A Probe into the Mortgage Rates of Land Contract Management Rights Based on Unified Annual Output Value

The mortgage of land contract management rights has launched a pilot project in Ningxia,Hubei,Henan,Guizhou,Chongqing and other provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions,which provides a good solution to the problem of funds for rural development and plays a huge role in promoting local rural economic development.In the mortgage financing of land contract management rights implemented in various regions,how to determine a scientific,accurate and reasonable mortgage rate of land contract management rights becomes a difficulty troubling the mortgage financing of land.On the basis of unified annual output value of land,this article uses survey method,income capitalization method,and comparison method to analyze the value of land contract management rights,and finally determine the mortgage rates of land contract management rights.

Contract System for Circulation of the Right to Rural Land Contractual Management

From the perspective of civil subject theory,law of value,comparative law and history of laws,the thesis expounds that the contract on the transfer of the contractual right of rural lands is in nature a civil contract instead of an administrative one.Then it explores the defects in the contract from the viewpoint of legal value goal,contract law and legal sociology,that is,the relevant provisions in Rural Land Contract Law and Explanations of Supreme People's Court about the Issues concerning the Laws Applicable to the Trial of Cases of Disputes over Rural Land Contracting go against the principle of free contracting and run counter to the legal value goal of justice,so they do not achieve good implementing effect.Finally,the thesis demonstrates and makes some practical legislative proposals to perfect the contract system for circulation of the right to operate constructed rural lands,aiming at improving the circulation rate through perfecting the contract of the right to rural land contractual management,solving the disputes in rural lands circulation and safeguarding the legitimate rights of the farmers.

Untying the Two “Deadlocks”of Labor Contract Law Is Necessary for the Recovery of Chinese Economy

Labor Contract Law receives mixed evaluations since its implementation.The call for the amendment is hot and even some scholars regard it as the"tiger in the road"which hinders the economic development. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pays high attention to the construction of harmonious labor relation and the amendment has been a top priority. Labor Contract Law leads to two"deadlocks"of which the entrepreneurs are afraid. The first one is that the non-fixed term labor contract cannot be cancelled and the second one is that they must pay the economic compensation at the expiration of contract. These two rules hinder the employment enthusiasm of entrepreneurs. The current laws have excessive expectation for the non-fixed term labor contract and too strict regulations; as for the economic compensation at the expiration of contract, it increases the enterprise cost. The amendment of these two articles will benefit the recovery of Chinese economy and make the labor relation more harmonious.

Human Rights Jurisprudence in Hospice Care——Thoughts on the Concept and Boundary of “Death with Dignity”

Death with dignity is the embodiment of the dignity of human life in the context of end-of-life medical care.However,in the development of its concept,it has been alienated into a single way of death and is often confused with the concept of euthanasia.It is therefore a theoretical and practical necessity to re-expand the connotations of death with dignity Death with dignity is the subjective value of dignity reflected in the context of dying.It takes equality,freedom,and virtue as the core,and uses the right to life as its external support.It is projected onto the medical context and incorporates the patient’s right to informed consent.Subject to public interest,legal paternalism,and the principles of public order and good customs,the boundary of the right to death with dignity should be between active treatment and natural death,and active euthanasia in the form of giving up the right to life should not be included in the right to death with dignity.

Study on Transfer Problem of Contract and Management Right of Agricultural Land in Anhui Province

The status quo and significance of contract and management right transfer of rural land are analyzed,and major problems existed in contract and management right transfer of rural land in Anhui Province are studied,containing unsound transfer market,insufficient flow demand motion,single transfer form,non-standard register,right determination and certificate issuing. On this basis,several policies and suggestions are proposed,such as combining practical use with suitable use of land right determination and certificate issuing,establishing multilayer rural social security system and expanding land management range.

