The Conflict between Individuals and Society in Seize the Day

This paper explores the existential problem in Seize the Day-the conflict between individuals and society in modern society.With a brief introduction of Saul Bellow and the novel,the paper emphasizes the analysis of the conflict and the sources of the conflict.Besides,Saul Bellow uses many rhetorical devices to intensify the conflict.The analysis of these rhetorical devices is beneficial for us to interpret and understand the true meaning of the novel.Through the study of Bellow’s vision and the novel’s metaphorical meaning,we may find an effective solution to the conflict that our human being is involved in,and realize the social values of this novel.

Analyzing the Differences in the Concepts of Love Between Korean and American Women Using the Female Characters in Kim Ji-young,Born in 1982 and The Sun Also Rises as Examples

This paper scrutinizes the differences in the conceptualization of love between Korean and American women.Grounded in an analysis of literary figures,Brett and Kim Ji-young,the study unravels the intricate interplay of cultural,historical,and societal forces shaping these perspectives.The contrasting landscapes of the United States,driven by ideals of freedom and individualism,and Korea,entrenched in Confucian values and collectivism,serve as crucibles for forming women’s roles,self-perception,and societal expectations.The examination extends to communication styles,illuminating the directness of American expression versus Korea’s reliance on formalism.Through this exploration,the paper illustrates the profound impact of cultural contexts on the intricate tapestry of love,offering a nuanced understanding of divergent viewpoints within a global context.

The Paradox of Individuals in Society Reflected in The Great Gatsby and The Scarlet Letter

Individuals in society are subject to conflict between social influence and personal desires, which put people in tension and result in their paradoxical beings in society, as illustrated by characters in both The Great Gatsby and The Scarlet Letter. Both novels reflect that a human being is a complex result of the interaction between the social environment and human nature, and incessant and often contradictory desires, wants and needs.

Interpersonal Perception in Virtual Groups: Examining Homophily, Identification and Individual Attraction Using Social Relations Model in Network

With the penetration of the Internet, virtual groups have become more and more popular. The reliability and accuracy of interpersonal perception in the virtual environment is an intriguing issue. Using the Social relations model (SRM) [1], this paper investigates interpersonal perception in virtual groups from a multilevel perspective. In particular, it examines the following three areas: homophily, identification, and individual attraction, and explores how much of these directional and dyadic relational evaluations can be attributed to the effect of the actor, the partner, and the relationship.

Future of Public Relations Curriculum： Searching for the Ideal Undergraduate Public Relations Curriculum

This study analyzes the public relations curricula of 44 American colleges that have a Public Relations （PR） Student Society of America （PRSSA） chapter. Through content analysis, this study examines general requirements, core public relations courses, requirements of public relations programs and strategic communication programs, and optional public relations courses offered by the colleges. The findings of this study reveal that very few public relations programs offer courses involving new media, crisis communication, and PR ethics. In order to keep in touch with the fast-changing public relations landscape, more PR programs should require and integrate new media, crisis communication and ethics courses.

Application of donor dendric cell mediated recipieut lymphocyte reaction after related kidney transplantation in individualized immunosuppressive therapy

Objective To explore the feasibility of mediating recipient lymphocyte reaction with donor dendritic cells ( Dcs) in renal allograft recipients to guide individualized immunosuppressive therapy. Methods From Jan. 2008 to Jan. 2010,30 recipients received living related kidney transplantation were successively and divided into

Risk of Hearing Loss Caused by Multiple Acoustic Impulses in the Framework of Biovariability

