English Writing Autonomy and Literacy among Chinese College Students

The purpose of this study is to examine the current situation of English writing autonomy and literacy among Chinese college students,to analyze their performance,scale,and distribution as well as influencing factors,and to explore the correlation between English writing autonomy and literacy.This study will provide an in-depth analysis of the current situation of Chinese college students’English writing autonomy and literacy,reveal the scale,distribution,and influencing factors,as well as put forward strategies to enhance them,so as to provide a reference for the reform and development of college English education.

On the Development of Chinese College Students'English Listening Autonomy

The article discusses issues related to listening autonomy including the definition of listening and autonomy.The foster of listening involve the collaborated effort of the listening teacher and student.Meanwhile three specific ways to improve listen ing autonomy are presented-keeping a listening diary,extensive listening and forming a listening online community.

How Autonomy Support Environment Influences Student Online Game Addiction:The Mediating Roles of Academic Motivation and Academic Perseverance

Background:Online game addiction has become a serious global public health problem among adolescents.However,its influencing factors and mediating mechanisms remain ambiguous.Methods:The present study adopted stratified random sampling to collect 6146 junior high school student samples in China's Mainland.We used regression analysis,and Bootstrap mediation test through SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 to reveal the tendency of students’online game addiction with different background characteristics and whether autonomy support from parents and teachers can effectively reduce online game addiction.Results:The results showed that parental(β=−0.112,p<0.001)and teacher(β=−0.225,p<0.001)autonomy support were conducive to reducing students’online game addiction.Academic perseverance(β=−0.080,95%CI=[−0.103,−0.058])and academic motivation(β=−0.073,95%CI=[−0.095,−0.052])partially mediated the relationship between autonomy support and online game addiction.Conclusion:This result provides a theoretical basis for educational interventions.It suggests that strengthening autonomy support could enhance students’academic perseverance and motivation and further reduce online game addiction.This study utilized a cross-sectional research design,making it difficult to determine the causal relationship between autonomy support environment and online game addiction.

The Cultivation of Students' Autonomy in CALL Context

since the middle 1950s,CALL(computer assisted language learning) has become an advanced medium for language learning,which makes the language teaching and learning more convenient.The main characteristics of CALL are opening,initiative,vigorous and collaborative.In language teaching and learning assisted by computer,students are the center.However,the internet is complicated and multiple.It's hard for some students to concentrate on the language learning in CALL environment.In that case,the enhancement of the students 'autonomy is very important.The cultivation of students 'autonomy in CALL environment is crucial for students as well as teachers.Simultaneously,teachers'role in CALL context is also significant.This essay aims at discussing how to cultivate the students'autonomy in CALL context.

Research on the Judicial Relief System of Villagers' Autonomy Rights

Starting from the division of the functions of the village committee,the use of self-government rights of the villagers was examined in view of the different functions.Judicial remedies should be screened whether or not the exercise of autonomy,as well as the main disputes in order to determine the specific litigation.The responsibility determination of the villagers' autonomy rights prosecution in different circumstances is put forward.

Respect for Patients’ Right to Autonomy

In this review article we examine the laws and rulings regarding informed consent.It is well known that the patient must give valid consent to medical treatment;and it is his or her prerogative to refuse treatment even if the said treatment will save his or her life.No doubt this raises many ethical debates and falls at the heart of medical law today.There is widespread refusal of or withdrawal from medical treatment by patients suffering from illnesses,including communicable and non-communicable diseases.In Papua New Guinea(PNG)while a patient has a right to refuse treatment,there is no legal right to demand treatment.The paper seeks to clarify the nature,extent and importance of a patient’s right to respect for autonomy from the practitioner.We will attempt to conceptualise the patient’s autonomy by exploring the legal framework of consent or more specifically informed consent.Where the law of PNG differs from the laws of other parts of the world we have focused on the laws of the former.The legal aspects and guidance by the regulatory authorities apply only to PNG.

