Effects of Nitrogen Fertigation Rate on Protein Components in Grains and Processing Quality of Different Wheat Varieties

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of nitrogen fertigation rate on the protein components in grains and processing quality of different wheat varieties. [Method] Under the condition of higher soil fertility, different amounts of N-fertilizer were applied in the plots, and then the contents of total protein and its components, percentage of the component content to total protein content as well as the processing quality of grains of two strong-gluten wheat varieties （Linyou145 and Zhengmai9023） and two weak-gluten wheat varieties （Ningmai9 and Baofeng949） were determined. [Result] The contents of total protein and globulin, gliadin and glutenin were improved significantly with the increase of the N-fertilizer amount; but the content of albumin did not show remarkable increase; in addition, the percentage of each protein component was relative stable and did not increase significantly. Increase in the amount of N-fertilizer improved the sedimentation value, wet gluten content, loaf volume and loaf score, decreased the volume weight of grain. [Conclusion] This study provideed theoretical support for high-quality wheat production.

Pse-in-One 2.0: An Improved Package of Web Servers for Generating Various Modes of Pseudo Components of DNA, RNA, and Protein Sequences

Pse-in-One 2.0 is a package of web-servers evolved from Pse-in-One (Liu, B., Liu, F., Wang, X., Chen, J. Fang, L. & Chou, K.C. Nucleic Acids Research, 2015, 43:W65-W71). In order to make it more flexible and comprehensive as suggested by many users, the updated package has incorporated 23 new pseudo component modes as well as a series of new feature analysis approaches. It is available at http://bioinformatics.hitsz.edu.cn/Pse-in-One2.0/. Moreover, to maximize the convenience of users, provided is also the stand-alone version called “Pse-in-One-Analysis”, by which users can significantly speed up the analysis of massive sequences.

High Temperature During Rice Grain Filling Enhances Aspartate Metabolism in Grains and Results in Accumulation of AspartateFamily Amino Acids and Protein Components

Global warming causes the exacerbation of rice growing environment, which seriously affects rice growth and reproduction, and finally results in the decrease of rice yield and quality. We investigated the activities of aspartate metabolism enzymes in grains, and the contents of Aspartate-family amino acids and protein components to further understand the effects of high temperature （HT） on rice nutritional quality during rice grain filling. Under HT, the average activities of aspartate aminotransferase （AAT） and aspartokinase （AK） in grains significantly increased, the amino acid contents of aspartate （Asp）, lysine （Lys）, threonine （Thr）, methionine （Met） and isoleucine （lie） and the protein contents of albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin also significantly increased. The results indicated that HT enhanced Asp metabolism during rice grain filling and the enhancement of Asp metabolism might play an important role in the increase of Asp-family amino acids and protein components in grains. In case of the partial appraisal of the change of Asp-family amino acids and protein components under HT, we introduced eight indicators （amino acid or protein content, ratio of amino acid or protein, amino acid or protein content per grain and amino acid or protein content per panicle） to estimate the effects of HT. It is suggested that HT during rice grain filling was benefit for the accumulation of Asp-family amino acids and protein components. Combined with the improvement of Asp-family amino acid ratio in grains under HT, it is suggested that HT during grain filling may improve the rice nutritional quality. However, the yields of parts of Asp-family amino acids and protein components were decreased under HT during rice grain filling.

Structural components of the nuclear body in nuclei of Allium cepa cells

Nuclear bodies have long been noted in interphase nuclei of plant cells, but their structural component, origin and function are still unclear by now. The present work showed in onion cells the nuclear bodies appeared as a spherical structure about 0.3 to 0.8 microm in diameter. They possibly were formed in nucleolus and subsequently released, and entered into nucleoplasm. Observation through cytochemical staining method at the ultrastructural level confirmed that nuclear bodies consisted of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and silver-stainable proteins. Immunocytochemical results revealed that nuclear bodies contained no DNA and ribosomal gene transcription factor (UBF). Based on these data, we suggested that nuclear bodies are not related to the ribosome or other gene transcription activities, instead they may act as subnuclear structures for RNPs transport from nucleolus to cytoplasm, and may also be involved in splicing of pre-mRNAs.