We consider the hearing loss injury among subjects in a crowd with a wide spectrum of individual intrinsic injury probabilities due to biovariability. For multiple acoustic impulses, the observed injury risk of a crowd vs the effective combined dose follows the logistic dose-response relation. The injury risk of a crowd is the average fraction of injured. The injury risk was measured in experiments as follows: each subject is individually exposed to a sequence of acoustic impulses of a given intensity and the injury is recorded;results of multiple individual subjects were assembled into data sets to mimic the response of a crowd. The effective combined dose was adjusted by varying the number of impulses in the sequence. The most prominent feature observed in experiments is that the injury risk of the crowd caused by multiple impulses is significantly less than the value predicted based on assumption that all impulses act independently in causing injury and all subjects in the crowd are statistically identical. Previously, in the case where all subjects are statistically identical (i.e., no biovariability), we interpreted the observed injury risk caused by multiple impulses in terms of the immunity effects of preceding impulses on subsequent impulses. In this study, we focus on the case where all sound exposure events act independently in causing injury regardless of whether one is preceded by another (i.e., no immunity effect). Instead, we explore the possibility of interpreting the observed logistic dose-response relation in the framework of biovariability of the crowd. Here biovariability means that subjects in the crowd have their own individual injury probabilities. That is, some subjects are biologically less or more susceptible to hearing loss injury than others. We derive analytically the distribution of individual injury probability that produces the observed logistic dose-response relation. For several parameter values, we prove that the derived distribution is mathematically a proper density function. We further study the asymptotic approximations for the density function and discuss their significance in practical numerical computation with finite precision arithmetic. Our mathematical analysis implies that the observed logistic dose-response relation can be theoretically explained in the framework of biovariability in the absence of immunity effect.

On Individualism and Self-Reliance of Americans

The American self-concept is the integral assumption of the culture, and the best expression of it is the individualism and self-reliance. In social relations, individualism asserts its influence om many aspects such as morality, ethics, or financial matters. Also individualism reflects a continuous frontier between the individual and the cultural. For being self-reliance, Americans approve self-motivation,which in the sense of long-range goals, as well as for a specific and immediate task.

The Goals of Second Language Teaching

This paper aims to find out five major goals for second language teaching and discuss it from two aspects-individual and the society.

Who Should Bear the Blame for the Death of Tess

Tess is the heroine in Tess of the D'Urbervilles. She is a shining image in English literature. No people will not sigh and shed tears for her destiny when they read the novel. What causes her tragedy? Who should be answerable for her death? In this paper the author will analyze these from the perspective of the heroine herself and also from the perspective of the society.

Constructing a ＂Common Field＂ Across the Taiwan Strait via Environmentalism？ Case Studies of Cross-Strait Environment NGO Exchanges

This paper examines cases of exchange among environmental non-governmental organizations （ENGOs） between Taiwan and China. Based on interviews with three Taiwan Residents ENGOs and five Chinese ENGOs, this article has come up with the following preliminary observations. First, Chinese ENGOs have already built widespread connections with international community and developed good partner relationship within international groups. The exchange between the ENGOs across the Taiwan Strait is part of such a global network. Second, unlike other external or international actors, the Taiwan Residents ENGOs rarely provide direct financial support to the Chinese counterparts. Instead, the most important impact the Taiwan Residents ENGOs have brought to their Chinese counterparts are their accounts of ideas and their experiences of practices. Third, due to similar language and cultural backgrounds, Taiwan Residents ENGOs have a more important role in influencing their Chinese counterparts in comparison with other international connection. These direct contacts have contributed to form a ＂common identity＂ of environmentalism among the ENGOs across the strait, which actually is also part of a ＂global identity of environmentalism＂. Exchanges across the Taiwan Strait among ENGOs have provided a case in which cross-strait relations can be constructed and construed beyond nationalistic or economic context. ENGOs of Taiwan and China are developing a ＂common identity＂ as partners in a global community via ＂environmentalism＂.

