Christianity: What Should It Do With a New Situation?

Is the Christian doctrine espoused by contemporary Christians really the true meaning of Christ?What is the basic doctrine of Christ?How should believers believe in and practice Christian doctrine?This article analyzes this and distinguishes between the faithful of Christ and that of the church,two types of believers who are similar in form but not identical in nature.

A 32-Year Systematic Review:Exploring the State of Christian Spirituality and Mental Health Research

This study reviewed scholarly articles on the relationship between Christian spirituality and mental health published in academic journals from 1980 to 2022.The review analyzed findings from 44 studies that likely used various research methods like surveys,interviews,and experiments.The results reveal a consistent link between Christian beliefs,such as faith,hope,and love,and positive mental health outcomes.Most studies focused on the therapeutic effects of Christian spirituality in alleviating mental disturbances and improving well-being.However,the review also identified gaps in the literature,including a lack of research on the relationship between Christian spirituality and mental illness,small sample sizes,and a lack of cross-cultural and cross-religious investigations.The article emphasizes the importance of addressing these limitations to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between mental health and spirituality.

Cultural Conflicts and Fusion in the Process of Christianity Disseminating in China

This paper focuses on cultural conflicts,mainly conflicts of God oriented and people oriented world view,different view towards human nature- virtue culture and guilt culture,the theology that all are equal before God and hierarchical order tradition,monotheism and polytheism,conflict between the doctrine and the concept of clan,briefly,that between Chinese traditional culture and Christian doctrine in the process of the religion disseminating in China.It also touches upon the beneficial attributes of Chinese culture for the fusion of the two culture patterns.

Obligation Orientation and Right-Based Principle——The Difference between Chinese and Western Legal Culture Influenced by Confucianism and Christianity

As an important part of cultural and ideological progress construction,the improvement of Chinese modern legal system has become a keynote in the process of constructing the harmonious society in China.In the course of the development of Chinese legal system,transplanting from western legal culture is becoming a trend.Therefore,it is necessary to study the difference between Chinese and western legal culture and its influencing elements so as to provide a cultural basis for this transplant.As for cultural factor,Confucianism is the dominated thoughts in traditional Chinese history and Christianity occupies the same place in western culture,accordingly,their influence on the difference between Chinese and western legal culture is great.This paper discusses the difference of the obligation orientation and right-based principle between Chinese and western legal culture influenced by Confucianism and Christianity aiming at provide some important inspirations for the transplant of western legal culture in improving Chinese modern legal system.

Searching for a New Identity:Christianity,Conversion and Dalit Sikhs

The advent and spread of Christianity in the Punjab would have been a limited affair but for the“dalits”,the depressed classes of the Punjab.The present Christian community is the result of the mass movement and efforts of the missionaries in the Punjab.The paper also examines the eyewitness accounts of the missionaries which are helpful in demystifying the myth of“equality among the Sikhs”.These accounts also reinforce our understanding of the status of Mazhabi Sikhs as a lower caste among the Sikhs.Using the terms,“foreign enclaves”and“ritually neutral area”from Milton Singer’s classic study,When a Great Tradition Modernizes,the author has tried to demonstrate the processes of isolation,slow acceptance,and incorporation of the converts.

It Is Easy When You Are a Christian： Badeng Kenyah Conversion to Christianity

In this article, 1 explore how the Long Geng Badeng Kenyah community of Sarawak converted to Christianity even though there was no sustained missionary persuasion from the outside. Over a period of study, I eventually accept the simple emic explanation that ＂it is easy when you are a Christian＂ to be an important explanation. Central to this view is that Christianity provides an alternative religion that allows the people to avoid the need to observe the many troublesome taboos that hinder frequent traveling and engaging in various kinds of economic activities. The influence of relatives is an important factor, too, and as more people become Christians, the traditional Bungan followers lose the support to continue with the traditional religion and eventually almost all follow their relatives to adopt the new religion, which they find do not hinder practicing their culture other than replacing the traditional worship with the Christian way. The ethnographic study provides the opportunity to relate to recent scholarship on the anthropology of Christianity, and facilitates anthropological reflection on the study of cultural change, in particular, in relation to the work of Marshall Sahlins.

Cogito, Phenomenology, and Christianity in Michel Henry

This article shows,in Michel Henry,the relationship that Descartes’cogito maintains with phenomenology and Christianity.Thus,this article first shows to see how the phenomenology of life is only possible through a reading of Descartes’cogito.For,in it is in the cogito that one discovers how the life of the ego relates the ego to itself by excluding from itself what is outside of itself in the reduction in which this ego is constituted.The article then observes that it is from the way in which the ego is constituted in its most radical immanence that Michel shows how Husserl confused the immanence of the ego with the transcendence which lies outside of the ego.The article finally explains how the ego which discovers itself in pure immanence is the institute of a phenomenology of life which remains the mode of being of the philosophy of Christianity.

