The Tension Cosmology, Largest Cosmic Structures and Explosions of Supernovae from SST

Here, using the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST) we explain the cosmological tension and the origin of the largest cosmic structures. We show that a change in value of strong coupling constant for cold baryonic matter leads to the disagreement in the galaxy clustering amplitude, quantified by the parameter S8. Within the same model we described the Hubble tension. We described also the mechanism that transforms the gravitational collapse into an explosion—it concerns the dynamics of virtual fields that lead to dark energy. Our calculations concern the Type Ia supernovae and the core-collapse supernovae. We calculated the quantized masses of the progenitors of supernovae, emitted total energy during explosion, and we calculated how much of the released energy was transferred to neutrinos. Value of the speed of sound in the strongly interacting matter measured at the LHC confirms that presented here model is correct. Our calculations show that the Universe is cyclic.

ON THE EVOLUTION OF LARGE SCALE STRUCTURES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL MIXING LAYERS

In this paper, several mathematical models for the large scale structures in some special kinds of mixing layers, which might be practically useful for enhancing the mixing, are proposed. First, the linear growth rate of the large scale structures in the mixing layers was calculated. Then, using the much improved weakly non-linear theory, combined with the energy method, the non-linear evolution of large scale structures in two special mixing layer configurations is calculated. One of the mixing lavers has equal magnitudes of the upstream velocity vectors, while the angles between the velocity vectors and the trailing edge were pi /2 - phi and pi /2 + phi, respectively. The other mixing layer was generated by a splitter-plate with a 45-degree-sweep trailing edge.

Nonlinear density fluctuation field theory for large scale structure

We develop an effective field theory of density fluctuations for a Newtonian self-gravitating N-body system in quasi-equilibrium and apply it to a homogeneous universe with small density fluctuations. Keeping the density fluctuations up to second or- der, we obtain the nonlinear field equation of 2-pt correlation ξ（r）, which contains 3-pt correlation and formal ultra-violet divergences. By the Groth-Peebles hierarchical ansatz and mass renormalization, the equation becomes closed with two new terms beyond the Gaussian approximation, and their coefficients are taken as parameters. The analytic solution is obtained in terms of the hypergeometric functions, which is checked numerically. With one single set of two fixed parameters, the correlation ξ（r） and the corresponding power spectrum P（k） simultaneously match the results from all the major surveys, such as APM, SDSS, 2dfGRS, and REFLEX. The model gives a unifying understanding of several seemingly unrelated features of large scale structure from a field-theoretical perspective. The theory is worth extending to study the evolution effects in an expanding universe.

Observational Features of Large-Scale Structures as Revealed by the Catastrophe Model of Solar Eruptions

Large-scale magnetic structures are the main carrier of major eruptions in the solar atmosphere. These structures are rooted in the photosphere and are driven by the unceasing motion of the photospheric material through a series of equilibrium configurations. The motion brings energy into the coronal magnetic field until the system ceases to be in equilibrium. The catastrophe theory for solar eruptions indicates that loss of mechanical equilibrium constitutes the main trigger mechanism of major eruptions, usually shown up as solar flares, eruptive prominences, and coronal mass ejections （CMEs）. Magnetic reconnection which takes place at the very beginning of the eruption as a result of plasma instabilities/turbulence inside the current sheet, converts magnetic energy into heating and kinetic energy that are responsible for solar flares, and for accelerating both plasma ejecta （flows and CMEs） and energetic particles. Various manifestations are thus related to one another, and the physics behind these relationships is catastrophe and magnetic reconnection. This work reports on recent progress in both theoretical research and observations on eruptive phenomena showing the above manifestations. We start by displaying the properties of large-scale structures in the corona and the related magnetic fields prior to an eruption, and show various morphological features of the disrupting magnetic fields. Then, in the framework of the catastrophe theory, we look into the physics behind those features investigated in a succession of previous works, and discuss the approaches they used.

