Regulations on the Management of the Qualification to Engage in the Business Operations concerning Shares Owned by Foreign Investors

With a view to standardizing the business operationsrelating to foreign investment of domestic and overseas secu-rities organizations and protecting the legitimate rights andinterests of investors,the China Security Regulatory Commis-sion has promulgated the Provisional Regulations on theManagement of the Qualification of Domestic and OverseasSecurities Organizations to Engage in the Business Opera-tions concerning Shares Owned by Foreign Investors.TheseRegulations enter into force on December 1.1996.The wholetext is as follows:Chapter 1 General PrinciplesArticle 1 With a view to standardizing the businessoperations of domestic and overseas securities organizationswhich relate to shares owned by foreign investors and pro-

Game analysis of control right of state-owned shares under the background of the mixed ownership

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the concept of the mixed ownership economy has received extensive attention from all sectors of society, which has effect on a coming new round of reformation on enterprise property. However, in order to take control of the state-owned shares in the end making the state ownership economy become the principal position and to enlarge the scale of state-owned shares, which guides the common development with the non-public sectors of the economy, how to determine the proportion of state-owned shares? Under the background of the mixed ownership reformation, the article explains the mixed ownership by explaining how to enlarge the state-owned assets controlling scale and how to improve the stateowned company 'economic effi ciency and how to protect the interests of small shareholders. The final conclusion is that the SASAC should use the thinking of relative holdings, instead of the absolute control thinking, and should make use of the games among the large shareholders and the pyramidal ownership structure to make the pattern of ownership diversify.

Effect of state-owned shares transferred to the pension insurance fund

Theory and practice of full social security funds have been more concerned about the Chinese enterprise reform in particular lack of social security funds are insufficient pension fund problem has been of great concern. But with the aging of the population has become increasingly prominent, personal accounts empty account, insufficient co-ordination of social security funds and other funds in the account more and more pronounced. By analyzing the necessity and rationality of state-owned shares transfer, we can see that the use of state-owned shares transfer is a good way to supplement pension fund.

Minority Protection in Proceedings for the Settlement of Disputes Between Shareholders

“A limited company is more than a mere judicial entity, with a personality in law of its own： Behind it, or amongst it, there are individuals, with rights, expectations and obligations inter se”. The competitive attitude of the member states of the EU （European Union）, to become the most attractive for companies results in law reforms aiming at more flexible conflict between shareholders. Besides, the economic objective of avoiding a company＇s dissolution, the English, Dutch, and Belgian exit proceedings for the settlement of disputes between shareholders set up a social objective： protecting the interests of the minority shareholder of a private limited company. The paper consists of four chapters. The introduction lays out the necessity of buy-outs for shareholders of a private limited company. The first chapter describes the different facts justifying the buy-out of a shareholder on the basis of serious grounds. The second chapter presents the findings of a comparative research of the valuation of the shares transferred in an English, Dutch, and Belgian procedure. Finally, the conclusion summarises in which way the English, Dutch, and Belgian legal system protect the interests of the minority shareholder of a private limited company.

The Role of Institutional Investors in the Evolutionary Dynamics of Agro-food Enterprises

The research topic is the one of public finance company whose core business is focused to support investment projects to overcome enterprises technological and structural gap. The research question is： If and how a public finance company is able to create and favor value creation processes sustainability for agro-food enterprises, highlighting the positive emerging externalities for different categories of stakeholders. They have results with particular evidences allow comparisons between the private investments and the support of institutional public investors. In such perspective, the mode of disbursement of soft loans and investment operations made by a public financing company will be examined. The methodological approach used, following a deductive-inductive perspective, is based on the ease study. Such technique able to formulate theories about a little known phenomena in their context, allows the study of recent events on which the researcher has little control. To this, a qualitative analysis on both primary and secondary data adds. From data analysis, it resulted that the Institute of Agribusiness Development （ISA） initiatives facilitated, just for example, the technological innovation of production department and consequent production capacity, the acquisition of production assets for row material processing and optimization of internal logistics, through an innovative automated warehouse. As a result, the case study finds sustainability at multiple levels reached by the activities promoted by ISA and the subsequent co-creation of value for stakeholders involved, small agro-food businesses innovation, and/or internationalization processes. As long as practical implications are concerned, such highlight the importance and the need for public and private institutions in their effort to continue to invest in projects to support the economy of the country. The originality of the paper lies in the proposed interpretation of more integrative paradigms （viable system approach, sustainability, and, value creation）, analyzing a financial institution for the development of the Italian food industry. At the same time, authors stress the research limit that is the analysis of the input of only one organization and consequent limited data in quantity and time span.