Women Bodies at Trial by Ordeal since Christianity to Trier Movies

In his Antichrist and Nymphomaniac, Lars von Trier seems to defy norms on sex and women＇s desires. However he actually reproduces Christianity＇s perspective that women are sinful by their dispositions. According to the classical creation story, Eve falls into temptation and then, convinces Adam to commit the same crime. All Abrahamic religions but especially Christianity identifies women with the body and bodily desires, rather than the mind which comes from nonmaterial and divine substance. Accordingly, women can easily be deceived by Satan since they contain a lesser amount of mental substance compared to men. In Antichrist, Trier reiterates the story of Adam and Eve in a different context. The woman writes her dissertation on women who are burnt with the accusation of being a witch. But she realizes that her body is sinful and deserving of punishment, too. She finds her salvation when she cuts her clitoris. In Nymphomaniac, the main character gets her clitoris whipped. While she resists traditional and bourgeois morality, she defines herself as morally evil because of her unmanageable sexual desires. Thus, reputed as critical of all social structures and morality, Trier in fact simply rehashes the classical sexist and misogynist perspective.

Analyses on How Christianity Affects Western Culture

T.S. Eliot once said if there were no Christianity, the whole culture wouldn't exist. Christianity affects every part of western culture. Christian thoughts deeply influence how western people think and feel. This paper centers around the following divisions, Introduction, Christianity, Christianity and Western Culture, and Conclusion. According to the four dimensions, the thesis emphatically analyzes why Christianity is an important source of western culture.

Shakespeare and Christianity—Studies in the Merchant of Venice

Christianity, by far the most influential religion in the west, touches every phase of man's life so much so that it has shaped the western civilization more decisively and become the blood of western culture. William Shakespeare is the greatest humanist, but he is also a Christian rooted in western culture, so it is observed that Shakespeare's thinking pattern and writing were influenced by Christianity. The paper, taking the Merchant of Venice as an example, analyzed Biblical references in Shakespeare's thinking pattern, Christianity and Shakespeare's idealistic character.

组织细胞吞噬性脂膜炎一例

组织细胞吞噬性脂膜炎(CHP)是一种罕见的临床疾病,以皮下脂肪组织的结节性小叶性脂膜炎为特征,本文报道1例。患者,男,56岁,双侧下肢及上肢反复出现疼痛性红斑、结节,伴发热、白细胞异常升高、周身乏力,抗生素治疗无效。病理活检示真皮可见“豆袋细胞”,最终明确诊断组织细胞吞噬性脂膜炎,给予糖皮质激素治疗后患者皮疹及症状迅速改善。

虔诚者路易的虔诚——学术史的考察

虔诚者路易的绰号为虔诚者,理应受到教会史家的大力褒奖。然而,令人奇怪的是,大多数中古史家对他的兴趣并不大。17世纪天主教会史家对他重新重视起来,但启蒙运动以来的现代中古史学从教俗分离视角下对他做了非常消极的评价。第二次世界大战后,尤其是20世纪80年代以来,从史料、政治制度和基督教政治文化等方面,虔诚者路易得到了重估和更加积极的评价,虔诚者路易的虔诚似乎也变得名副其实,成了基督教理想政治的尝试者。

“中华性”与“现代性”的扭结:论北平辅仁大学中国基督教绘画实践(1929—1949)

基督教艺术在西方有着悠久的历史,但在中国传统绘画中并未形成固定模式。民国时期,北平辅仁大学的艺术家们尝试将西方基督教绘画的题材与中国绘画传统相结合,创造出具有“中西合璧”特色的宗教画作。这些作品在构图、视觉惯例符号的运用上显示出中西融合的特点,同时在题材、绘画媒介、技法和位置经营等方面体现了中国传统工笔画和文人水墨画的特色。这就导致辅仁圣教画作在形式与内容、视觉现代性与神学内涵规定性之间构成了双重吊诡,即在形式上对中国观众来说是传统的,而对西方天主教来说是现代的;同时,其图像内容对民国时期的中国来说是西方的(现代的),但对西方天主教来说又是传统的。由此,辅仁圣教画作在国内外的反响和传播情况呈现出鲜明的差异:它们在西方受到赞誉,但在民国时期的中国却遭遇了两难境地。这次中国基督教绘画本土化的实践不仅呈现出当时中国半殖民地情境下对视觉现代性的追求与本土化尝试之间的张力,也反映了民国社会对现代性、民族身份和宗教艺术的复杂态度;而辅仁大学传教士画家方希圣的作品《苦难的中国》则以其深刻的社会现实主义风格,触及了人类普遍的苦难体验,从而在一定程度上超越了艺术的民族界限,在“中华性”与“现代性”的扭结中探寻基督教艺术本土化表达的可能性。辅仁大学的中国基督教绘画实践不仅是一次艺术上的创新尝试,也是中西文化交流和宗教本土化的重要案例。