Agronomic Trait and Protein Component of F_2 Hybrid Originated from Intergeneric Somatic Hybridization Between Triticum aestivum and Agropyron elongatum

Protoplasts derived from common wheat (Triticum aestivum L,. cv. Jinan 177) were fused with UV-treated protoplasts of Agropyron elongatum. (Host) Nevski by PEG method, and fertile asymmetric somatic hybrid plants resembling wheat morphology were obtained. The F-2 hybrid plants could be divided into 3 types according to their morphology. Type I hybrids had high and loosely standing stalks with big spikes and grains. Type ii hybrids were dwarf and compact in shape with high tillering ability and smaller spikes. Type III hybrids were similar to type I as a whole but had more compact and erect spikes. All the F-2 hybrid lines were superior to wheat in seed protein content, although some difference existed between themselves. Protein analysis of immature embryos and flag leaves from hybrids by two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that they possessed characteristic proteins of both parents and some new proteins. There existed also some different kinds of proteins in different lines.

Application of GFP Gene in the Study of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Plants

用合成的cry1Ac基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因 (GFP)构成融合蛋白基因 ,然后和改造的GNA基因构建双价抗虫基因植物表达载体pBGbfg ,经根癌农杆菌介导转化了烟草。在紫外灯照射下 ,观察到转基因植株叶片中有较强的绿色荧光 ;经抗虫试验、PCR、Southernblot和Westernblot等检测 ,表明该重组植物表达载体能够在转基因植物中有效表达外源基因 ,转基因植株绿色荧光的表型与其抗虫性密切相关。从而成功地建立了以绿色荧光蛋白基因与抗虫基因组成的融合基因转化系统 ,简化了抗虫转基因植物筛选程序 ,有助于快速获得双价抗虫转基因植株。

Recent progress of porcine milk components and mammary gland function

As the only nutritional source for newborn piglets,porcine colostrum and milk contain critical nutritional and immunological components including carbohydrates,lipids,and proteins(immunoglobulins).However,porcine milk composition is more complex than these three components.Recently,scientists identified additional and novel components of sow colostrum and milk,including exosomes,oligosaccharides,and bacteria,which possibly act as biological signals and modulate the intestinal environment and immune status in piglets and later in life.Evaluation of these nutritional and non-nutritional components in porcine milk will help better understand the nutritional and biological function of porcine colostrum and milk.Furthermore,some important functions of the porcine mammary gland have been reported in recent published literature.These preliminary studies hypothesized how glucose,amino acids,and fatty acids are transported from maternal blood to the porcine mammary gland for milk synthesis.Therefore,we summarized recent reports on sow milk composition and porcine mammary gland function in this review,with particular emphasis on macronutrient transfer and synthesis mechanisms,which might offer a possible approach for regulation of milk synthesis in the future.

AMPK-mTOR pathway is involved in glucose-modulated amino acid sensing and utilization in the mammary glands of lactating goats

Background:The local supply of energy-yielding nutrients such as glucose seems to affect the synthesis of milk components in the mammary gland(MG).Thus,our study was conducted to investigate the effects of locally available MG glucose supply(LMGS)on amino acid(AA)sensing and utilization in the MG of lactating dairy goats.Six dosages of glucose(0,20,40,60,80,and 100 g/d)were infused into the MG through the external pudendal artery to investigate the dose-dependent changes in mammary AA uptake and utilization(Exp.1)and the changes in mRNA and protein expression of the AMPK-mTOR pathway(Expt.2).Results:In Exp.1,total milk AA concentration was highest when goats were infused with 60 g/d glucose,but lower when goats were infused with 0 and 100 g/d glucose.Increasing LMGS quadratically changed the percentages ofαS2-casein andα-lactalbumin in milk protein,which increased with infusions from 0 to 60 g/d glucose and then decreased with infusions between 60 and 100 g/d glucose.The LMGS changed the AA availability and intramammary gland AA utilization,as reflected by the mammary AA flux indexes.In Exp.2,the mRNA expression of LALBA in the MG increased quadratically with increasing LMGS,with the highest expression at dose of 60 g/d glucose.A high glucose dosage(100 g/d)activated the general control nonderepressible 2 kinase,an intracellular sensor of AA status,resulting in a reduced total milk AA concentration.Conclusions:Our new findings suggest that the lactating MG in dairy goats may be affected by LMGS through regulation of the AA sensory pathway,AA utilization and protein synthesis,all being driven by the AMPK-mTOR pathway.