Regional Structure and Spatial Morphology Characteristics of Oasis Urban Agglomeration in Arid Area——A Case of Urban Agglomeration in Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains,Northwest China

It is great important to the health development of urban agglomeration to correctly understand the formation and development law of regional structure of urban agglomeration.Employing the analysis methods like fractal theory and quantitative statistics,coupling with the use of remote sensing images and other spatial data,this article discusses the urban agglomeration of oasis on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in an arid area,and conducts the researches on its city scale,spatial distribution and individual form from 1990 to 2005.The result shows that it has loose hierarchical scale structure and polarization trend of population distribution while its hierarchical scale structure tends to mature.Under the influence of natural conditions,the spatial layout of urban agglomeration of oasis has macro characteristics that suggest cities distributed along oasis edges(dense or sparse),spatially expand along rivers,and cluster around traffic branches.The connectivity among the cities is high and shows an internal organization form of a banding distribution.The whole spatial shape of the internal structure of cities presents a "dumbbell" form,with mononuclear phenomenon receding and multi-nuclear appearing gradually.Individual cities spatially expand along rivers,portraying a long strip appearance.It indicates that the urban agglomeration of oasis shows regular and close structure but with a tendency to be complicated form and the loose structure.In the development of urban agglomeration,the authors recommend that the development of the city with good economic development conditions should be strengthened,and more attention be put into regional planning.

Estimating the power spectrum of a discrete cosmic momentum field with fast Fourier transform

Fast Fourier transform based estimators are formulated for measuring momentum power spectra,including the auto power spectra of the momentum,the momentum divergence,and the cross spectrum of density fluctuation and momentum divergence.Algorithms using the third order Bettle-Lemariéscaling function to assign discrete objects to regular grids for fast Fourier transform are proposed to clean alias effects.Numerical experiments prove that the implementation can achieve sub-percent precision till close to the Nyquist frequency.The impact of removing bulk flow on the estimation of momentum power spectra is derived theoretically and verified numerically.Subtracting bulk flow has little effects at large scales but might induce meaningful differences in nonlinear regime,and probably it is not necessary to subtract bulk flow for samples which peculiar velocities are exact or sufficiently accurate.Momentum power spectra of dark matter samples from N-body simulation are measured and discussed.As expected,the prediction of the one loop Eulerian perturbation theory agrees with simulation only slightly better than the linear theory at z=0,but can be applied to higher redshift with improved accuracy.Measurements of simulation data and the one loop Eulerian theory both reveal that the momentum field contains strong rotational part,and there is a large stochastic component in the divergence of momentum which is not correlated with the density field.The three kinds of momentum power spectra have their own characteristics.

Alignment between galaxies and large-scale structure

Based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR6 （SDSS） and the ＇Millennium Simulation （MS）, we investigate the alignment between galaxies and large-scale structure. For this purpose, we develop two new statistical tools, namely the alignment correlation function and the cos（20）-statistic. The former is a two-dimensional extension of the traditional two-point correlation function and the latter is related to the ellipticity correlation function used for cosmic shear measurements. Both are based on the cross correlation between a sample of galaxies with orientations and a reference sample which represents the large-scale structure. We apply the new statistics to the SDSS galaxy catalog. The alignment correlation function reveals an overabundance of reference galaxies along the major axes of red, luminous （L 〉 ～L＊） galaxies out to projected separations of 60 h-lMpc. The signal increases with central galaxy luminosity. No alignment signal is detected for blue galaxies. The cos（2θ）-statistic yields very similar results. Starting from a MS semi-analytic galaxy catalog, we assign an orientation to each red, luminous and central galaxy, based on that of the central region of the host halo （with size similar to that of the stellar galaxy）. As an alternative, we use the orientation of the host halo itself. We find a mean projected misalignment between a halo and its central region of -25°. The misalignment decreases slightly with increasing luminosity of the central galaxy. Using the orientations and luminosities of the semi-analytic galaxies, we repeat our alignment analysis on mock surveys of the MS. Agreement with the SDSS results is good if the central orientations are used. Predictions using the halo orientations as proxies for cen- tral galaxy orientations overestimate the observed alignment by more than a factor of 2. Finally, the large volume of the MS allows us to generate a two-dimensional map of the alignment correlation function, which shows the reference galaxy distribution to be flat- tened parallel to the orientations of red luminous galaxies with axis ratios of -0.5 and ,-0.75 for halo and central orientations, respectively. These ratios are almost independent of scale out to 60 h^-1 Mpc.

