The Role of Authoritative Leadership in the Rise of Western Great Powers in Modern Times

The authoritative leadership of a country is the legal political leadership approved by the people. Authoritative leadership has played important and irreplaceable roles in the rise of various western great powers in various forms in modern times. However,they cannot promote the development of every country in every period because of the limitations determined by the defects existing in themselves.

On the Rise and Fall of Great Britain

From the Industrial Revolution to the World War,the past three centuries have witnessed the development and rise and fall of Great Britain.Great Britain,an island country with a total area of about 240,000 square kilometers,enjoys a very important place in the world in modern history.Great Britain was the first industrial country and created the epoch-making laissez-faire capitalism and built a sun-never-set empire.It was also the leadership of the world from the middle of 18^th and to the middle of 19^th century.In retrospect to the rise of Great Britain,we can easily see that it was by relying on an innovative culture that the island country became a great power in Europe and then became the dominant empire in the world.This innovative character permeates in all kinds of culture including industrial,military,technological,politic and diplomatic.As for the main cause of Great Britain’s rise,this thesis attempts to analyze from three aspects,that is,the emancipation of mind,the advancement of military power,and the development of technology.After the World War,Great Britain began to suffer a decline in status and was reduced to a second class developed country.That is also because the conservative factor in its culture which blocks its development and the potential to innovate new things.The past years has witnessed the fall of the empire and also left us much inspiration.Take the history as a mirror,the thesis will focus on the“English disease”and influence of the World War to make an analysis on Great Britain’s fall.A conclusion of inspiration would also be included.

The New Trend of India's Rising as a Great Power

Since Modi took office as Indian prime minister in 2014,India has quickened its pace toward great power status.Although the Indian government did not issue relevant documents and did not systematically give official statements,from the perspective of Modi’s domestic and foreign policies the outline of its strategy of rising as a great power

The rise of emerging powers and the BRICs’ chase to catch up

The rise of great powers is a universal phenomenon in global economic development. However, at different times countries' rises are accompanied by different tendencies and characteristics. With the BRICs as representatives, the rise of emerging super powers has become a new trend in global economic development in recent decades. What is the difference between the rise of these super-economies and those in the past? In what ways can China's revival be inspired? These are both theoretically and pragmatically significant questions.

The Rule of Law in Foreign-Related Affairs in Building China into a Great Modern Country

The call to advance the rule of law in foreign-related affairs is an important component of China's strategic move to a great modern country.In modern times,Western countries have applied rule of law practices in their modernization,demonstrating the values of a sound rule of law system for national strength.In particular,the rule of law,extended beyond national borders,provides a crucial guarantee for a great modern country's sustained,stable,and healthy path,and is also a clear symbol of a country's soft power.As China is progressing to become a great modern country,there is a need to pay a particularly close attention to the rule of law,actively promoting the legalization of foreign-related work.China's stance on the rule of law in foreign-related affairs should include both a principle of defending its core interests and a principle of advocating shared values and of promoting mutually beneficial cooperation.In the context of this era,China's international law professional community should delve into appropriate models that can facilitate smooth progress on the path to modernization,further enhancing the rule of law in China and the successful emergence of a great modern country.

Factors Determining Health Expenditure in the Asian and the OECD Countries

It is widely recognized that developed countries have been spending more than developing countries on health care. Objective of the study is to examine determinants of health expenditure and what factors influence it. Fifteen Asian countries and 30 OECD countries were chosen to explore the difference of their health expenditure structures. Model of health expenditure per person was estimated to be dependent on market demand, market supply, and other exogenous factors. A model with country specific and time effects of health expenditure was used and estimated. The study found a negative but insignificant relationship between price and health expenditure and a positive and significant relationship between GDP and health expenditure. Urban population density as proxy of urbanization was found to induce the health expenditure in the OECD. Out-of-pocket payment was also found to induce health expenditure for both the Asian and the OECD countries. A net effect of improvement in the health status or a lower mortality rate and a higher life expectancy caused an increase in the health expenditure among the Asian countries studied but decreased health expenditure in the OECD countries. In terms of income elasticity, it was found to be smaller than one in both groups of the countries. Since the income has changed faster than the other factors, the net effect of changes of all factors over period of time will cause rising in health care expenditure. Finally, the model indicated that both the Asian and OECD countries will continue to have a rising health expenditure per person over a period of time.