空间视域下思想政治教育一体化的概念、内容及建设

社会发展和社会变迁深刻影响着空间格局,空间成为解析社会现象、反映社会思想观念变化的重要理论和实践场域。空间与社会的互动使人的发展、社会的发展空间趋向合理化,使空间变革愈加富有社会化特质。人的思想观念、情感体验、行为实践、社会关系在一定的空间当中被塑造和完善,空间在思想政治教育一体化的作用下逐渐具有思想政治教育意蕴。在阐释空间视域下思想政治教育一体化的概念、分析其内容的基础上提出空间视域下思想政治教育一体化建设思路和举措:实现社会主流意识形态的广泛传播,在对空间的占有当中筑牢思想政治教育一体化的基础;掌握变革社会的力量,通过对空间主体的培养塑造凝聚思想政治教育一体化的主体力量;促进人与社会关系的和谐,通过对空间关系的协调把握思想政治教育一体化的关键。

个体与集体时间自我评价:来自行为和ERP的证据

运用事件相关电位技术和时间自我参照任务,通过两个系列实验探讨了大学生的个体时间自我评价和集体时间自我评价。结果显示,被试采用更多积极词、更少消极词来评价过去、现在和未来的个体自我和集体自我,个体自我评价在过去、现在和未来维度上存在积极递增效应;个体自我和集体自我在过去和现在维度上的消极词比积极词诱发了更大LPC波幅,而未来维度上的积极词和消极词之间的LPC波幅无显著差异。这表明,中国大学生的个体时间自我评价和集体时间自我评价均具有跨时间的积极偏向。而且,个体与集体时间自我评价在神经生理水平上都存在负偏向效应。因此,中国大学生的集体时间自我评价与个体时间自我评价具有相似的认知神经特点,在一定程度上为依存型自我建构理论提供了支持证据。

算法政治:算法介入国家治理的耦合逻辑与政治效应

进入人工智能时代,算法介入国家治理成为国家治理变革的重要趋势,算法政治研究成为前沿议题。算法介入国家治理的动力包括功能主义、组织契合、社会工程、政企关系四种理论解释;算法通过赋能、赋权和赋智三种机制嵌入国家治理过程,进而形成了算法系统介入国家治理的三种耦合样态:政企合作、政府自建、政社共建。算法在重塑国家内部组织结构、官僚自主性与权力关系的同时,也通过算法中介作用对国家-社会关系的演变产生了巨大影响,这涉及国家-社会间权力配置、社会对国家的约束、国家对社会的干预三个维度。算法政治的未来研究,一方面要打开算法政治黑箱,考察算法政治的类型学及其成因;另一方面要深入探究算法政治在微观、中观和宏观层面的政治效应,以及智能社会中日益凸显的治理算法研究议题。

数字技术重塑社交格局:逻辑机制与现实挑战

社会交往指社会成员或个体之间基于持续的信息收发、接触、试探、沟通乃至互动而形成相对稳定的行为模式以及交换与往来关系的过程。从微观、中观和宏观的层面来看,社会交往对个体与社会都有着重要的意义。基于工具性、情感性和结构性的逻辑机制,以“产消播合一”为内核的数字技术,通过新业态、新模式和新理念重塑着当今时代的社会交往格局。数字技术的发展,突破了行为者的时空区域、身体所在、地位阶层等物理性和社会性因素对社会交往的局限,极大地拓展了社会交往的可能性,也让网络世界进入了“后真相时代”。但是,现实挑战亦如影随形,一系列社会交往的分割现象正在凸显“社会个体化”,如梦如幻的媒介和亦真亦假的信息容易被别有用心的人恶意利用。这些现实挑战,需要通过整个社会全面倡导更具平等导向、更加开放包容的社会交往文化,强化对行为主体现实辨析能力、现象质疑能力、逻辑推理能力和自我反思能力的培养等措施来应对。

Solitary Bodies and Emotions:Contemporary Plastic Art in the Context of Individualization Society

This article follows the trail of Weber’s comprehensive sociology and uses the hermeneutical method as well as the iconological applied to 11 contemporary works of plastic art which can be described as significant and representative of contemporary art.It pursues two specific objectives:(a)analyzing the construction of loneliness both in contemporary plastic art and within the society of individuality and separateness,through human bodies and emotions;and(b)attesting how this theme has evolved in artistic practices from simple to reflexive modernity.Artists have indeed placed solitary men and women in the geographical and symbolic center of their compositions,additionally providing a contrast with a spatial and temporal environment which marginalizes them.We conclude that,for contemporary art,subjects are neither fully fledged individuals nor citizens in their own right and that they do not voluntarily live in an individualized society,but rather in one defined by separateness.