Detection of Telomerase Activity and the Expression of Telomerase Subunits in the Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia

Telomerase activity and the expression of telomerase subunits (for example, telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase associated protein 1 and telomerase RNA component) of peripheral white blood cells were detected in the patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and the correlation between telomerase activity and the expression of telomerase subunits was observed. In 94 peripheral white blood cells from 18 healthy volunteers and 76 patients with AML, including 31 AML at initial presentation, 24 at relapse and 21 at complete remission, the telomerase activity and telomerase subunits mRNA or RNA were detected by PCR ELISA and RT PCR respectively. The results showed that the positive rate of telomerase from patients with AML at initial presentation, at relapse and at complete remission was 74.1 %, 79.2 % and 4.8 % respectively. The positive rate of telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA from healthy volunteers, AML at initial presentation, AML at relapse and AML at complete remission was 5.6 %, 80.6 %, 83.3 % and 9.5 % respectively. The positive rate of telomerase associated protein 1 mRNA and telomerase RNA component in all samples were 100 %. It was suggested that the up regulation of telomerase activity and the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase is correlated closely with the occurrence and relapse of AML, so telomerase activity and the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase may be used to estimate the curative effect and predict relapse of AML. Moreover, the up regulation of telomerase activity is correlated with the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase significantly.

Chemometrics of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer patients

AIM:To evaluate the usefulness of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues for differentiating cancer and normal tissues.METHODS:A Proteomic approach was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins between CRC and normal tissues.The proteins were extracted using Tris buffer and thiourea lysis buffer (TLB) for extraction of aqueous soluble and membrane-associated proteins,respectively.Chemometrics,namely principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA),were used to assess the usefulness of these proteins for identifying the cancerous state of tissues.RESULTS:Differentially expressed proteins identified were 37 aqueous soluble proteins in Tris extracts and 24 membrane-associated proteins in TLB extracts.Based on the protein spots intensity on 2D-gel images,PCA by applying an eigenvalue > 1 was successfully used to reduce the number of principal components (PCs) into 12 and seven PCs for Tris and TLB extracts,respectively,and subsequently six PCs,respectively from both the extracts were used for LDA.The LDA classification for Tris extract showed 82.7% of original samples were correctly classified,whereas 82.7% were correctly classified for the cross-validated samples.The LDA for TLB extract showed that 78.8% of original samples and 71.2% of the cross-validated samples were correctly classified.CONCLUSION:The classification of CRC tissues by PCA and LDA provided a promising distinction between normal and cancer types.These methods can possibly be used for identification of potential biomarkers among the differentially expressed proteins identified.

Gene and protein expression profiles of olfactory ensheathing cells from olfactory bulb versus olfactory mucosa

Olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs) from the olfactory bulb(OB) and the olfactory mucosa(OM) have the capacity to repair nerve injury. However, the difference in the therapeutic effect between OB-derived OECs and OM-derived OECs remains unclear. In this study, we extracted OECs from OB and OM and compared the gene and protein expression profiles of the cells using transcriptomics and non-quantitative proteomics techniques. The results revealed that both OB-derived OECs and OM-derived OECs highly expressed genes and proteins that regulate cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and vascular endothelial cell regeneration. The differentially expressed genes and proteins of OB-derived OECs play a key role in regulation of nerve regeneration and axon regeneration and extension, transmission of nerve impulses and response to axon injury. The differentially expressed genes and proteins of OM-derived OECs mainly participate in the positive regulation of inflammatory response, defense response, cytokine binding, cell migration and wound healing. These findings suggest that differentially expressed genes and proteins may explain why OB-derived OECs and OM-derived OECs exhibit different therapeutic roles. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University(approval No. 2017-073) on February 13, 2017.

CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLECULAR MASS OF SIX WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDE -PROTEIN COMPLEXES FROM GANODERMA TSUGAE MYCELIUM

Six water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complexes coded as GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GM5 and GM6 wereisolated from the mycelium of Ganoderma tsugae by extracting with 0.2 mol/L phosphate buffer solution at 25, 40 and80℃, water at 120℃, 0.5 mol/L aqueous NaOH solution at 25 and 65℃, consecutively. Their chemical components wereanalyzed by using IR, GC, HPLC and ^(13)C-NMR, and some new results were obtained. The four samples GM1, GM2, GM3and GM4 are heteropolysaccharide-prote in complexes, in which, α- (1→3) linked D-glucose is the major monosaccharidewhile galactose, mannose and ribose are the secondary ones. GM5 and GM6 are β-(1→3)-D-glucan-protein complexes. Theprotein content increased from 32% to 69% with the progress of isolation. Weight-average molecu1ar mass M_w and theintrinsic viscosity [η] of the GM samples in 0.5 mol/L aqueous NaCl solution at 25℃ were measured systematically by laserlight scartering (LLS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with LLS, and viscometry. The M_w of GM1 to GM6are 35.5, 46.8, 58.9, 41.6, 3.3 and 22.0×10~4, respectively. The conformation and molecular mass of the two fractions of sample GM5 were characterized satisfactorily by SEC-LLS without further fractionation.

莲子酶解动力学分析与酶解产物多糖的表征

为开发更温和与简便的高纯度植物多糖新型酶法水解提取工艺,该研究以胃蛋白酶(内肽酶)和曲蛋白酶(端肽酶)作为复合酶,建立酶解过程的动力学模型。对上述工艺所提取制备的多糖与45℃水提法、90℃水提法、胃蛋白酶提取法所制得的莲子多糖进行营养成分分析与结构(单糖组成、红外光谱、热特性、低场核磁和动态热机械)表征。构建单酶(胃蛋白酶)/双酶分段酶解的动力学模型;双酶法提取的莲子多糖中多酚浓度((0.42±0.008)mg/mL)和糖醛酸含量(15.65%±0.98%)最高,而以双酶法制得的莲子多糖蛋白质含量(0.73%±0.24%)最低;4种莲子多糖均含有葡萄糖(Glc)、阿拉伯糖(Arab)、甘露糖(Man)和鼠李糖(Rha),其中双酶法提取的多糖中半乳糖醛酸(Gal-UA)和Man的含量较多,分别为10.700%和10.752%;4种多糖均为α-型吡喃糖;双酶提取法相比水提法可有效降低莲子多糖中的蛋白质含量和玻璃化温度,提高结合水含量和亲水能力。酶解动力学模型可为莲子多糖纯化机制提供有效参考,尤其是双酶分段酶解法的特异性强、步骤简便,有利于提取和纯化莲子多糖成分,该研究可为动植物非淀粉类多糖的高质量提取和工业化生产提供理论基础。

小麦面筋蛋白遗传特性综合评价

本研究对44个小麦品种的19个面筋蛋白性状进行分析,运用主成分分析、相关性分析、隶属函数法和逐步回归等方法对面筋蛋白品质进行综合评价。结果表明:二硫键含量变幅为3.28~6.78μmol/g,巯基含量的变幅为13.30~16.66μmol/g。面筋蛋白性状变异范围在4.74%~89.46%,其中稳定时间、粉质质量指数等变异系数较大,表明蛋白质量性状的变异潜力较丰富。主成分分析将19个蛋白性状转换为3个综合因子,贡献率分别为40.80%、19.86%和15.88%,累计贡献率达到76.54%,可以很好地将面筋蛋白归为质量性状、聚集性状和数量性状3类。利用隶属函数法计算面筋蛋白综合评价值(D值),主成分因子中载荷较大的12个性状的平均值与D值均呈显著正相关。通过逐步回归建立了7个性状(二硫键含量、麦谷蛋白大聚体含量、蛋白质含量、干面筋含量、面筋指数、拉伸面积和最大峰值时间)作为自变量的回归方程。面包品质评价指标与D值之间具有较好的线性关系,决定系数R2在0.5614~0.7713之间,验证了D值的准确性和可行性。结论:不同筋力小麦面筋蛋白存在较丰富的变异潜力;采用多元统计分析方法综合评价面筋蛋白品质具有可行性;面筋蛋白的量与质以及面筋网络中二硫键的含量可作为小麦品质评价和改良的关键指标。

