We-map is an interactive mobile map that can be easily communicated and applied on personal electronic devices,such as personal computers and mobile phones.Therefore,the study of direction systems and coordinate syste...We-map is an interactive mobile map that can be easily communicated and applied on personal electronic devices,such as personal computers and mobile phones.Therefore,the study of direction systems and coordinate systems is critical,and exploring reference frames is essential in direction and coordinate systems.Despite its significance,existing research on We-map lacks specific solutions for the exploration of reference frames is indispensable for the establishment of accurate direction and coordinate systems.In this paper,we endeavor to address this gap by elucidating the significance of We-map reference frames,defining them with mathematical constraints,summarizing their nature and characteristics,deriving their transformation relationships and representing them through mathematical formulars and equations.Our work contributes to the fundamental theory of We-map and provides valuable systems and support for the mathematical foundation of We-map,map production,and platform development.Ultimately,this research serves to advance the development of We-map.展开更多
Load spectra research for bogie frame requires establishing the load?stress relationship on working condition, which has been omitted by the researchers. With the load?stress of the bogie frame of an intercity Electri...Load spectra research for bogie frame requires establishing the load?stress relationship on working condition, which has been omitted by the researchers. With the load?stress of the bogie frame of an intercity Electric Multiple Unit(Hereinafter referred to as EMU) as the research object, an optimization model of the load?stress transfer relationship is established. The load?stress coe cient for EMU bogie frame was calibrated in the laboratory bench and online test was arranged on Dazhou?Chengdu line. Comparison of nonlinear and linear neural networks proves that the linear transitive relation between the load and stress of the bogie frame in the operating process is highly suitable. An optimization model of the load?stress transfer coe cient is obtained. The data calculated with the modified coe cient are closer to the dynamic stress results in the actual operating process than the data calculated with the calibration coe cient. The coe cient of the modified transitive relation is una ected by operating area, empty load, heavy load, or other conditions in the operating process of the intercity EMU. The real loads in actual situations are obtained. The model of online load?stress relationship that is highly suitable for line stress calculation is finally established. The research is helpful for further damage calculation and inferring the time history signal of the load in load spectra research.展开更多
The theory of grey systems is a new technique for performing prediction, relational analysis and decision making in many areas. The grey relational analysis was used to optimize the deep-drawing process parameters wit...The theory of grey systems is a new technique for performing prediction, relational analysis and decision making in many areas. The grey relational analysis was used to optimize the deep-drawing process parameters with considerations of the multiple response （the wrinkle, crack and thinning variation）. The deep-drawing parame- ters, such as the blank holding force （Fhh）, the radii of punch and die （R1.R2）, the coefficients of friction （μ1,μ2,μ3） are considered. An orthogonal array is used for the experimental design. The multiple response values are ob- tained making use of finite element analysis （FEA）. Optimal process parameters are determined by the grey rela- tional grade obtained from the grey relational analysis for multi-performance characteristics （the wrinkle, crack and the thinning）. The analysis of variance （ANOVA） for the grey relational grade is implemented. The results show that the quality of stamped parts can be improved effectively through the new approach. The grey relational analysis can be applied in sheet metal forming.展开更多
The non-uniqueness of the transition from nonobjective constitutive relations to objective ones with the use of the principle of material frame-indifference(PMFI)is shown.To eliminate it,the concept of finite strain w...The non-uniqueness of the transition from nonobjective constitutive relations to objective ones with the use of the principle of material frame-indifference(PMFI)is shown.To eliminate it,the concept of finite strain without rotations(FSWR)for a given material type and each strain component(elastic,plastic) is introduced.In FSWR the rotation is excluded with respect to the natural preferred configuration for a given material.Considered are a simple solid,a liquid,a mouocrystal,a polycrystal and a composite.The procedure is proposed lbr consistent generalization of known infinitesimal relations for finite strains and rota- tions.The structure of constitutive relations is derived for anisotropic elasto-plastic mono-and polycrystalline materials.展开更多
Most reinforced concrete(RC)frame structures did not achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode in recent big earthquakes, resulting in a large number of casualties and significant property loss. To ...Most reinforced concrete(RC)frame structures did not achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode in recent big earthquakes, resulting in a large number of casualties and significant property loss. To deal with this serious problem, a new column-beam relative factor was proposed to characterize the relative yield situation of column ends and beam ends. By limiting the column-beam relative factor, RC frame structures could achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode under the excitation of strong ground motions. The limit values of column-beam relative factor were calculated, analyzed and verified by using structural simulation models for corner columns in the bottom story of structures, which are destroyed most seriously in earthquakes. The results show that the limit values should be analyzed under bi-directional ground motion and with different axial compression ratios of columns. The peak ground acceleration(PGA)of ground motions has no significant effect on the limit values, while the type of strong ground motions has a significant effect on the limit values.展开更多
Employing inductive framing analysis and Entman＇s theory of framing, this project examines how the U.S. mainstream media defined Iraq-Afghanistan Veterans and their problems. This study used inductive framing analysi...Employing inductive framing analysis and Entman＇s theory of framing, this project examines how the U.S. mainstream media defined Iraq-Afghanistan Veterans and their problems. This study used inductive framing analysis with a sample of 180 articles from seven major newspapers and two wire services. The findings revealed five dominant frames： broken veteran, disoriented veteran, fighting the bureaucratic enemy, overwhelmed family, and the financial hardship frames. Two counter-frames that attempted to challenge the dominant frames were identified： moral obligation to help and the healing counter-frames. The finding of this research indicates that while news frames of Iraq-Afghanistan Veterans skew negative, these news frames are not as negative as one might suspect. Thus, veterans＇ groups, government agencies, and interested political actors need to sponsor counter-frames that emphasize the stability and employability of these veterans.展开更多
基金Industrial Support and Program Project of Universities in Gansu Province(No.2022CYZC-30)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42430108,41930101)China Scholarship Council(No.202306180085).