Determination of Liability for Violation of “Sexual Autonomy” and Compensation for Mental Damages

At the legislative level in China,there has been insufficient theoretical preparation to explicitly include“sexual autonomy”within the scope of general personality rights.In handling the increasing number of disputes related to violations of“sexual autonomy,”judicial biases have emerged during the trial process when courts determine the attribute of the right to“sexual autonomy.”This situation necessitates a clear legal analysis of the concept and attributes of“sexual autonomy”to establish its essential attribute as a personality right,and,from the perspective of legal doctrine,enable the justification of the right to“sexual autonomy”as either a general personality right or other personality interests,thereby providing theoretical support for courts to“adjudicate according to law.”By delineating and categorizing instances of violations of“sexual autonomy,”the constitutive elements and fundamental characteristics of such violations can be clarified.By examining the legal norms governing civil litigation and civil litigation associated with criminal cases concerning violations of“sexual autonomy,”the responsibility determination,remedies,and existing regulatory loopholes regarding violations of“sexual autonomy,”especially in cases involving both criminal and civil matters,can be defined.Based on this foundation,the legal basis,determination mechanism,and compensation standards for claiming compensation for mental damages resulting from violations of“sexual autonomy”can be elucidated.

医疗决定中意定监护问题研究

意定监护人的医疗决定权是被监护人医疗自主权的延伸,是意思自治的重要体现。但由于我国意定监护制度尚未细化,且《民法典》第1219条只规定了近亲属的医疗决定权,并未提及意定监护人,导致意定监护制度与医疗决定权的行使衔接困难。本研究通过对当前意定监护人医疗决定权的概述明确其内涵和权利来源,探究其取得、职责范围及与近亲属代为同意权的顺位问题,分析医疗决定中意定监护人的侵权形态,并提出保护被监护人医疗自主权的可行性措施,意在通过完善意定监护制度在医疗活动中的应用路径,最大程度实现被监护人的医疗自主权。

Autonomy and interdependence: quandaries in research ethics

The autonomy of research participants is crucial in research ethics without which it will be difficult to carry out research. Central to the concept of autonomy is the debate on whether the cultural norms of individuals (particularly women) should be given priority in settings where these norms require that researchers should go through male heads such as husbands and traditional leaders. This paper examines issues relating to the autonomy of women in research ethics. It highlights the far-reaching implications of autonomy for women participating in research using Islam as a religion and Africa as case studies. The paper takes a look at what obtains in Ghana and Nigeria as African countries with diverse religious sects highlighting at the same time the extent to which women are autonomous in some Islamic parts of India and Pakistan. The paper stresses that in spite of certain factors limiting the autonomy of women in Africa and Islam, there is need for a more robust account of autonomy. It takes a relational approach to autonomy concluding at the same time that the best way to do bioethics is to be culture-sensitive.

Operationalizing Cultural Autonomy in International Law as a Form of Effective Participation in Decision-Making

According to most commentators,cultural autonomy is not a right recognized by positive international law.This article argues that the core elements of cultural autonomy can be derived from the right to effective participation guaranteed by Article 15 of the Framework Convention on the Protection of National Minorities(FCNM).The existing standards developed by the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention are rather vague,and fail to regulate several issues important for effective participation.This is not determined by the wording of the Convention,but by the Committee’s choice to provide states with a very wide margin of appreciation.To fill in the gaps in the Committee’s jurisprudence,the article examines the case study of a recently adopted law on support for minority cultures in Slovakia.By using a qualitative-substantive approach,it specifies the content of cultural autonomy by defining its purpose,as well as the conditions under which it can be achieved.Applying the Committee’s general criteria to the specific problems raised by the Slovak law,the article establishes the core positive law requirements vis-à-vis the right to cultural autonomy.In closing,the article argues that the Committee should adopt detailed standards,similar to those proposed in the text,in order to enforce the right to effective participation in practice.Operationalizing effective participation leads in substance to the enforcement of the right to cultural autonomy,which is a developed form of the former.