bp and China-The Present and the Future

bp, one of the first multinational companies entered the China market in 1970s, has become one of the leading foreign investors in the energy sector in China. It has made multiple investments through its business partnerships with China’s central and local governments and state-owned oil companies. The reporter recently made an interview with Xiao Gang, Vice President of Strategic Cooperation Relations at bp China.(The interview was conducted in Chinese and translated into English.)

国资监管体制改革与国有企业投资效率

国资监管体制已由“管资产与管人管事相结合”的模式向以“管资本”为主的模式转变,这为国有企业的高质量发展提供了制度保障。本文以2009—2019年中国沪深A股上市国有企业为样本,实证检验国资监管体制改革对国有企业投资效率的影响。研究结果表明,国资监管体制改革显著提升了国有企业投资效率,代理成本降低与政府干预弱化在其中发挥了中介作用。进一步研究发现,政府治理水平在国资监管体制改革与国有企业投资效率之间具有正向调节作用。异质性分析发现,在非西部地区和金字塔层级低的国有企业中,国资监管体制改革对其投资效率的提升作用更显著。经济后果检验表明,国资监管体制改革通过提高国有企业投资效率提升了国有企业价值。研究结论为进一步深化国资国企改革提供了经验证据。

国有资本授权经营体制改革能提高国企会计信息质量吗?

以管资本为主改革国有资本授权经营体制是深化国资国企改革的重要突破口。本文利用手工搜集的国有资本投资运营公司试点数据,以2009—2022年沪深A股国有上市公司为研究对象,采用多期双重差分模型考察了国有资本授权经营体制改革对国有企业会计信息质量的影响。结果显示,国有资本授权经营体制改革能够显著提高国有企业会计信息质量。进一步研究发现,国有资本授权经营体制改革对会计信息质量的提升作用受到行政层级、功能界定与分类、非国有股东治理的影响。本文丰富了国有资本授权经营体制改革经济后果以及会计信息质量影响因素的相关研究,对深化国资国企改革、促进资本市场平稳健康发展具有启示意义。

土地经营权入股立法的反思与展望

自家庭联产承包责任制实施以来,关于农村土地承包经营权能否以入股等方式流转,在政策与法律层面经历了比较复杂的变迁过程。土地经营权入股在立法中得到确认是“三权分置”改革的重要成果之一,有利于在流转中更好地实现土地经营权的价值。土地经营权入股现行立法表达不规范、不统一,且与相关法律规定存在冲突,导致立法预期的实现受阻。以立法的基本原理来审视,立法用语不规范只是表面现象,土地经营权的性质不明才是立法困境的根源,对入股所致不利后果的担忧则进一步导致适用难题。实践中大量存在的“以租代转”、“名为入股、实为出租”现象表明,既有立法并不能有效满足土地经营权入股的需求,反而徒增解释与适用的混乱。为了弥合土地经营权入股的认知分歧,保持相关立法之间的协调,实现“三权分置”的立法目的,有必要在立法中统一相关表述,明确规定土地经营权的性质,移除土地经营权承载的不必要负担,让土地经营权真正成为“可以用货币估价并可以依法转让的非货币财产”,进而以“作价出资”取代“入股”。