Solutions for a class of Hamiltonian systems on time scales with non-local boundary conditions

In this work,the solvability of a class of second-order Hamiltonian systems on time scales is generalized to non-local boundary conditions.The measurements obtained by non-local conditions are more accurate than those given by local conditions in some problems.Compared with the known results,this work establishes the variational structure in an appropriate Sobolev’s space.Then,by applying the mountain pass theorem and symmetric mountain pass theorem,the existence and multiplicity of the solutions are obtained.Finally,some examples with numerical simulation results are given to illustrate the correctness of the results obtained.

EB XML Modeler and SMART XML Storage Theory

Current electronic business activities involve a vast number of trading partners and different electronic documents.Usually different enterprises use different document formats.This is the well-understood problem of the lack of information interoperability between applications in the e-business arena.It is required to construct an enterprise information model to harmonize different system data structures into a unified data structure.The purpose of this paper is to develop an E-Business information modeler,which will be a good tool to exchange the information between different business enterprises.This is a new approach to the well-understood problem of the lack of information interoperability between applications in the e-business arena.It will be a more flexible and interoperable way of standardizing Business Semantics.During the transformation,SMART theory is widely used in our system.SMART is meta-model to formally specify information structures in object orientation.It provides an object-oriented environment to express the canonical information model with one semantic structure,that is,class.SMART consists of a collection of views:there is a core view which we called canonical view,and also there are many different kinds of views around the core view.We can transform the core view to the around view as we need.

The Feasibility of Constraining Dark Energy Using LAMOST Redshift Survey

We consider using future redshift surveys with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope （LAMOST） to constrain the equation of state of dark energy w. We analyze the Alcock ＆ Paczynski （AP） effect imprinted on the two-point correlation function of galaxies in redshift space. The Fisher matrix analysis is applied to estimate the expected error bounds of w0 and wα from galaxy redshift surveys, w0 and wα being the two parameters in the equation of state parametrization w（z） = w0 ＋ wαz/（1 ＋ z）. Strong degeneracies between w0 and wα are found. The direction of the degeneracy in w0 - wα plane, however, rotates counter-clockwise as the redshift increases. LAMOST can potentially contribute in the redshift range up to 0.5. In combination with other high redshift surveys, such as the proposed Kilo-Aperture Optical Spectrograph project （KAOS）, the joint constraint derived from galaxy surveys at different redshift ranges is likely to efficiently break the degeneracy of w0 and wα. We do not anticipate that the nature of dark energy can be well constrained with LAMOST alone, but it may help to reduce the error bounds expected from other observations, such as the Supernova/Acceleration Probe （SNAP）.

过渡理论视域下俄语动词“идти”的语法化过程及其语用效果分析

语法化是语言发展过程中的普遍现象。本文以俄语动词“идти”为例,基于《大俄汉词典》对“идти”的释义,结合Бабайцева的过渡理论深入分析该动词的语义演变及语法化过程,关注其语法化路径及其语用效果,揭示俄语动词在语义演变、语法化形成路径、语法化构式及语用效果等方面的普遍规律,为俄语词汇语法化研究提供研究思路和研究范式,同时为俄语教学、翻译及词典编纂提供参考与借鉴。