Learner Autonomy and English Teaching——on Fostering Learner Autonomy in FLT

Learner autonomy has been a buzzword in foreign Language teaching in recent years. The concern with teaching and learning has shifted from the teachers teaching to the students learning. This paper reports an experiment conducted by the author using tests, questionnaires and interviews in a senior middle school located in Hubei Province. It has proved the promotion of learner autonomy helps to improve students' foreign language proficiency and confidence in learning the language.

论高校内部治理的症结及疏解策略

高校内部治理是高校治理的重要环节,关系着高等教育的质量和水平。科层制模式下,高校内部治理存在着政府外部行政权传导的高校内部行政权与高校办学自主权之间的矛盾、高校内部学术权力与行政权力之间的矛盾、学生组织与学校党政职能部门之间的矛盾,并表现为人事治理症结、财务治理症结、合同治理症结。究其原因,法治保障的缺乏、行政权力的过分倚重、机构权责不清、监督机制缺乏是高校内部治理矛盾和症结的成因。因此,必须从积极推进依法治校、优化高校内部权力配置、摒弃落后的管理理念与习惯、实现多元主体的治理动能等层面予以疏解。

The Centennial Protection of Ethnic Minority Rights by the Communist Party of China: An Ideological Exploration

during the different periods of revolution,construction,and reform,under the pattern of unity in diversity,the Communist Party of China has recognized and respected ethnic cultural differences,taken ethnic equality as the moral foundation for ethnic minority rights,ethnic fraternity as the ethical foundation of ethnic minority rights,and regarded ethnic minority rights as an important part of China’s human rights cause.Protecting ethnic minority rights through regional ethnic autonomy and ethnic support policies has not only proved to be an effective way to protect ethnic minority rights but also built up rich and profound ideolog ical resources for respecting and protecting ethnic minority rights.

尊严能为生命伦理学奠基吗?——兼评程新宇《人的尊严与生命伦理》

针对尊严能否作为生命伦理学的基础的问题,有些学者基于尊严的相对性、可压倒性与可还原性,声称尊严是一个无用的概念,因此不能为生命伦理学奠基。实际上,概念的相对性并不能成为可将其视为无用的根据。尊严绝非无用的概念,恰恰相反,尊严成为生命伦理学基础具有不可逃避性。当然,承认了尊严的有用性也并不等于主张尊严是不可压倒、不可替代、至高无上的。换言之,尊严作为生命伦理学的基础具有非唯一性,它与其他价值一起在生命伦理学的相关讨论中发挥重要作用。

康德与人的尊严

为人的尊严提供严肃的哲学辩护,是康德思想的核心关切。当代学者对康德的尊严观主要有两种解读:一是尊严作为某种绝对价值,体现为人类作为理性存在者所具有的自由能力,并构成了尊重人的权利的根据;二是尊严是一个关系性的概念,可理解为优越性或某物高于另一物的地位,但并不构成现代社会中平等人权的根据。这两类解读各有其利弊。解答争议的关键在于澄清何谓尊严的主体。通过对康德核心文本的分析,可以得出两大类道德意义上的尊严主体:一是理性存在者本身或道德人格本身,二是理性存在者的道德活动所展现的不同德性。两类尊严主体的根据在于自律这种纯粹实践理性能力。康德式双重尊严主体涵盖了两种尊严范式的基本特点:与道德人格相应的同等尊严,对应着绝对价值;与德性实现程度相应的不同尊严,体现了关系性的规定。基于道德人格的同等尊严,确立了不可剥夺的生而具有的自由法权,表明了基本尊严和法权的绝对性。当代少数学者消解尊严绝对性的尝试,实际上源于混淆了不同的尊严主体。康德的尊严观确立了平等尊重的底线,凸显了尊重权利与改善德性的价值,还能兼容诸多社会性价值要素,具有丰富的理论与实践意义。