股东抽逃出资公司法禁令的检视--兼论《公司法司法解释三》

新《公司法》第五十三条和第一百零五条是反映资本维持原则的核心条款,延续了原《公司法》关于公司股东“不得抽逃出资”或“不得抽回其股本”的禁止性规定,充实了股东和董监高的民事责任。但股东抽逃出资禁令无法反映“公司向股东返还财产”的实质,在术语上应予调整,在解释上应与“公司不得返还股东”保持一致。抽逃出资禁令反映了资本管制思想,与股东不履行出资义务、公司收购或回购股权、股东与公司之间关联交易、股东权利限制和失权、返还出资、赔偿责任等相互关联,已经成为一个内涵丰富、外延巨大的超级条款。在适用该禁令时,应当根据不同的给付方式,施加必要程序和数额限制,强化董监高的职责,合理关注股东的资产收益权。

国有企业ESG实践与共享价值创造——基于扎根理论的研究

国有企业在我国国民经济中具有特殊重要的地位和作用,践行ESG理念对于引领国企高质量发展具有重要意义。文中采用扎根理论研究方法,构建了国有企业ESG实践与共享价值创造的理论框架,分析了ESG行为提升企业价值创造能力的作用机制。以中央企业华润电力为案例对象,通过对华润电力文本和数据资料的编译研究,研究证实:华润电力基于服务国家战略、回应用户诉求和探索商业机会三个履责动因,从环境管理、社会责任与公司治理三方面践行ESG理念,从而影响利益相关者选择,在这一过程中既创造了社会价值,又实现了商业价值,实现了共享价值创造。丰富了企业ESG行为经济后果的研究,为国有企业推进低碳转型,创造共享价值,实现高质量发展提供了案例证据和参考。

国有资产收益全民分享与共同养老金制度设计

落实以全民所有制为根基的社会主义制度,必须建立现实具体的国有资产收益全民分享机制,让全体人民分享归他们所有的国有资产收益。将部分国有资产收益用于建立共同养老金制度,平等地为达到一定年龄(依据国家一般退休年龄确定)的全体老年人发放一份社会主义性质的共同养老金,是社会主义初级阶段国有资产收益全民分享的可行方式。以国有资产收益建立的共同养老金制度具有国有企业产品消费倾向增长效应,不仅为老年人提供可持续、均等和稳定的基本生活保障,还能促进国有资产保值增值,保证其自身的可持续性。并且,与直接动用国有资本补充城镇职工基本养老保险相比,建立共同养老金制度能够有效缓解基本养老保险的给付差距问题。这为构建中国特色社会主义市场经济混合养老保障体系,即共同养老金和基本养老保险相辅相成的新型养老制度,提出新思路。

国有经济如何影响非国有企业劳动收入份额?

基于中国工业企业数据,实证检验了国有经济对非国有企业劳动收入份额的影响。结果发现,国有经济比重上升能够显著提高非国有企业的劳动收入份额,且该影响是国有经济工资溢出效应和效率损失效应共同作用的结果。当国有经济比重较低时,其工资溢出效应是提高非国有企业劳动收入份额的主要方面;当国有经济比重较高时,其效率损失效应在提高非国有企业劳动收入份额中的作用更加突出。异质性检验发现,当国有企业有更高工资或更低效率时,国有经济提升非国有企业劳动收入份额的作用会增强。当劳动力供给充足或市场化程度较高时,国有经济对非国有企业劳动收入份额的提升效果会下降。因此,不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,深化国有企业改革,保持合理的所有制结构有利于促进民营经济健康发展。

企业扶贫行为传递对乡村振兴的启示——来自股东扶贫网络的证据

现有研究侧重从企业个体维度探讨其参与帮扶的影响因素,忽略了企业个体行为在社会网络中的嵌入性。鉴于此,选取2016~2020年中国A股上市公司精准扶贫数据,从以往研究较少涉及的社会网络视角出发,探究股东扶贫网络对企业扶贫行为的影响及其机理。研究发现:股东在扶贫网络中越靠近中心位置,企业参与精准扶贫的意愿就越强、扶贫投入就越多、扶贫效果就越好;机制检验表明,企业扶贫行为可以在股东扶贫网络中进行传递,股东扶贫网络主要通过信息渠道与公司治理渠道来影响企业扶贫行为;进一步发现,企业的产权性质、融资约束及所在地区的市场化程度,会对股东扶贫网络与企业扶贫行为之间的关系产生异质性影响。研究结论为推动企业参与乡村振兴战略提供了来自社会网络的分析视角,也为政府部门引导股东的社会责任投资提供了经验启示。