文摘We-map is an interactive mobile map that can be easily communicated and applied on personal electronic devices,such as personal computers and mobile phones.Therefore,the study of direction systems and coordinate systems is critical,and exploring reference frames is essential in direction and coordinate systems.Despite its significance,existing research on We-map lacks specific solutions for the exploration of reference frames is indispensable for the establishment of accurate direction and coordinate systems.In this paper,we endeavor to address this gap by elucidating the significance of We-map reference frames,defining them with mathematical constraints,summarizing their nature and characteristics,deriving their transformation relationships and representing them through mathematical formulars and equations.Our work contributes to the fundamental theory of We-map and provides valuable systems and support for the mathematical foundation of We-map,map production,and platform development.Ultimately,this research serves to advance the development of We-map.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1134201)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB1200404-08)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB1200505-11)
文摘Load spectra research for bogie frame requires establishing the load?stress relationship on working condition, which has been omitted by the researchers. With the load?stress of the bogie frame of an intercity Electric Multiple Unit(Hereinafter referred to as EMU) as the research object, an optimization model of the load?stress transfer relationship is established. The load?stress coe cient for EMU bogie frame was calibrated in the laboratory bench and online test was arranged on Dazhou?Chengdu line. Comparison of nonlinear and linear neural networks proves that the linear transitive relation between the load and stress of the bogie frame in the operating process is highly suitable. An optimization model of the load?stress transfer coe cient is obtained. The data calculated with the modified coe cient are closer to the dynamic stress results in the actual operating process than the data calculated with the calibration coe cient. The coe cient of the modified transitive relation is una ected by operating area, empty load, heavy load, or other conditions in the operating process of the intercity EMU. The real loads in actual situations are obtained. The model of online load?stress relationship that is highly suitable for line stress calculation is finally established. The research is helpful for further damage calculation and inferring the time history signal of the load in load spectra research.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No50475020)
文摘The theory of grey systems is a new technique for performing prediction, relational analysis and decision making in many areas. The grey relational analysis was used to optimize the deep-drawing process parameters with considerations of the multiple response （the wrinkle, crack and thinning variation）. The deep-drawing parame- ters, such as the blank holding force （Fhh）, the radii of punch and die （R1.R2）, the coefficients of friction （μ1,μ2,μ3） are considered. An orthogonal array is used for the experimental design. The multiple response values are ob- tained making use of finite element analysis （FEA）. Optimal process parameters are determined by the grey rela- tional grade obtained from the grey relational analysis for multi-performance characteristics （the wrinkle, crack and the thinning）. The analysis of variance （ANOVA） for the grey relational grade is implemented. The results show that the quality of stamped parts can be improved effectively through the new approach. The grey relational analysis can be applied in sheet metal forming.
文摘The non-uniqueness of the transition from nonobjective constitutive relations to objective ones with the use of the principle of material frame-indifference(PMFI)is shown.To eliminate it,the concept of finite strain without rotations(FSWR)for a given material type and each strain component(elastic,plastic) is introduced.In FSWR the rotation is excluded with respect to the natural preferred configuration for a given material.Considered are a simple solid,a liquid,a mouocrystal,a polycrystal and a composite.The procedure is proposed lbr consistent generalization of known infinitesimal relations for finite strains and rota- tions.The structure of constitutive relations is derived for anisotropic elasto-plastic mono-and polycrystalline materials.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51525803)the Scientific and Technological Development Plans of Tianjin Construction System(No.2013-35)+1 种基金International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2012DFA70810)the Basic Science Research Foundation of IEM,CEA(No.2013B07)
文摘Most reinforced concrete(RC)frame structures did not achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode in recent big earthquakes, resulting in a large number of casualties and significant property loss. To deal with this serious problem, a new column-beam relative factor was proposed to characterize the relative yield situation of column ends and beam ends. By limiting the column-beam relative factor, RC frame structures could achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode under the excitation of strong ground motions. The limit values of column-beam relative factor were calculated, analyzed and verified by using structural simulation models for corner columns in the bottom story of structures, which are destroyed most seriously in earthquakes. The results show that the limit values should be analyzed under bi-directional ground motion and with different axial compression ratios of columns. The peak ground acceleration(PGA)of ground motions has no significant effect on the limit values, while the type of strong ground motions has a significant effect on the limit values.
文摘Employing inductive framing analysis and Entman＇s theory of framing, this project examines how the U.S. mainstream media defined Iraq-Afghanistan Veterans and their problems. This study used inductive framing analysis with a sample of 180 articles from seven major newspapers and two wire services. The findings revealed five dominant frames： broken veteran, disoriented veteran, fighting the bureaucratic enemy, overwhelmed family, and the financial hardship frames. Two counter-frames that attempted to challenge the dominant frames were identified： moral obligation to help and the healing counter-frames. The finding of this research indicates that while news frames of Iraq-Afghanistan Veterans skew negative, these news frames are not as negative as one might suspect. Thus, veterans＇ groups, government agencies, and interested political actors need to sponsor counter-frames that emphasize the stability and employability of these veterans.