论妊娠女性生育自主权的行使逻辑——基于权利阈值理论的分析

妻子擅自中止妊娠时,丈夫是否享有侵权损害赔偿请求权,在学界一直存在争议。这一问题本质上是夫妻生育权利冲突时妊娠女性生育自主权的行使逻辑问题,应被放置在权利冲突理论下重新审视。权利的阈值理论可以为探究妊娠女性生育自主权的行使逻辑提供融贯性分析框架。该框架包含两个核心问题,即权利的阈值划定问题与被压倒权利的救济问题。根据妊娠女性生育自主权的阈值划定标准,妊娠女性生育自主权压倒男性生育自主权与生育知情权具有道德可允许性。对于男性被压倒权利的救济问题,根据强关联性原则与强威慑性原则,女性不应承担因压倒男性权利而带来的牺牲补偿责任。

民营企业经营自主权的宪法意蕴

作为社会主义市场经济非公有制经济组织形式的绝对支柱,民营企业目前在质量和数量上都达到了无法漠视的新规模。我国宪法在处理经营自主权的问题上,对国有企业、集体经济组织和民营企业三种主体表现出不同的立场。虽可从平等权、人权、公民私有财产保障、社会主义市场经济等条款中考察到我国宪法对民营企业经营自主权的保护倾向,但不能据此否定在宪法上承认该基本权利的必要性。民营企业经营自主权属于“有待立法形成型”基本权利,其事项保护范围应涵盖开展经济活动、商业活动的自由、企业内部管理权、组织自由及竞争自由等内容。对该基本权利可沿“国家依法保护民营企业的经营自主权”之路径明确边界。民营企业经营自主权的主客观面向对应着国家的消极义务和积极义务。

台湾地区安宁疗护立法的改革与启示

历经近30年实践,台湾地区已形成较为成熟的安宁疗护立法。为克服改革前“安宁缓和医疗条例”的适用困境,2019年开始在岛内施行的“病人自主权利法”通过扩大安宁疗护的适用范围、明确病人最新医疗意愿的认定依据和设定安宁疗护决策执行中的医方免责情形,支持特定临床条件下的非末期病人预先做出安宁疗护决策。从实施效果看,改革后的台湾地区安宁疗护立法在保障病人善终权益、促进医患关系等方面更具优势,但在可行性上仍有不足。以台湾地区制度实践的得失为参照,中国内地应在患者权利保护法的框架下推进安宁疗护立法,并在立法理念上强调以协助决定范式促进临终患者医疗自主的实现。以此为基础,中国内地立法原则上应将安宁疗护的适用对象限定为末期患者,承认患者的拒绝维生医疗权,在患者安宁疗护意愿的认定和执行环节体现对医方专业自主的尊重,并结合监护制度完善安宁疗护的替代决策规则。

独立学院退出办学中的教学质量风险以及对策

基于风险管理理论,以江苏省J学院为例,从保障学生学习权益角度出发,剖析民办高校和独立学院在转设过程中面临的教学质量风险及风险防范举措,提出独立学院终止办学过渡期的教学质量风险分为教育教学秩序不稳定风险、课程教学质量下降风险、实践教学资源匮乏风险、学生学业发展缺乏保障风险、校园文化氛围缺失风险五个方面。结合J学院转设实践,提出应尽快建立健全独立学院退出机制的法律法规、构建独立学院教学质量风险预警机制、充分依托母体学校资源完成转设工作等的策略,为有效预防独立学院转设过渡期间的教学质量风险提供思路。

善终权:我国台湾地区的经验与启示

我国台湾地区所谓“病人自主权利法”是对善终权的专门立法,明确尊重病人的自主并保障其善终权益,其内容主要包括贯彻病人的知情同意权、意愿人预立医疗决定、设立医疗委任代理人、病人拒绝医疗时所必经之程序的严谨等,所呈现出的特点可凝练为告知义务的对象主要是病人、仅病人本人有拒绝医疗的权限、拒绝医疗后的处置范围较广等,对我国内地地区未来善终权立法及当下之善终权相关制度的构建,立法规范善终权利主体的权利与义务、建立善终权代理制度和确立善终权的侵权责任和相关救济措施等方面,均不乏启示。