基于比例池化的RGB图像语义分割网络

针对传统的金字塔多级特征融合算法进行语义分割时存在的特征图有效信息弱和噪声叠加效应等问题,提出一种基于比例池化的混合注意力机制。首先在主干网络特征输出处引入比例池化注意力模块对输入特征图进行不同程度的语义信息抽取和特征降噪,突出特征图有效特征信息占比,随后将不同内核的池化结果作为级联金字塔结构的输入特征,对降噪后的多尺度特征进行融合,平滑图像噪声实现特征二次降噪和小目标物体语义信息增强。实验在Pascal VOC 2012数据集上验证了该方法在分割领域上的有效性,并采用平均像素准确率(mPA)和平均交并比(mIoU)作为模型的性能评估指标。实验结果表明,基于比例池化的金字塔网络在mPA和mIoU上达到了90.19%和79.92%,优于对比的语义分割方法。

一种基于图论理论的大尺度连续变形机构构型综合分析方法

针对航空航天领域大尺度连续变形机构构型问题,提出了一种基于图论理论的大尺度连续变形机构构型综合分析方法。首先,分析了大尺度连续变形机构的组成与基本功能,获得了满足机构拓扑结构、约束条件的要求,对变形机构运动链进行了分析,得到了符合条件的运动链,并对其进行了数学描述;其次,选择并分析了运动链的拓扑对称性,利用特征数组的方法得到了判别矩阵,对运动链进行了同构判别,从而得到了可行的多种运动链形式;再次,建立了各运动链的拓扑图,通过筛选得到了最终的拓扑图,去掉该拓扑图的各个构件,得到了拓扑变换子图和相对应的邻接矩阵,对拓扑图进行了同构判别,再通过改变机架与移动副的位置得到了满足要求的12种构型,画出了其相应的机构拓扑图和机构简图;最后,考虑了大尺度连续变形机构的整体稳定性,避免了尺寸过大等因素,对大尺度变形机构进行了构型优选,得到了符合要求的多种新构型。研究结果表明:该方法能够将大尺度连续变形机构抽象为图形式,获得了22种构型,可根据机构变形要求的不同,改变优选依据,从而得到符合不同要求的构型。

制造企业数智化能力:维度探索与量表开发

随着数智技术的飞速发展,数智化转型已成为数字经济时代制造企业发展的必然选择。数智化推动制造企业重构竞争优势,数智化能力成为制造企业创新发展的关键驱动力。然而,部分制造企业在转型过程中陷入“不转型等死、转型找死”的两难困境,数智化能力建设缺乏方向指引,亟待对数智化能力的内涵和构面进行深入研究。在文献分析和扎根理论的基础上,基于动态资源基础观,归纳并提取企业数智化能力构成维度,包括生产智造能力、数智化运营能力和数智连接能力,开发各维度测量量表,利用SPSS和Amos软件对290份有效问卷进行实证检验,结果表明开发的数智化能力测量量表信效度较高。研究结论有助于加深对数智化能力这一概念构成的理解,为数智化能力水平测度提供有效的量化分析工具。

基于改进Swin Transformer的遥感图像语义分割方法

在高分辨率的遥感图像中提取出准确的地物信息对城市规划以及土地资源利用有重要作用。然而,遥感图像具有目标物体之间尺度差异大,背景复杂等特点,易导致提取结果不准确,特别是对小尺度地物的提取精度较低。为了解决这些问题,提出一种新型双编码结构,充分获取全局语义信息以及空间细节信息,分阶段融合不同尺度的特征信息,增强特征表示能力。构造了特征加强模块(FEM),以减少下采样中细节信息的丢失,关注更多小尺度特征。为了更好地细化特征信息,融合了通道注意力和内核注意力后进行上采样,能够将局部特征与对应的全局空间依赖关系整合,提升目标物体的分割精度。在Potsdam数据集和Vaihingen数据集上的mIoU分别为86.1%和82.4%,与流行的语义分割模型进行对比分析,结果表明,该方法能够有效解决遥感图像中小尺度物体分割不准确的问题,适合处理遥感图像语义分割任务。