大学生双元自主性与学校适应的关系

为给大学生心理与行为的研究及干预提供参考,通过方便抽样方法选取山东省某大学1 673名大学生,采用青少年双元自主性量表、中国大学生适应量表进行调查,分析大学生双元自主性与学校适应的关系。大学生个体化自主、关系自主与学校适应总分都高于理论中值。大学生个体化自主、关系自主得分与学校适应总分呈正相关。个体化自主在性别、年级和是否独生上差异显著;女生的择业适应得分高于男生;学校适应总分在年级与生源地上差异显著;多重线性回归分析显示,进入回归分析模型且对学校适应总分影响作用最大的因素为个体化自主,其次为关系自主、性别等。大学生个体化自主、关系自主发展和学校适应整体水平良好。大学生个体化、关系自主是学校适应水平的影响因素。现阶段应加强对大学生个体化与关系自主能力的培养,并及时采取心理干预措施调整其学校适应不良的状况。

数据要素化过程中个人信息的时代特征探析

个人与社会的关系在数字化时代正发生着从“身份互联”到“数据互联”的转变,个人信息化身为数据的承载对象。这对于数据要素市场来说,意味着个人信息成为能够实现数据价值的生产要素。从个人信息保护的实践导向出发去阐明个人信息在数字化时代的应有之义,然后探讨数据要素化过程为个人信息赋予的社会性、非排他性以及人类命运共同体指向等时代特征,旨在从理论层面助力个人信息保护工作的同时推动个人与社会的关系走向新的平衡。

个体、组织与社会:乡村振兴主体可行能力的提升与激发

乡村振兴存在农民个体、乡村组织和城乡社会等三个层面的主体,如何有效激发与提升三个层面主体参与乡村振兴的可行能力与主动性,需要制度创新来推动和实现。以新时代文明实践、制度创新推动农民个体的解放与发展,培养“爱农业、懂技术、会经营”的新型农民,以深化乡村基层党的建设制度创新来培育增强乡村各类组织建设,以深化驻村帮扶干部制度创新推动乡村振兴的全社会共同参与,是开创新时代中国乡村振兴之路的三项重要的制度创新,必须坚持并进一步完善和发展。

单项体育协会内部纠纷解决制度的实践检视与完善理路

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析等方法,检视单项体育协会现有的内部纠纷解决制度,探赜索隐协会内部纠纷解决制度的完善理路,旨在为推进协会良法善治提供资鉴。研究认为:单项体育协会相关纠纷解决制度对运动项目事务多元参与主体的风险个体化关注不足,缺乏化解风险的整体视角;多数单项体育协会纠纷解决缺少实际的执行机构,仅有少数协会建立了较为系统的内部纠纷解决制度及专门机构,运动项目事务争议、冲突等风险的控制和处理权限模糊指向协会,没有向当事人提供申诉的明确渠道和程序,尚未适应依法治体的需要;单项体育协会制定的规范性制度虽然涉及纠纷解决方面的内容,但相关制度在化解风险时存在功能弱化的局限,协会内部纠纷解决制度规范供给明显不足。亟待根据单项体育协会运动项目事务特点及化解风险的现实需要,着力于项目事务多元参与主体共同主导的风险预防,确立化解风险的整体视角;依据新《体育法》鼓励建立纠纷解决机制的指导精神,设立单项体育协会内部纠纷解决机构;整合协会现行规范性制度,遵照体育仲裁制度的规制性要求完善协会内部纠纷解决制度,在反复论证的基础上明确协会纠纷解决适用范围、程序、期限等具体操作层面的制度,将纠纷解决制度纳入协会章程进行确权,力争规范性化解和处理运动项目事务中的纠纷。