粳稻资源蛋白质组分及其与稻米品质性状的关联研究

以适应辽宁省熟期且外观与加工品质符合育种目标的92份特异性粳稻资源为试材,分析其蛋白质组分与淀粉组分含量变异特点,以及这些组分与其他胚乳性状的关系。继而选择峰值黏度和崩解值高、回冷值低的16份材料作为食味优良材料,进一步研究了蛋白组分、淀粉组分与稻米食味的关系。结果表明,所研究的粳稻资源在蛋白质组分和淀粉组分变异丰富。其中,清蛋白含量高的品种AAC和Fb_(3)较低,而Fa和Fb_(1)+Fb_(2)较高。清蛋白与峰值黏度、最低黏度、崩解值、终值黏度、回冷值均呈现极显著负相关。对于优良食味品种,谷蛋白含量与食味值、外观、黏度、平衡度呈显著或极显著负相关关系,与硬度呈显著正相关。由此发现,所研究的品种资源中,存在丰富的蛋白质组分及淀粉成分变异,且清蛋白对优良食味有促进作用,而谷蛋白含量则可能增加米饭硬度,降低米饭平衡度,从而劣化米饭食味。此外,崩解值和回冷值可作为预测米饭食味品质的有效指标。

施用有机肥和秸秆还田对旱地玉-麦二熟体系作物产量、品质和化肥效率的影响

为探明施用商品有机肥和秸秆还田对旱地夏玉米-冬小麦二熟体系作物产量、品质和肥料利用效率的影响,于2015—2020年度设置不施肥+秸秆不还田(CK)、施氮磷肥+秸秆不还田(NP)、施氮磷肥+秸秆不还田+商品有机肥(NPO)和施氮磷肥+秸秆还田(NPS)4个处理进行田间试验,测定并分析作物产量、氮磷肥农学效率、籽粒养分含量、蛋白质含量以及冬小麦籽粒中蛋白质组分含量。结果表明:(1)与NP和NPO处理相比,NPS处理夏玉米5 a平均产量分别显著提高21.33%和20.77%,周年产量分别显著提高9.99%和13.43%,但3个施肥处理间小麦产量差异不显著。(2)施用商品有机肥和秸秆还田对夏玉米、冬小麦的籽粒品质均有显著影响。与NP处理相比,NPO处理冬小麦籽粒各蛋白质组分含量提高5.69%~8.28%;NPS处理冬小麦籽粒氮含量、钾含量和各蛋白质组分含量分别提高4.68%、3.96%和7.75%~11.38%。相较于NPO处理,NPS处理冬小麦籽粒钾含量、谷蛋白含量、贮藏蛋白含量和谷醇比分别显著提高14.41%、9.86%、5.39%和9.65%,夏玉米籽粒蛋白质含量、产量和籽粒氮、籽粒磷含量以及周年蛋白质产量分别显著提高6.45%、28.89%、6.40%、23.08%和10.43%。(3)相较于NP和NPO处理,NPS处理夏玉米氮肥的农学效率分别提高118.35%和113.25%,周年氮、磷肥农学效率分别提高42.83%和64.36%、42.86%和64.27%,但3个施肥处理间冬小麦氮肥、磷肥农学效率5 a均值无显著差异。综合来看,长期施用商品有机肥和秸秆还田可改善冬小麦籽粒中的蛋白质组分特性,秸秆还田还能增加夏玉米籽粒钾含量和冬小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量,秸秆还田较施用商品有机肥更利于提高旱地玉-麦二熟区作物产量、品质和肥料利用效率。综上所述,施氮磷肥+秸秆还田的管理模式更适宜在旱地玉-麦二熟区进行推广。