HRV changes before and after radiofrequency ablation in patients with different origin of right ventricular outflow tract ventricular premature contraction

Objective:To observe the HRV changes before and after the radiofrequency current catheter ablationventricular premature beats originated from different site of right ventricular outflow tract.Methods:A total of 102 patients with frequent RVOT-VPC admitted to our hospital were accepted radiofrequency current catheter ablation (RF). According to the origin of RVOT-VPC, it was divided into 2 groups, one is from ventricular septum, and the other one is from free wall, and in each group, male and female are observed separately.Results:(1) HRV before RF ablation: 1) rMSSD in the female patients with RVOT-VPC from free wall was significantly lower than those from septum;2) frequency domain index (W, LF) were higher than normal range, and in male patients, LF/HF<1 were found, but in female patients, LF/HF>1. (2) HRV after RF ablation: 1) Significant changes were found in female patients with RVOT-VPC from septum, rMSSD, PNN50, HF and LF decreased;2) In female patients with RVOT-VPC from free wall, rMSSD decreased;3) In male patients, there were no significant HRV changes found before and after RF ablation. (3) Heart rate changes: 1) In female patients with RVOT-VPC from septum, heart rate decreased significantly ((76.47±9.47) bpm vs (69.29±14.59) bpm)2) No significant changes were found in male patients.Conclusion:In patients with RVOT-PVC sympathetic and vagus excitability increased, and after catheter ablation, in female patients with RVOT-PVC originated from septum, the HRV index relating to sympathetic and vagus excitability significantly decreased.

Improve Labor Contract System, Safeguard Lawful Rights and Interests of Laborers——An interview with Prof. Guan Huai of Law School of Renmin University of China

EDITOR＇S NOTE： The Draft Labor Contract Law of the People＇s Republic of China has been completed and was published for soliciting comments on March 20. In a short period of one month, 191,849 pieces of comments and opinions were received. Prior to the promulgation of the law, this reporter interviewed Mr. Guan Huai, a noted Chinese expert in labor law, professor of the Law School of the Renmin University of China and law advisor to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

《民法典》视域下合伙合同解除规则的建构

合伙合同的解除,是合伙人脱离合伙关系的前提。合伙合同具有开放包容、组织化差异程度大、给付内容不确定、以信赖关系为基础的特征。合伙合同解除规则建构需要建立在确定性、效率和公平的核心逻辑基础上。实践中产生的合伙僵局,需要在《民法典》视域下,从合伙合同解除的核心价值逻辑出发,建构合伙合同法定解除、意定解除、酌定解除的规则体系加以应对,而酌定解除应以解除为原则,不解除为例外。

定期继续性合同僵局的化解路径重构

定期继续性合同中的“时间因素”意味着当事人更高的预测风险和更强的相互信赖要求,法律有必要为当事人提供额外的摆脱合同的机会,申请解除权乃合同拘束力固有限制的具体化,源于私人自治的应有合意,并未违背合同严守原则。《民法典》第580条第2款既不能直接适用,也不能类推适用、扩张适用于定期继续性合同僵局。《民法典》第591条通过令债权人负担替代交易的减损义务来限制其实际履行请求权,仅能够化解部分定期继续性合同僵局。有必要适用诚信原则从解释论路径论证重大事由解除规则以填补法律漏洞,满足信赖关系破坏的定期继续合同解除需求。为实现法律关系变动的明确性和法秩序的评价一致性,当事人只能向法院或仲裁机构申请解除,该权利为形成诉权,适用除斥期间规则。在具体案件审理中,裁判者应当参酌实质评价因素进行充分利益权衡和说理论证,合同解除时间的确定可参照适用《民法典合同编通则解释》第59条,解除效果原则上不具有溯及力。