“印太战略”框架下美国对太平洋岛国的嵌入式援助

嵌入式援助是指一国在对外援助的过程中,利用本国的政治力量、社会力量和市场力量优势把本国的治理理念、规范制度、治理模式嵌入到受援国的治理架构中,重构受援国治理体系和治理能力,以深度影响受援国治理议程和政策偏好为目标的援助形态。近年来,出于制衡中国崛起、利用太平洋岛国的独特地缘战略价值、护持太平洋霸权和扩展软实力影响的战略需要,美国将太平洋岛国纳入其“印太战略”框架,着力实施嵌入式援助,推动太平洋岛国与美国实现战略耦合,呈现出多主体参与、全政府协同、注重治理经验输出、依赖联盟网络、采用项目外包和嵌入领域广泛的特点。美国的嵌入式援助在本质上就是以柔性、隐蔽和伪善的方式,试图在大国竞争中以治理软实力塑造太平洋岛国的美国认知、治理结构与对外关系,维护其在太平洋岛国的话语影响力和战略控制力,稳定由其主导的“印太秩序”。由于受到自身霸权相对衰落、部分太平洋岛国与美国存在利益冲突以及太平洋岛国的自主性增强等多重因素限制,未来美国对太平洋岛国的嵌入式援助成效将充满不确定性。

大国兴衰与国际秩序的历史演进

大国兴衰与国际秩序的历史演进有着非常密切的联系。尽管近代以来国际秩序的具体形态不断发生演变,大国之间的力量对比不断发生改变,但欧洲和西方大国始终是国际秩序的主导力量。二战结束之后,摆脱了殖民地或半殖民地地位的非西方大国开始登上世界舞台。冷战结束后,一批非西方大国在新一轮的经济全球化进程中乘势而起,改变了大国之间力量对比结果,促成了“世界百年未有之大变局”的到来。相比于西方大国,非西方大国不仅具有更为广阔和长远的发展优势,更有不同的历史经验和价值追求,从而为国际秩序的发展变化注入了新的活力。而中国提出“人类命运共同体”理念构想和“全球发展倡议”“全球安全倡议”“全球文明倡议”,更是为超越当今世界所面临的挑战和困局,构建更为公正、合理的国际秩序,提供了令人鼓舞的发展目标和前景。

“大教材观”与教材强国建设

建设教材强国不仅要建设人民满意的高质量教材体系,还要明确教材理论的相对独立性。为实现教材强国建设理想,应树立起系统、联系、全面、动态的“大教材观”,关注教材建设的全环节、全过程、全要素及其内在联系,有效促进强国战略融合发展、学习型社会构建和教育改革的进一步深化。在“大教材观”视域下,当前的教材建设存在教材理论的话语区隔与自行其道、教材评价的孤立存在与标准虚设、教材类型发展的结构失衡与资源错配、教材使用过程的权责不清与通道不畅等问题,为实现强国理想,应以全场域的教材研究立场丰富中国教材话语体系,打造以时代新人培养为核心理念的教材供给体系,坚持行政主导构建立体均衡的教材格局,以及完善权责一致、多元协作的教材治理体系。

大一统视角下“一国两制”台湾方案的探索

在建立统一多民族国家的政治制度和社会文明的过程中,大一统思想塑造了中国人的家国情怀和民族记忆,并在思想意识、国家建构、治国理政等方面为实现国家完全统一和保持长期繁荣稳定提供了宝贵的理论资源和实践经验。中国共产党人在处理台湾问题、完成港澳回归的历史过程中不断发展和创新大一统思想,妥善处理内部问题与外部干涉,积累了和平谈判、稳固政权、实行地方自治的丰富经验,为“一国两制”台湾地区方案构想奠定了坚实基础。把握大一统思想的核心精神,有助于“两制”台湾地区方案在设计和推进过程中超越昔日束缚,为实现中华民族伟大复兴作出贡献。

“一带一路”下中国与非洲国家合作的成功经验、实质内容及建构方略--以尼日利亚为例

中国和非洲国家同是有着深厚历史和文化积淀的发展中国家,也都是进入了各自国家发展的重要阶段,“一带一路”倡议给中非合作提供了新平台、带来新契机。尼日利亚是非洲第一大经济体和人口最多的国家,在非洲区域和国际事务中发挥着引领作用,中国和尼日利亚在“一带一路”框架下合作的成功经验、实质内容和建构方略对中非合作具有重要借鉴意义。当前,尼日利亚发展前景既迎来良好机遇,又面临一些重大挑战,只要能总结经验、吸取教训,那么总体上来说机遇大于挑战。因此,中国应利用“一带一路”国际合作平台,以产业链高端化、价值链现代化为主攻方向,积极对接中尼各自发展战略和重点合作领域,探索对现有合作存量的潜力挖掘和二次开发,不断充实两国战略合作伙伴关系内涵,努力为尼日利亚破解发展中面临诸多困难贡献智慧和力量,并将在此过程中积累的经验推广扩散到更多非洲国家,将实现中国与非洲各国发展战略和政策规划继续深入对接作为最高理想和最终目标。

