The Relative Efficiency of the Conditional Root Square Estimation of Parameter in Inhomogeneous Equality Restricted Linear Model

This paper made a discuss on the relative efficiency of the generalized conditional root square estimation and the specific conditional root square estimation in paper [1,2] in inhomogeneous equality restricted linear model. It is shown that the generalized conditional root squares estimation has not smaller the relative efficiency than the specific conditional root square estimation, by a constraint condition in root squares parameter, we compare bounds of them, thus, choose appropriate squares parameter, the generalized conditional root square estimation has the good performance on mean squares error.

THE INEFFICIENCY OF THE LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATOR AND ITS BOUND

It was suggested by Pantanen that the mean squared error may be used to measure the inefficiency of the least squares estimator. Styan[2] and Rao[3] et al. discussed this inefficiency and it's bound later. In this paper we propose a new inefficiency of the least squares estimator with the measure of generalized variance and obtain its bound.

The Principle of Square Hole Machining and It＇s Tooling Structure Design

In order to meet the rapid needs of processing square hole in mechanical equipment, the paper expounds the square hole processing method： planetary wheel method, and analyze the principle of tooling structure and process with computer graphics parameters design. The results that, as long as the appropriate parameters, using the above method not only can punch the square hole, can also be processed triangle, the five angle and hexagonal regular polygon holes. The square hole processing method can provide theoretical basis and engineering reliable reference for related engineering and technical personnel.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (II)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on the Stable Logic Analysis Model of Complex Systems

The article reviews the stable logic analysis model of complex systems or steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations. Energy concept in Physics is introduced to the multilateral systems and used to deal with the multilateral system diseases. By using mathematical reasoning, it is demonstrated that the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” which due to the “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

The Equivalence between Orthogonal Iterations and Alternating Least Squares

This note explores the relations between two different methods. The first one is the Alternating Least Squares (ALS) method for calculating a rank-k approximation of a real m×n matrix, A. This method has important applications in nonnegative matrix factorizations, in matrix completion problems, and in tensor approximations. The second method is called Orthogonal Iterations. Other names of this method are Subspace Iterations, Simultaneous Iterations, and block-Power method. Given a real symmetric matrix, G, this method computes k dominant eigenvectors of G. To see the relation between these methods we assume that G = AT A. It is shown that in this case the two methods generate the same sequence of subspaces, and the same sequence of low-rank approximations. This equivalence provides new insight into the convergence properties of both methods.

Squaring the Dialectic of Inference and Chance

Instead of merely inferring that our beliefs are in a correlation to the facts, I will contend that what matters is the logic of their inferential structure. This will reveal what is actually true for their relation and not just real for experience. Given one and two-sided inferences, the conditions of their functional relation will be consistent within a square of opposition; for contraries, contradictions and sub-contraries in a way that probability theory is not. Within this model of inferences, the two-sided concept of inferences will also have a modal value for its relation to the one-sided concept of inferences. Proposing that empirical, formal, speculative, and an Intuitionist Speculative understanding of logic will have a modal identity within a dialectical principle.

LIMITING BEHAVIOR OF RECURSIVE M-ESTIMATORS IN MULTIVARIATE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS AND THEIR ASYMPTOTIC EFFICIENCIES

Recursive algorithms are very useful for computing M-estimators of regression coefficients and scatter parameters. In this article, it is shown that for a nondecreasing ul （t）, under some mild conditions the recursive M-estimators of regression coefficients and scatter parameters are strongly consistent and the recursive M-estimator of the regression coefficients is also asymptotically normal distributed. Furthermore, optimal recursive M-estimators, asymptotic efficiencies of recursive M-estimators and asymptotic relative efficiencies between recursive M-estimators of regression coefficients are studied.

An Efficient Class of Estimators for the Finite Population Mean in Ranked Set Sampling

In this paper, we propose a class of estimators for estimating the finite population mean of the study variable under Ranked Set Sampling (RSS) when population mean of the auxiliary variable is known. The bias and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of the proposed class of estimators are obtained to first degree of approximation. It is identified that the proposed class of estimators is more efficient as compared to [1] estimator and several other estimators. A simulation study is carried out to judge the performances of the estimators.

Estimation of Population Variance Using the Coefficient of Kurtosis and Median of an Auxiliary Variable under Simple Random Sampling

In this study we have proposed a modified ratio type estimator for population variance of the study variable y under simple random sampling without replacement making use of coefficient of kurtosis and median of an auxiliary variable x. The estimator’s properties have been derived up to first order of Taylor’s series expansion. The efficiency conditions derived theoretically under which the proposed estimator performs better than existing estimators. Empirical studies have been done using real populations to demonstrate the performance of the developed estimator in comparison with the existing estimators. The proposed estimator as illustrated by the empirical studies performs better than the existing estimators under some specified conditions i.e. it has the smallest Mean Squared Error and the highest Percentage Relative Efficiency. The developed estimator therefore is suitable to be applied to situations in which the variable of interest has a positive correlation with the auxiliary variable.