Carto XP/Carto3与常规标测指导下消融特发性右室流出道室性早搏的比较

目的比较常规电生理标测与三维电解剖标测系统(Carto XP/Carto3)标测指导下行导管射频消融治疗特发性右室流出道室性早搏(right ventricular outflow tract premature ventricular contraction,RVOT-PVC)的有效性和安全性。方法分析2013年3月至2015年10月于我科进行射频消融治疗的144例室早病例:36例室早患者采用常规电生理标测指导下射频消融(常规组),108例室早采用Carto XP/Carto3标测指导下射频消融(Carto XP/Carto3组)。从靶点标测、消融、术中X线曝光以及手术总耗时等时间方面对两种标测方法进行比较;检测两组术前及术后1 d和3 d C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)、血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(serum cardiac troponinⅠ,c TnⅠ)和磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase-MB,CK-MB)的变化,观察随访疗效。结果 Carto XP/Carto3组在室早靶点标测、成功消融、X线曝光以及手术总时间方面均较常规电生理标测组明显缩短(P<0.01),心肌损伤指标CRP、c TnⅠ和CK-MB均明显降低(P<0.01);两组的即刻成功率分别为94.4%(34/36)和100%(108/108),差异有统计学意义;术后1个月随访时,常规组即刻成功的34例患者中有3例室早复发,Carto XP/Carto3组无复发病例。术后3个月时,两组均无新的复发病例。结论 Carto XP/Carto3标测指导的消融靶点定位更精准,手术安全性及有效性更好;常规电生理标测指导的射频消融仍具有较高成功率,手术费用相对便宜,为经济困难而又确实需要消融治疗的患者提供了一种可行的选择方案。

论农业适度规模经营视野下的承包地细碎化治理

发展农业适度规模经营是中国式农业农村现代化的必由之路,而承包地细碎化治理是发展农业适度规模经营中的关键一环。承包地细碎化治理模式中,“承包权不动,经营权连片”在法律上的技术路径是三权分置之下的土地经营权流转;“承包权互换,承包地连片”在法律上的技术路径是两权分离之下的土地承包经营权互换。农村集体经济组织在承包地细碎化治理中发挥着统筹协调、组织服务等功能,按照法定的程序形成集体意志,还可以充当承包农户在土地经营权外部流转时的代理人,以破除集体行动困境。承包地的调整仅限于个别农户之间,并在符合法定条件的前提之下按照法定程序进行,不得以承包地细碎化治理为由扩大承包地调整的适用范围而进行“打乱重分”。

Carto系统与常规方法指导消融频发右室流出道室性早搏的比较

目的通过对应用Carto电解剖标测系统(Carto系统)与常规方法指导射频消融治疗频发右室流出道室性早搏(RVOT-PVCs)的比较,评价其临床应用。方法 68例频发RVOT-PVCs患者,其中Carto组36例,运用Carto系统重建右室流出道三维电解剖图后行电解剖标测靶点并予冷盐水灌注电极进行消融;另32例在X线下常规标测和消融,为常规组。比较两组的手术时间、靶点标测时间、X线曝光时间、总放电次数及有效放电率、消融成功率、并发症和随访复发结果。结果手术时间、即时成功率两组无差别(P>0.05)。与常规组相比,Carto组靶点标测时间明显缩短(50.8±10.2minvs71.9±20.9min),X线曝光时间缩短(15.5±3.8minvs27.0±7.1min),总放电次数减少(5.8±1.2次vs9.4±1.8次),有效放电率增高(48.1%±12.2%vs31.5%±7.9%),复发率降低(2.8%vs9.4%),P均<0.05。两组均无并发症。结论两种标测方法消融频发RVOT-PVCs均有效,安全。但Carto系统对复杂的多源多形早搏有明显的优势。

论融资租赁承租人违约时出租人的权利救济路径

就融资租赁合同中出租人的权利救济而言,«民法典»第752条设计了租金加速到期与“解除合同,收回租赁物”两种救济路径.但在形式主义与功能主义相结合的立法模式下,出租人如何就两者进行主张,以及在合同层面与担保功能实现层面平衡各方的利益,仍存在一定的解释空间.当承租人违约时,出租人只能在两种救济路径中择一行使,而不得同时主张.出租人请求支付全部租金的,可依据普通民事诉讼程序或者非诉执行程序就拍卖、变卖租赁物所得价款优先受偿.这一救济路径是功能主义的产物,尚需与动产担保体系相协调.出租人主张解除合同并收回租赁物的,融资租赁合同的担保功能无法继续维持,出租人对租赁物的所有权完成了“去担保化”.这一救济路径明显带有形式主义的色彩,但基于不当得利返还的制度需求,出租人在解除合同后仍负有关于租赁物价值的清算义务.