徐仲林先生的师德风范及其现实意义

在60多年的从教生涯中,徐仲林先生一方面以言传身教的方式体现了立德树人是教师本职所在、扎实学问是教师立身之根、教书育人是教师为师之本、理想信念是教师修身之本、以身作则是教师育人之道、仁爱之心是教师处世之本、道德情操是教师成事之基等高尚的师德和优良的师风,另一方面还以躬耕求实的方式诠释了“经师”与“人师”融合统一、科研与教学相互促进、立己与达人相辅相成等卓越的教学智慧。这些优秀品质和教学智慧共同构成了徐仲林先生独特的精神风貌,展现出时代“大先生”之风范。

战略科技力量与大国兴衰的逻辑——以二战后美国科技博弈为例

研究战略科技力量如何影响大国兴衰及其核心逻辑,对于维护国家主权、安全与发展利益具有重大的意义。战略科技力量推动大国力量消长,加剧大国安全困境,打破大国内部权力均衡。基于对美苏、美日、美中科技博弈的历史与现实案例的考察可见,美国通过科技博弈巩固了霸权,延缓了霸权的衰落,但同时也对自身带来科技伦理风险、技术治理难题等挑战。战略科技力量博弈改变大国兴衰的内在规律,一些大国因此更深地陷入美国科技霸权体系,甚至有可能跌落成为次要国家。大国战略科技力量博弈是关乎综合国力、政治制度、科技联盟与创新模式的全方位博弈,竞争制胜需要具备强大的国家综合国力、良好的政策弹性与制度优势、科技“盟友”支持及灵活的科技创新模式。

社会主义现代化强国评价指标体系的建构逻辑

全面建成社会主义现代化强国,必须明确社会主义现代化强国的概念要点,进而把握其核心要义、构成要素与评价要求,探求构建社会主义现代化强国评价指标体系的可行路径。本文旨在立足国内外现代化强国评价指标体系研究基础,把握时代发展趋势,结合我国实际情况,严格遵循“目标导向与问题导向、理论研究与实践创新、国际通用与各地适用、动态分析与静态剖析、技术可行与数据可比、数量指标与质量指标”六个相统一的构建原则,提炼设计出一套科学系统、行之有效的社会主义现代化强国评价指标体系。全面落实社会主义现代化强国评价指标体系,必须强化评价衡量标准、优化评价监测机制、转化评价结果运用,才能稳中有进全面建成社会主义现代化强国。

厚育大国工匠:教育家精神映照下高职院校的价值坚守

教育家精神充分体现了尊师重教、兴教强国的深邃教育思想,富含教育情怀和深远教育目光,彰显了党和国家对教育事业的高度重视。高职院校厚育大国工匠在汲取教育家精神的内核后可形成彰显敬业尽责的主体理性、形塑博学多识的文化理性、弘扬求真务实的制度理性、担当善施教化的价值理性四个重要育人思想;可起到引领职教师资走向专业自觉、涵养大国工匠的德性与灵魂、为深化高职内涵发展注入动力、构筑职教强国建设精神根基等四个重要育人价值。鉴于此,可从坚定高职教师的理想信念、助推教育家型的校长转向、于教育教学中渗透文化故事、以制度引领发展四个重要角度出发,奠定高职教育家精神的生成基础。

教育家精神与大国工匠培养:耦合关系、现实困境和纾解策略

大国工匠培养是一项系统性工程,对于推动职业教育高质量发展、建设教育强国具有重大意义。教育家精神与大国工匠培养之间存在着内在耦合关系,蕴含着大国工匠培养的根本要求,契合着大国工匠培养的价值定位,引领着大国工匠培养的实践探索,为培养大国工匠提供了新的探索方向。当前,我国大国工匠培养存在着认知局限、机制不畅、生源不足和条件困境等诸多难题亟须破解。为此,应充分发挥教育家精神的独特作用,破解大国工匠培养难题,从理念重塑、机制创新、资源优质和过程优化等方面着力,以教育家精神深入推进大国工匠培养。

交通强国背景下路桥工程专业群大思政课体系构建研究

本文以交通强国国家战略为驱动,结合地方交通需求和专业培养目标,探讨了全周期阶梯式培养的“大思政课”体系内涵。以大学生全周期培养的视角,探析职业类院校路桥工程专业群大学生的阶梯性特征,从课堂教学体系、实践教学模式、课堂外育人环境和多维评价体系等4个方面进行讨论和探索,构建了目标明确、内容完善、运行合理、实施高效的贯穿全培养周期的“大思政课”体系,为交通运输类专业群课程思政的阶梯式推进提供理论借鉴。