异质资本持股、内外部治理与国有企业股价崩盘风险

防范系统性金融风险是经济健康发展的重要保障。鉴于股价崩盘风险与系统性金融风险的关联性,以2014~2020年国有企业为样本,实证检验不同性质的非国有资本参股对国有企业股价崩盘风险的影响,并进一步考察企业内外部治理对非国有资本参股与国有企业股价崩盘风险之间关系的调节效应。研究结果表明,民营资本参股降低了股价崩盘风险,机构投资者参股增加了股价崩盘风险,而外资参股不存在显著影响。在进行一系列稳健性检验之后,结果仍然成立。就内外部治理而言,内部治理水平仅对民营资本持股比例与股价崩盘风险之间的关系有显著的正向调节作用,外部治理环境仅对机构投资者持股比例与股价崩盘风险之间的关系有显著的负向调节作用。

国资监管体制改革与国企费用粘性——来自“两类公司”改革试点的证据

改组组建国有资本投资公司和国有资本运营公司(以下简称“两类公司”)是深化国资监管体制改革的重点任务。从成本费用管控视角,利用2008—2021年“两类公司”改革试点数据,探讨以设立“两类公司”为核心的国资监管体制改革对国有企业费用粘性的影响。研究发现,“两类公司”改革能够显著降低控股国有企业的费用粘性,其内在机制是“两类公司”改革通过强化经营预算管理和嵌入党组织治理实现控股国有企业费用粘性的降低。进一步分析表明,“两类公司”改革对费用粘性的抑制作用在由多家“两类公司”协同控股、控股链条较短、股权制衡度较高以及所属类型为中央企业时更显著;限制政府债务大规模扩张和加强产品市场竞争,均能有效提高“两类公司”改革对费用粘性的抑制作用。文章从政治观和经理人观视角揭示了国资监管体制改革降低国有企业费用粘性的内在机理,为完善“两类公司”改革、推动“有为政府”与“有效市场”有机结合、降低国有企业费用粘性提供了重要参考。

共享审计师合作关系网络与会计信息可比性

以2010—2020年A股上市公司为研究样本,分析并检验样本公司与同行其他公司共享审计师合作关系网络对会计信息可比性的影响。研究发现,选择与同行共享审计师合作关系网络的公司会计信息可比性更高。当审计师合作关系网络具有行业专长、审计师处于网络核心位置、网络内同行审计师之间距离更近时,共享审计师合作关系网络对公司会计信息可比性的提升作用更强;此外,这一效应还受到事务所规模以及事务所转制等因素的影响。检验还发现,与同行公司共享审计师合作关系网络能够促进审计效率的提升,且不会造成客户信息的泄露。上述研究结论证实了与同行公司共享审计师合作关系网络会对会计信息可比性产生积极影响,拓展了审计团队领域以及事务所治理的相关研究文献,对保障和提升审计师的执业质量具有一定的启示意义。

客户集中度、短贷长投与企业财务风险:基于A股上市公司的实证分析

针对客户集中度、短贷长投与企业财务风险之间的关系问题,以2019—2021年A股上市公司为研究样本,采用实证研究的方法,分析客户集中度与企业财务风险之间的关系,以及短贷长投在客户集中度与企业财务风险之间的中介作用。研究表明:客户集中度与企业财务风险显著正相关;短贷长投在客户集中度与企业财务风险之间发挥中介作用;与非国有企业相比,国有企业中客户集中度对企业财务风险的影响更显著。研究结论为上市公司制定科学的财务决策以及更好地防范财务风险提供参考。