Image Mathematics—Mathematical Intervening Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Mathematics (I)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Sensing of Moisture Content of In-Shell Peanuts by NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy

It was found earlier that moisture content (MC) of intact kernels of grain and nuts could be determined by Near Infra Red (NIR) reflectance spectrometry. However, if the MC values can be determined while the nuts are in their shells, it would save lot of labor and money spent in shelling and cleaning the nuts. Grain and nuts absorb low levels of NIR, and when NIR radiation is incident on them, a substantial portion of the radiation is reflected back. Thus, studying the NIR reflectance spectra emanating from in-shell peanuts, an attempt is made for the first time to determine the MC of in-shell peanuts. In-shell peanuts of two different market types, Virginia and Valencia, were conditioned to different moisture levels between 6% and 26% (wet basis), and separated into calibration and validation groups. NIR absorption spectral data from 1000 nm to 2500 nm in 1 nm intervals were collected from both groups. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Reference MC values for each moisture level in these groups were obtained using standard air-oven method. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on the calibration data, and prediction models were developed. The Standard Error of Calibration (SEC), and R2 of the calibration models were computed to select the best calibration model. The selected models were used to predict the moisture content of peanuts in the validation sets. Predicted MC values of the validation samples were compared with their standard air-oven moisture values. Goodness of fit was determined based on the lowest Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) and highest R2 value obtained for the prediction models. The model, with reflectance plus normalization spectral data with an SEP of 0.74 for Valencia and 1.57 for Virginia type in-shell peanuts was selected as the best model. The corresponding R2 values were 0.98 for both peanut types. This work establishes the possibility of sensing MC of intact in-shell peanuts by NIR reflectance method, and would be useful for the peanut and allied industries.

A strip thickness prediction method of hot rolling based on D_S information reconstruction

To improve prediction accuracy of strip thickness in hot rolling, a kind of Dempster/Shafer(D_S) information reconstitution prediction method(DSIRPM) was presented. DSIRPM basically consisted of three steps to implement the prediction of strip thickness. Firstly, iba Analyzer was employed to analyze the periodicity of hot rolling and find three sensitive parameters to strip thickness, which were used to undertake polynomial curve fitting prediction based on least square respectively, and preliminary prediction results were obtained. Then, D_S evidence theory was used to reconstruct the prediction results under different parameters, in which basic probability assignment(BPA) was the key and the proposed contribution rate calculated using grey relational degree was regarded as BPA, which realizes BPA selection objectively. Finally, from this distribution, future strip thickness trend was inferred. Experimental results clearly show the improved prediction accuracy and stability compared with other prediction models, such as GM(1,1) and the weighted average prediction model.

Application of NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy on Rapid Determination of Moisture Content of Wood Pellets

NIR spectroscopy was used to measure the moisture concentration of wood pellets. Pellets were conditioned to various moisture levels between 0.63% and 14.16% (wet basis) and the moisture concentration was verified using a standard oven method. Samples from various moisture levels were separated into two groups, as calibration and validation sets. NIR absorption spectral data from 400 nm to 2500 nm with 0.5 nm intervals were collected using pellets within the calibration and validation sample sets. Spectral wavelength ranges were taken as independent variables and the MC of the pellets as the dependent variable for the analysis. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on both raw and preprocessed spectral data of calibration set to determine the best calibration model based on Standard Error of Calibration (SEC) and coefficient of multiple determinations (R2). The PLS model that yielded the best fit was used to predict the moisture concentration of validation group pellets. Relative Percent Deviation (RPD) and Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) were calculated to validate goodness of fit of the prediction model. Baseline and Multiple Scatter Corrected (MSC) reflectance spectra with 1st derivative model gave the highest RPD value of 4.46 and R2 of 0.95. Also it’s SEP (0.670) and RMSEP (0.782) were less than the other models those had RPD value more than 3.0 with less number of factors. Therefore, this model was selected as the best model for moisture content prediction of wood pellets.

Bandwidth Enhancement and Size Reduction of Microstrip Patch Antenna by Magnetoinductive Waveguide Loading

A planar magnetoinductive (MI) waveguide loaded rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented and discussed. The MI waveguide consists of two planar metamaterial split squared ring resonators (SSRRs) placed in between two microstrip lines. The backward wave propagation takes place through this structure. The rectangular microstrip patch antenna is magnetically coupled to the MI waveguide. The unloaded rectangular microstrip patch antenna resonates at 37.10 GHz. When loaded with planar MI waveguide, its resonant frequency is reduced to 9.38 GHz with the bandwidth and gain of 44% and 4.16 dBi respectively. In loaded condition, the dimension of antenna is 12.50 mm × 3.70 mm (0.390 λ × 0.115 λ). The appreciable bandwidth is achieved in such a small size antenna. The pass band frequency of MI waveguide is predicted by using the theoretical model of dispersion equation. The effective medium theory is used to verify the metamaterial characteristics of SSRR. The simulated results and theoretical calculations are also presented. The results show that the proposed method can be used to design compact and high bandwidth microstrip patch antennas.