复合材料层合板壳结构分析理论研究进展

复合材料已经广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、船舶、能源等众多工程领域,成为现代轻质高性能结构设计的核心材料,但其独特的复杂性给传统分析理论带来了前所未有的挑战。为了进一步发挥复合材料结构的优势,迫切需要发展先进的力学分析方法。系统梳理复合材料层合板壳结构分析理论的研究现状,重点介绍和评述几类代表性的分析理论,包括剪切变形理论、逐层理论、扩展逐层理论、状态空间理论以及多尺度分析方法,分析其在克服复合材料结构复杂性方面的作用和局限性。同时,系统总结了加筋和夹芯复合材料结构的建模方法研究进展。在此基础上,凝练了复合材料层合板壳力学在非线性、多尺度、多物理场耦合等方面面临的关键科学问题,并对今后的重点发展方向进行了展望。研究表明,发展三维精确化逐层理论、融合数据驱动计算力学与层合理论、构建跨尺度多物理场分析方法等将是未来复合材料层合板壳力学的研究热点,多种理论方法的融合与创新将是攻克复杂问题的有效途径。

Probing the Missing Baryons via kSZ Stacking

Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel＇dovich （kSZ） stacking has great potential to become a powerful probe of missing baryons, due to advances in CMB experiments and galaxy surveys. In this paper, we study kSZ stacking in hydrodynamic simulations with different gastrophysics. We quantify the kSZ stacking signal as a function of halo mass, redshift and projection depth. We compare between different simulations to estimate the impact of gastrophysics such as cooling and supernova feedback. Furthermore, we measure the contribution from warm-hot intergalactic medium （WHIM）, which is believed to be the reservoir for most, if not all, missing baryons. We find that the WHIM contribution is significant, at the level of ~ 10%-70%, depending on the angular separation from the stacked halos and other factors. However, contribution from the intracluster medium along the line of sight is in general non-negligible. This complexity requires more detailed and comprehensive analysis on probing the missing baryons with kSZ stacking.

Mass-Temperature Relation of X-ray Clusters in Triaxial Halo

We investigate the mass-temperature relation of clusters for both the spherical NFW halo model and a concentric triaxial halo model. We study the temperature and density distributions of both an isothermal and a polytropic intra-cluster gas in hydrostatic equilibrium. We find that both the uncertainties in the concentration parameter and in the eccentricities (in case of the triaxial halo) lead to a greater scatter in the emission-weighted temperature at a given halo mass for less massive clusters. This may be helpful when determining the intrinsic statistical error of the σ8 normalization of the linear power spectrum from cluster abundance.

Pairwise Velocity Statistics of Dark Halos

We have accurately evaluated the halo pairwise velocity dispersion and the halo mean streaming velocity in the LCDM model (the fiat ω0 = 0.3 model) using a set of high-resolution N-body simulations. Based on the simulation results, we have developed a model for the pairwise velocity dispersion of halos. Our model agrees with the simulation results over all scales we studied. We have also tested the model of Sheth et al. for the mean streaming motion of halos derived from the pair-conservation equation. We found that their model reproduces the simulation data very well on large scale, but under-predicts the streaming motion on scales r < 10 h-1 Mpc. We have introduced an empirical relation to improve their model. These improved models are useful for predicting the redshift correlation functions and the redshift power spectrum of galaxies if the halo occupation number model, e.g. the cluster weighted model, is given for the galaxies.

复合材料/结构两尺度动力学拓扑优化设计

基于均匀化理论,建立以结构第一阶固有频率最大为目标的宏/微观结构构型与材料分布的两尺度动力学拓扑优化模型,推导目标函数和约束函数对宏/微观设计变量的灵敏度,研究两尺度动力学拓扑优化方法。另外,采用一个修正固体各向同性材料惩罚(SIMP)模型避免局部模态现象。相关数值算例说明,该方法可以有效实现结构基频最大化的材料/结构两尺度动力学拓扑优化设计。此外,通过算例研究复合材料的弹性模量对优化结果的影响规律。