数据要素三权分离的市场化配置机制及其激励契约研究

数据要素市场化配置对我国数字经济发展至关重要,对数据要素的产权管理是解决目前供需缺口的主要方向。基于数据在不同流通场景下衍生出的数据权利,本文通过建立双重多任务委托代理模型进行效用分析,首次提出构建数据持有权、控制权和使用权三权分离的市场化配置机制来解决数据配置问题。研究表明,该机制能够有效管控数据市场的垄断行为,满足多边利益最大化和数据市场发展诉求。研究发现,一个有效的数据要素三权分离的市场化配置机制有以下特征:(1)企业仅保留剩余控制权,并合理调配数据利用与数据脱敏两项任务的激励强度,使其增减相互制约,激励数据交易所对两项任务的努力水平进行按需分配,形成灵活的收益分配机制;(2)政府掌握剩余索取权,针对各类成本支付较高的情况,提高社会效益分成比例,对成本和风险进行补偿;(3)当数据脱敏努力水平与政府激励相关度不高,或政府加大监管力度时,政府能够通过调整税收比例或提供部分转移支付,提高社会效益分成比例。

Carto3系统指导下零射线射频消融治疗特发性右室流出道室早的有效性及安全性

目的通过与常规X线指导对比,评估Carto3三维电解剖标测系统指导下特发性右室流出道室早(premature ventricular contractions originating from right ventricular outflow tract,RVOT-PVCs)零射线导管射频消融治疗的有效性及安全性。方法分析收治的RVOT-PVCs拟行导管射频消融治疗的患者46例,其中三维组21例,运用Carto3系统重建右室流出道模型并指导标测及消融;常规组25例,仅在传统X线指导下行标测和消融。比较两组的标测时间、放电次数、手术即时成功率、手术时间、X线曝光时间,并比较远期成功率及并发症发生率。结果两组患者即时成功率差异无统计学意义[95.2%(20/21)vs.92.0%(23/25),P=0.658]。与常规组相比,三维组标测时间明显缩短(3.5±0.8)min vs.(6.6±2.7)min,P<0.01;放电次数明显减少(4.6±1.0)次vs.(8.7±2.5)次,P<0.01;手术时间明显缩短(61.1±9.7)min vs.(80.7±34.2)min,P=0.01;三维组术中完全零射线,而常规组X线曝光时间为(16.5±8.4)min。随访(15±9)个月,远期成功率常规组88.0%,三维组90.5%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三维组无手术相关并发症发生;常规组发生1例心包填塞,经心包穿刺置管引流后恢复。结论 Carto3三维电解剖标测系统指导下行零射线导管射频消融治疗特发性RVOT-PVC安全、有效,较传统X线指导消融标测时间、放电次数及手术时间明显缩短,并可显著减少射线暴露。

New labor law makes firms cautious to hire,fire

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Employment Contracts has stoked wide concern across China.One of the focuses of debate is on termination costs.Utilizing an enterprise attitude survey,this article discusses the impact of the law on termination costs and employment behavior of China's enterprises.The research shows that the law has different impacts on enterprises of varied ownerships and scales.The law,while giving rise to higher termination costs for enterprises,urges them to take diversified measures to adjust their human resources.