近红外光谱技术对花生蛋白组分与亚基的高通量模型建立

花生是一种优质植物蛋白资源,花生蛋白组分与亚基含量显著影响其功能特性,决定了其在食品领域的应用范围,花生蛋白主要包括花生球蛋白和伴花生球蛋白,其中花生球蛋白包含4个亚基(40.5、37.5、35.5和23.5 kDa),伴花生球蛋白Ⅰ包含3个亚基(15.5、17和18 kDa),伴花生球蛋白Ⅱ只含有1个61 kDa亚基。为了实现花生蛋白主要组分及亚基的快速无损、高通量、高灵敏度检测,以全国145份优质花生样品为研究对象,首先采用便携式近红外花生品质速测仪,在900~1700 nm波长范围内对不同花生样品进行光谱采集,再采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定了花生蛋白组分与亚基含量,花生球蛋白的亚基含量在44.3%~67.3%之间;伴花生球蛋白亚基含量在35.2%~55.7%之间;61 kDa亚基含量在13.5%~25.3%之间;40.5 kDa亚基含量在6.8%~16.0%之间;37.5 kDa亚基含量在6.9%~17.4%之间;35.5 kDa亚基含量在5.7%~19.2%之间;23.5 kDa亚基含量在18.7%~27.4%之间;18 kDa亚基含量在5.9%~11.7%之间;17 kDa亚基含量在6.9%~13.6%之间;15.5 kDa亚基含量在4.5%~11.9%之间,分别对比归一化(Normalize)、一阶导数(FD)和二阶导数处理(SD)、基线校准(Baseline)、去趋势(Detrend)、多元散射校正(MSC)和数据元素解析处理(Deresolve)这7种光谱预处理方法,结合主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法(PLSR),优化了2个蛋白组分和2个亚基(花生球蛋白、伴花生球蛋白、37.5和23.5 kDa)的近红外光谱模型,构建了6个亚基(61、40.5、35.5、18、17和15.5 kDa)的近红外光谱模型,实现了对上述10个指标的同步检测。结果表明,确定最优预处理方式后建立的模型校正集相关系数(R_(cal))为0.90~0.96,校正均方根误差(SEC)为0.25%~1.27%;预测集相关系数(R_(cp))为0.76~0.96,预测均方根误差(SEP)为0.50%~1.81%,具有很好的预测能力,可用于花生品种蛋白组分与亚基含量的快速检测,为花生蛋白品质的快速评价提供了新方法。

凯氏定氮法与杜马斯燃烧法检测三氯乙酸沉淀大豆和小麦蛋白中蛋白氮含量研究

目的检验尿素干扰下三氯乙酸沉淀分离大豆和小麦蛋白质的效果。方法本研究以牛奶、大豆蛋白、小麦水溶性组分为参试样品,分别在去离子水、尿素溶液2种溶液体系下分散样品,参考国家标准采用三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白氮,2种蛋白检测方法(凯氏定氮法、杜马斯燃烧法)检测氮含量,并计算氮检测回收率评估三氯乙酸对大豆蛋白、小麦水溶性组分等植物性蛋白的适用性。结果去离子水(无外源氮)分散的上清液经三氯乙酸沉淀,凯氏定氮法和杜马斯燃烧法检测牛奶的回收率分别为114%、101%,大豆的回收率分别为96%、98%,小麦的回收率分别为104%、105%。尿素溶液(有外源氮)分散的上清液经三氯乙酸沉淀,牛奶的回收率分别为99%、94%,大豆的回收率分别为95%、92%,小麦的回收率分别为101%、92%。结论有无尿素干扰时,三氯乙酸均可以沉淀大豆蛋白、小麦水溶性组分中蛋白氮,并可以采用凯氏定氮法、杜马斯燃烧法检测,回收率较好。

炮制对黄精蛋白氨基酸组成及营养价值的影响

该文以黄精生品和炮制品为研究对象进行蛋白质氨基酸的组成分析,利用主成分分析、聚类分析和t检验对样品中氨基酸组成进行差异分析;以联合国粮食与农业组织/世界卫生组织的氨基酸参考模式等为评价标准对黄精生品及炮制品进行蛋白质营养评价。结果表明,炮制前后黄精中均含有17种氨基酸,以鲜味氨基酸(谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸)含量最高,并含丰富的药效氨基酸、必需氨基酸、支链氨基酸等,是黄精提升菜品鲜美味觉和改善身体机能的重要营养物质。主成分分析和聚类分析均能将样品分为炮制品和非炮制品两类,表明炮制对黄精的蛋白氨基酸组成有着较大影响;与非炮制品相比,炮制品中丝氨酸、胱氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸显著降低,而蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸和甘氨酸显著升高;功能性氨基酸则没有显著性变化,但必需氨基酸等均呈现显著升高,提示炮制后不仅能维持黄精的药效作用,还有助于其营养价值的提升。蛋白质营养评价结果显示,生品和炮制品的第一限制氨基酸分别为异亮氨酸和赖氨酸,且蛋白质营养价值大小比较为炮制品>生品,表明炮制加工有助于提升黄精的营养价值。