Energy Efficient and Intelligent Mosquito Repellent Fuzzy Control System

Mosquitoes are of great concern for occasionally carrying noxious diseases(dengue,malaria,zika,and yellow fever).To control mosquitoes,it is very crucial to effectively monitor their behavioral trends and presence.Traditional mosquito repellent works by heating small pads soaked in repellant,which then diffuses a protected area around you,a great alternative to spraying yourself with insecticide.But they have limitations,including the range,turning them on manually,and then waiting for the protection to kick in when the mosquitoes may find you.This research aims to design a fuzzy-based controller to solve the above issues by automatically determining a mosquito repellent’s speed and active time.The speed and active time depend on the repellent cartridge and the number of mosquitoes.The Mamdani model is used in the proposed fuzzy system(FS).The FS consists of identifying unambiguous inputs,a fuzzification process,rule evaluation,and a defuzzification process to produce unambiguous outputs.The input variables used are the repellent cartridge and the number of mosquitoes,and the speed of mosquito repellent is used as the output variable.The whole FS is designed and simulated using MATLAB Simulink R2016b.The proposed FS is executed and verified utilizing a microcontroller using its pulse width modulation capability.Different simulations of the proposed model are performed in many nonlinear processes.Then,a comparative analysis of the outcomes under similar conditions confirms the higher accuracy of the FS,yielding a maximum relative error of 10%.The experimental outcomes show that the root mean square error is reduced by 67.68%,and the mean absolute percentage error is reduced by 52.46%.Using a fuzzy-based mosquito repellent can help maintain the speed of mosquito repellent and control the energy used by the mosquito repellent.

The complexity of the Latin Square task and its influence on children’s performance

Prior studies analyzed the complexity of the Latin Square task solely based on the relational complexity theory, which, with the relational complexity defined by the complexity of relations processed in paral-lel, could not fully predict children’s performance on the task. So we developed an alternative method to analyze the task complexity by the relational complexity and the necessary processing steps to find a solution. The present study tested the validity of the new method applying to the Latin Square task and investigated how the task complexity influenced children’s performance on the task. 195 pupils from Grade 2―5 were recruited to perform computerized Latin Square task of 15 items. The results showed that: (i) The children’s performance on the Latin Square task fitted perfectly to the predictions by the Rasch measurement model. The relational complexity and the necessary processing steps both validly predicted the children’s reaction time for correct answers and the item difficulty levels assessed by the Rasch analysis. This validated our method for task complexity analysis. (ii) Generally, all the 2nd―5th graders performed well on the items whose relational complexity was binary or ternary. However, they had difficulties in solving the quaternary items, although there was improvement from grade 2 to grade 5.

相关密钥Square攻击AES-192

利用AES-192子密钥间的内在关系,完全确定了在特定相关密钥差分下的前8轮子密钥的所有确切的差分值,结合Asiacrypt’2010中的密钥桥技术可以确定部分初始密钥,从而发现AES-192的密钥编排方案存在一定缺陷。利用该缺陷,给出了一个相关密钥Square攻击7轮和8轮AES-192的新方法。新方法攻击8轮AES-192仅需244.5选择明文,244.5存储,以及2183.5的8轮AES-192加密。结合部分和技术进一步降低了攻击的计算复杂度。

E-CHAID决策模型下骨髓增生异常综合征DRGs分组实际运行效果分析

目的 分析E-CHAID决策模型下骨髓增生异常综合征DRGs分组对住院费用的实际影响。方法 回顾性搜集2021年2月至2023年2月浙江省某三甲医院HIS系统中病案首页出院诊断首项为骨髓增生异常综合征的患者资料。对病案首页全部指标进行组间多元线性回归检验、Mann-Whitney U检验及Kruskal-Wallis H检验,以VIF(方差膨胀因子)<10、单因素筛选中P<0.05的指标为自变量,以住院费用为因变量,采用E-CHAID穷举算法建立DRGs分组决策树模型。以各DRGs病例组合“住院费用中位数+1.5倍标准差”为费用上限,计算各DRGs分组上限费用与所有病例上限费用之比,分析住院费用分布特征。结果 共纳入2 223例骨髓异常综合征患者。是否使用单克隆抗体、是否ICU入住、输血次数3个变量为E-CHAID决策树模型的分层分类变量节点,建立了12个节点,共生成7个终端节点,变异系数CV分别为0.40、0.15、0.23、0.21、0.25、0.51、0.46,各DRGs分组间Kruskal-Wallis H检验具备统计学意义(H=2 816.568,P<0.001)。2 223例患者中超出费用上限76例(3.42%),超上限费用患者的住院总花费为662 241.71万元,占DRGs总住院费用的1.40%;DRGs 1~7组相对权重分别为1.49、2.42、2.14、1.33、1.10、0.47、0.24。结论 E-CHAID决策模型下骨髓增生异常综合征DRGs分组异质性较强,组间分布合理,可为浙江省后续开展骨髓增生异常综合征等恶性血液疾病的地方性DRGs医疗付费改革提供一定依据。