A Legal Structure for Limiting the Agency Cost of Stock Rights Transfer

The unilateral disposition of stock rights＇ voting rights detracts from the welfare of the other shareholders. Contractual arrangements restricting or prohibiting the transfer of stock rights under the capital majority rule may infringe upon shareholders＇ fight of withdrawal, further weakening stock market constraints on senior management and indirectly raising the agency cost of management abuse of power for private ends. In creating a legal structure for stock rights transfer, we need to find an appropriate balance between freedom of contract, capital majority rule and reduction of agency costs. Judges should determine that the transfer of voting rights is invalid in order to ensure that voting rights match residual claim rights and maintain the constraints on senior management represented by shareholder voting rights. The general prohibition of stock fights transfer in the articles of association blocks shareholders＇ right of withdrawal; this is not conducive to restraining potential abuses of power on the part of senior management and should be made invalid. Judges must differentiate between long- and short-term contracts and the initial and revised clauses of the articles of association in order to distinguish between the efficacy of different arrangements limiting transfer of stock rights as laid down in the articles of association.

Quasi Controlled K-Metric Spaces over C^(*)-Algebras with an Application to Stochastic Integral Equations

Generally,the field of fixed point theory has attracted the attention of researchers in different fields of science and engineering due to its use in proving the existence and uniqueness of solutions of real-world dynamic models.C^(∗)-algebra is being continually used to explain a physical system in quantum field theory and statistical mechanics and has subsequently become an important area of research.The concept of a C^(∗)-algebra-valued metric space was introduced in 2014 to generalize the concept of metric space.In fact,It is a generalization by replacing the set of real numbers with a C^(∗)-algebra.After that,this line of research continued,where several fixed point results have been obtained in the framework of C^(∗)-algebra valued metric,aswell as(more general)C^(∗)-algebra-valued b-metric spaces andC^(∗)-algebra-valued extended b-metric spaces.Very recently,based on the concept and properties of C^(∗)-algebras,we have studied the quasi-case of such spaces to give a more general notion of relaxing the triangular inequality in the asymmetric case.In this paper,we first introduce the concept of C^(∗)-algebra-valued quasi-controlledK-metric spaces and prove some fixed point theorems that remain valid in this setting.To support our main results,we also furnish some exampleswhichdemonstrate theutility of ourmainresult.Finally,as an application,we useour results to prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to a nonlinear stochastic integral equation.

A Contribution to a Better Understanding of Global Land Grabbing＇s Impact on Employment and Environmental Threats

In the last two decades, the global interest on farmland grew at a remarkable pace. As a consequence, million hectares of land exchanged hands. The ways the transfers happened combined with their geographic concentration in Sub-Saharian Africa, have earned the phenomenon the name of ＂land grab＂. The agricultural sector considered a ＂sunset industry＂ when commodities prices were declining, is now attractive to financial investors. These foreign investments may be good as they may improve agricultural productivity or instead bad as they may benefit only financial investors. Some results in terms of environmental and local communities＇ worsening conditions have already emerged. This paper aims to investigate what drives the big size transfers of land, to empirically estimate their effects in terms of local employment and to assess the environmental effects produced by the rapid transformation in the use of vast amount of land in terms of CO2 emissions. It is also proposed to use the estimation in terms of local employment impact as a way of distinguishing between foreign direct investment and land grabbing.

劳动关系微分化视角下网约工劳动权益的法律保障

在算法技术与平台经济相得益彰共同推进数字经济向纵深方向发展的过程中,劳动关系日益呈现出微分化的演化趋势,使得以网约工为代表的新业态从业人员陷入了“身份不明确”的主体性危机与“权益保障难”的双重困境,不仅对传统的劳动从属基础性理论提出了新的挑战,而且也日益凸显现行法律制度供给不足的现状。基于网约工群体经济从属性、人格从属性与组织从属性微分化趋势之系统理论分析,科学审视与证成微分化视阈下具有劳动从属性的网约工“第三类劳动者”之身份,并将“内在经济与人格从属程度的差距均以外在劳动量的差别为表现形式”这一从属性微分化之核心作为识别与判定标准,对具有不同强度从属性的“第三类劳动者”给予不同程度的劳动法倾斜保护,希冀能平衡平台经济有序发展与网约工劳动权益合法保障之间的关系,为健全和完善我国劳动法律制度体系提供符合数字经济内在运行规律的科学立法选择。