践的再检视发现,翻译可以上升为“国家行为”,既是语际实践,也是话语实践和政治实践。国家视点的译者主体可扩展为“国家—机构—译者共同体—个体译者”多位一体,译者属性与类型呈现出三维特征。国家视点的译者行为是以国家利益和国家价值的实现为导向的行为,个体译者行为与译者共同体行为的互动关系体现了“国家—共同体—个体译者”意志体间的密切联系。在文本、语言、行为和社会之外,引入国家视点,构建“语言—社会—国家”三维一体的译者行为批评模式,可为译者主体性研究和译者行为批评带来新启发,更好地实现国家翻译实践理论的批评功能。

清代后期国家在场与地方社会建构--以靖州三锹“万世永赖”碑为例

靖州三锹牛筋岭款场“万世永赖”碑所载事件,对清代后期当地社会产生了深远影响,至今仍在发挥作用。依循该碑文记载,结合地方历史文献资料及田野调查材料,透视出在清代后期国家权力进入三锹地区对地方社会管理的必要性,反映出三锹地区地方组织对生计资源配置的制度保障。与此同时,从国家在场与地方社会建构视角探讨该区域中华民族共同体意识不断强化的历程,以及在当今社会中所发挥的价值及重要意义。

权力结构视域下的国家与村庄善治——以J省J市一个城郊村庄为例

国家是村庄治理权力结构中的关键一环,是保障村庄善治的重要力量。在城乡社会转型过程中,随着村庄经济功能弱化,精英流失导致村庄权力主体弱化,行政村之下的自然村出现权力结构失衡与治理失序的内卷化现象。党的十九大提出“推动社会治理中心向基层下移”。2019年在全国迅速开展的“扫黑除恶”专项行动,有效震慑了农村黑恶势力。实践证明,从国家与村庄的关系而论,国家权力下沉,通过公权力介入与规制监督,可以引导村庄实现善治,促进基层社会更加公平正义。

“社会域”“社会力”与国家治理

“社会域”是以强互惠为核心特征的公民共同生活场域,在现实中主要由体现这一核心特征的各类社会组织构成,是这些社会组织的关系网络或构型。由于协同治理、民主政治、国家认同以及社会本位的需要,社会域对国家治理至关重要。社会域对国家治理的影响即为“社会力”,主要体现在监督政府、监督市场、影响公共政策的制定和发展、提供公共服务、维护道德秩序、公民人格塑造与扩大社会参与等方面。面向现代化的国家治理,需要发展社会域、提振社会力,并通过培育社会成员现代意识、发展社会组织、繁荣公共领域、注重社区营造、充实社会资本、激活社会经济等途径逐步实现。

从里坊街巷到完整社区:我国社区的模式演变、规划实践及趋势展望

从传统向现代转型的中国式现代化语境下,中国社区历史脉络与现代社区演化路径的纵贯研究较为缺乏,作为新时代城乡社区建设行动指南的完整社区亦尚未建立适切的理论框架。为了更系统地剖析从古至今中国社区发展的历史和特点,基于文献研究与规划实践解读,构建一个理解中国社区演进的综合框架:从国家与社会视角分析古今社区的重要模式演变,从制度与生活视角解析建国以来社区的发展转型,从行为与空间视角剖析近年来社区的规划治理实践。鉴于此,文章进一步提出基于“制度—行为—空间”三位一体的完整社区理论分析框架。研究认为,唐宋之际从里坊制到街巷制,表征为传统基层社会从国家中的社会转向社会中的国家;改革开放以来从单位制到社区制,意味着现代社区从国家全能管控转向社会有限自组织;现代社区从单位大院、居住小区到完整社区的转变,表明社区发展的底层逻辑从制度支配生活转向生活倒逼制度生活化。最后,指出完整社区应是公共服务均等、居民生活满意、治理制度良善三个维度高质均衡的城市社会单元,作为中国式现代化社区的一种理想图景,希冀对未来社区的理论建构与规划实践有所助益与启发。

我国保障性住房建设新模式与政策应对:基于政府—市场—社会关系演进的视角

保障性住房建设是解决住房民生问题、促进社会经济健康发展的重要举措。当前,在房地产市场供求关系发生重大变化及其带来政府财政负担这一宏观社会经济背景下,结合国家层面“加快构建房地产发展新模式、加大保障性住房建设和供给”这一住房保障理念,从政府—市场—社会关系视角,梳理我国保障性住房建设的阶段性特征,讨论我国住房建设面临的实践挑战,并进一步提出应从政府—市场—社会关系再调整视角,以多元合作共建模式予以应对。具体包括:在城市更新与乡村振兴等国家战略推进背景下多路并举统筹解决保障性住房短缺难题,创新规划管制举措以激励多主体充分参与住房保障建设与住区治理,完善土地财税金融法律等配套政策以保障住房市场有序运行等。

社区志愿服务常态化及其逻辑——基于L区的案例分析

志愿服务是社会文明程度的重要标识,推进志愿服务常态化是新时代发展志愿服务的必然要求。社区志愿服务与一般志愿服务所强调的公益性和国外志愿服务所强调的自主性具有明显不同,主要体现在它与治理性联系更加紧密,承担着“通过服务提升治理”的使命,因此要站在基层治理现代化的高度思考社区志愿服务常态化命题。对L区实践经验研究发现,社区志愿服务常态化是基层动员和再组织化的结果。具体而言,国家通过项目化运作、适配式对接和选择性激励三大举措嵌入志愿服务发展过程,动员社区建立志愿服务组织,推动基层社会再组织化。社区按照一定流程,引导居民结合具体空间和具体事务自我组织,并在居民骨干带动下,自主开展志愿服务,使社区志愿服务组织得以持续运转。可以说,社区志愿服务常态化的过程就是政府和社区合力推动居民再组织化的过程。居民再组织化与社区志愿服务常态化的逻辑关联就在于组织的五大特性,即组织形态具有内生性、组织骨干具有带动性、组织行动具有约束性、组织激励具有可行性、组织资源具有在地性,这与志愿服务常态化的要求相契合。深层次看,社区志愿服务常态化背后折射出的逻辑是“国家—社会”的联结。一方面,国家通过梯度型赋权机制培育社会、再造组织。政府通过供需适配和过程导向的项目制赋权社区,社区通过赋予居民需求表达权、骨干选举权和活动策划权,鼓励居民建立志愿服务组织。另一方面,社会通过组织化的形式与国家相联,促进社区志愿服务共同生产。由此,以再组织化为纽带,可以把政府、社区和居民都纳入志愿服务供给体系。这种发展方式契合了志愿服务有利于形成社会合作网络的本质,进而有助于建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体。