关注翻译目的与译者培养提高中国文学外译质量——Christiane Nord教授访谈录

克里斯蒂安·诺德(Christiane Nord)教授是德国功能翻译研究学派的代表人物之一。访谈中,她对学界的批评给予了一些回应并强调了翻译目的论对翻译实践的指导作用。基于翻译实践的层面,她从读者、译者和研究者的角度出发,对中国文学外译问题提出了一些自己的思考,如关注翻译目的、选择合适策略、加强译者培养等。在此基础上,笔者对当前形势下如何提高我国文学外译作品的质量进行了一些反思,以期推动相关研究的发展。

Beware the Demon of Love Jihad! The Gendered and Sexual Abjectification of Muslim Masculinities by Hindu Nationalists on Twitter

In this paper,I examine the Twitter accounts of right-wing extremist groups(RWEGs)in India,arguing that the abjectification of Muslim masculinities is central to the narratives of Hindu supremacist groups.The abjectification process on Twitter serves as a rhetorical device to:a)criticize and problematize Muslim masculinities;b)idealize and glorify Hindu and white masculinities;c)promote Hindu and white masculine nationalist projects;and d)unify Hindu supremacists against Muslim others.By analyzing the gender ideologies expressed implicitly or explicitly on the Twitter accounts of RWEGs,and using the“Love Jihad”conspiracy case as a focal point,I demonstrate how the abjectification of Muslim masculinities is constructed in opposition to the idealized Hindu masculinities.This study highlights the intersection of gender and nationalism in the digital discourse of Hindu supremacist groups,offering insights into the mechanisms through which social media platforms are used to reinforce and propagate Islamophobic ideologies.

A Cosmological Neuroscientific Examination of Bertrand Russell’s Essays on Religion and Related Subjects

This work examined Bertrand Russell’s main arguments against the existence of God and his strongly negative opinion on the historic role of religions.These arguments were:(1)The idea that God is a First Cause is invalid because the cosmos doesn’t have to have a beginning;(2)If there were reasons for God to issue the observed natural laws and not others then God Himself was just an intermediary of older laws;(3)Considering all the defects of the world one cannot consider God as an omnipotent designer;(4)If God created both right and wrong then it is no longer a significant statement that God is good;And(5)most people believe in God just because they have been taught from early infancy to do it.The criticisms of cosmological neuroscience were as follows:(1)The particular cosmic wave that carries our Universe could have a beginning;(2)Although there were reasons for the natural laws which God issued,it cannot diminish the divine creativity of this act;(3)Although the world is indeed full of defects,they are as much parts of the cosmic order as its splendors,due to their common roots in the Law of Coexistence in Diversity;(4)Although right and wrong may ultimately be both in God’s blueprint,He is still benevolent due to the Law of Divine-Evil Asymmetry permitting wrong only under the dominance of right;And(5)although many believe in God only because they were taught to do so and hope it provides safety,this is an oversimplification unable to explain the genuine Faith of others.The devastating judgement of Russel that religions have been just“a source of untold misery to the human race”was also examined.This brief article could not detail all the positive social changes with which the religions of goodness(e.g.,Abrahamic religions)enriched history,such as introducing the respect for human life.But the paper did remind the reader of the God-inspired work of Lao Tzu,Rumi,Michelangelo,the Bach-interpreting Leonard Bernstein,Mother Teresa,Martin Luther King Jr.,George Harrison and others including the architects of the Borobudur temple and astronauts like Frank Borman who read from the Bible while flying around the Moon.The paper ended with the central thought of Bertrand Russell that“The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge”,to emphasize that if committed to their Conscience atheists like him can live as moral lives as the men and women of Faith—the difference is being nothing else than sensing or not the Soul that permeates the cosmos.

从影像索引到象征系统:符号学纪实理论探赜

长久以来,以巴赞、克拉考尔为代表的纪实观念基本垄断了学界对于电影纪实理论的理解,而电影纪实的实践则常被限定于纪录片或逼真摹写现实的影片类型当中。事实上,纪实学派之后的结构主义思潮以及符号学并未放弃对电影纪实魔力的理论重释,其惯例系统、幻觉、想象等概念也大都渊源有自。经由米特里、第一符号学乃至第二符号学的改造,电影纪实性观念不断突破早期的概念边界,随技术、思潮之代序而变迁,与不断更新的电影现象相适配。探究该时期影像纪实理论之内核,可以揭示其潜在的思想流变,暴露其局限,补足我们对这段“折跃”式影像纪实观念的理解的缺失。

芥川龙之介“芥川福音”思想探究——从“切支丹物”中的女性形象出发

基督教自传入日本以来,对日本作家及其创作产生了极大的影响。芥川龙之介作为日本近现代时期的代表作家,其思想也不可避免地受到了基督教的影响。芥川笔下一系列“切支丹物”作品群的创作则集中体现了作家本人的基督教思想,即芥川福音。在“切支丹物”之中,芥川创作了大量生动具体的女性形象,她们身份各异、性格不同,对芥川福音的表达起到了至关重要的作用。不同于基督教传统,芥川福音以现代新视角理解基督教,切支丹物中的女性形象从多个方面体现出芥川本人对日本基督教文化的现代性反思。