As an important rectifying mechanism to the involved parties-oriented civil litigation model,the mandatory attorney system requires the involved parties of a lawsuit to appoint a lawyer to represent them in the litiga...As an important rectifying mechanism to the involved parties-oriented civil litigation model,the mandatory attorney system requires the involved parties of a lawsuit to appoint a lawyer to represent them in the litigation,otherwise they will be rejected because the litigation requirements aren’t met.This seems to restrict the litigants’right to initiate a lawsuit by themselves.Through the arrangement of the system for the participation of lawyers in some litigation procedures,stages,and cases,coupled with the legal principle of litigation costs,the litigation costs sharing mechanism,legal aid,and other related supporting systems,it is not only a substantive guarantee for the litigants’right of action,but also can even strengthen the protection of the litigants’right of action in civil litigation.Based on the need to effectively protect and strengthen the litigants’right of action,combined with its civil litigation system and judicial operation environment,China should adopt a phased and gradual strategy to introduce and implement the mandatory attorney system in civil litigation while constantly improving its lawyer system,litigation costs system,legal aid system,and other related supporting systems.展开更多
I. Getting help from lawyers and its realization according to international standards The right to defense for a person involving in a law suit is a universal human right. Article 11 of the Universal Declaration of H...I. Getting help from lawyers and its realization according to international standards The right to defense for a person involving in a law suit is a universal human right. Article 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides： ＂Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.＂ This means （1） the right to defence is a basic human right due to all persons charged with a penal offence; （2） it is a basic requirement for the principle of presumption of innocence and fair trial; and （3） the realization of the fight needs practical and effective guarantees.展开更多
One day in March 2000, a young man came to the Qiankun Lawyer’s Office, asking for help in a labor dispute. He is Tong Li, 25. He signed a "life-long" labor contract with the Beijing Fenghua Engineering Co....One day in March 2000, a young man came to the Qiankun Lawyer’s Office, asking for help in a labor dispute. He is Tong Li, 25. He signed a "life-long" labor contract with the Beijing Fenghua Engineering Co. Ltd. in June 1999. On January 5 of the following year, however, he demanded termination of the contract on account that he was far from home and he had to take care of his ailing mother. But he was refused. Later on, the workers’ congress of the company issued the rules on the management of labor contract and its detailed implementation rules.展开更多
Objective to analyze the rule of drug use in treating lung cancer disease by using the theory of fuzheng and dispelling evil in traditional Chinese medicine by data mining.Methods:By following Dr.Qianjinghua's out...Objective to analyze the rule of drug use in treating lung cancer disease by using the theory of fuzheng and dispelling evil in traditional Chinese medicine by data mining.Methods:By following Dr.Qianjinghua's outpatient department,we collected the prescription for the treatment of lung cancer by using frequency analysis,association rule analysis and cluster analysis.Results:746 prescriptions were included in this study,commonly used drugs 170 flavors.Traditional Chinese medicine with a high frequency of use were Baihuasheshecao(Hedyotis diffusa),Maorenshen(Actinidia valvata Dunn),Shishangbai(Selaginella doederleinii Hieron),Shijianchuan(Salvia chinensis Benth),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Sanyeqing(Tetrastlgma hemsleyanum),Baimaoteng(HerbaSolani),Zhuling(Polyporus),Nvzhenzi(Ligustrum lucidum Ait)etc.Through the analysis of association rule,we find out the core prescription according to the support degree(10%,20%,30%)and the confidence degree,and set the correlation degree to 8 and punishment degree to 2.Finally:The core prescription efficacy of the drug group was analyzed and the theoretical connotation of preventive treatment of disease was obtained.Conclusion:The core prescription of preventive treatment of disease is to clear up heat and detoxification on the basis of strengthening the spleen,replenishing qi and tonifying kidney.The use of blood supplements and yin tonics throughout the course is reduced during treatments.The treatments also pay attention to the function of spleen and stomach of lung cancer patients,and adjust heat and detoxification force according to different conditions of patients and pay attention to the relief of patients’emotions.展开更多
文摘As an important rectifying mechanism to the involved parties-oriented civil litigation model,the mandatory attorney system requires the involved parties of a lawsuit to appoint a lawyer to represent them in the litigation,otherwise they will be rejected because the litigation requirements aren’t met.This seems to restrict the litigants’right to initiate a lawsuit by themselves.Through the arrangement of the system for the participation of lawyers in some litigation procedures,stages,and cases,coupled with the legal principle of litigation costs,the litigation costs sharing mechanism,legal aid,and other related supporting systems,it is not only a substantive guarantee for the litigants’right of action,but also can even strengthen the protection of the litigants’right of action in civil litigation.Based on the need to effectively protect and strengthen the litigants’right of action,combined with its civil litigation system and judicial operation environment,China should adopt a phased and gradual strategy to introduce and implement the mandatory attorney system in civil litigation while constantly improving its lawyer system,litigation costs system,legal aid system,and other related supporting systems.
文摘I. Getting help from lawyers and its realization according to international standards The right to defense for a person involving in a law suit is a universal human right. Article 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides： ＂Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.＂ This means （1） the right to defence is a basic human right due to all persons charged with a penal offence; （2） it is a basic requirement for the principle of presumption of innocence and fair trial; and （3） the realization of the fight needs practical and effective guarantees.
文摘One day in March 2000, a young man came to the Qiankun Lawyer’s Office, asking for help in a labor dispute. He is Tong Li, 25. He signed a "life-long" labor contract with the Beijing Fenghua Engineering Co. Ltd. in June 1999. On January 5 of the following year, however, he demanded termination of the contract on account that he was far from home and he had to take care of his ailing mother. But he was refused. Later on, the workers’ congress of the company issued the rules on the management of labor contract and its detailed implementation rules.
文摘Objective to analyze the rule of drug use in treating lung cancer disease by using the theory of fuzheng and dispelling evil in traditional Chinese medicine by data mining.Methods:By following Dr.Qianjinghua's outpatient department,we collected the prescription for the treatment of lung cancer by using frequency analysis,association rule analysis and cluster analysis.Results:746 prescriptions were included in this study,commonly used drugs 170 flavors.Traditional Chinese medicine with a high frequency of use were Baihuasheshecao(Hedyotis diffusa),Maorenshen(Actinidia valvata Dunn),Shishangbai(Selaginella doederleinii Hieron),Shijianchuan(Salvia chinensis Benth),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Sanyeqing(Tetrastlgma hemsleyanum),Baimaoteng(HerbaSolani),Zhuling(Polyporus),Nvzhenzi(Ligustrum lucidum Ait)etc.Through the analysis of association rule,we find out the core prescription according to the support degree(10%,20%,30%)and the confidence degree,and set the correlation degree to 8 and punishment degree to 2.Finally:The core prescription efficacy of the drug group was analyzed and the theoretical connotation of preventive treatment of disease was obtained.Conclusion:The core prescription of preventive treatment of disease is to clear up heat and detoxification on the basis of strengthening the spleen,replenishing qi and tonifying kidney.The use of blood supplements and yin tonics throughout the course is reduced during treatments.The treatments also pay attention to the function of spleen and stomach of lung cancer patients,and adjust heat and detoxification force according to different conditions of patients and pay attention to the relief of patients’emotions.
