The Evolution of Urban and Rural Construction Land Based on Spatial Econometrics:A Case Study of Bijie City

Based on the theory of spatial econometrics,we test and process the urban and rural construction land data during the base period of planning and late period of planning in Bijie City.And we conduct comparative analysis of the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of urban and rural construction land in 41 towns of Bijie City before and after the planning.According to Getis-ord G i coefficient test results,the cold spot area of urban and rural construction land in northeast of Bijie City will gradually disappear,and the key point of hot spot area will be gradually transferred from the central region to the central and eastern regions.The results show that under the guidance of the overall land use planning in Bijie City,the urban and rural construction land will show strong spatial autocorrelation;agglomeration benefits and scale merit will appear clearly,in line with the actual situation of current development of Bijie City.

Analyzing and Pondering on the Regulation of Urban Construction Land Expansion

Along with the economic development and the acceleration of urbanization,urban construction land expands rapidly in China,and has resulted in a series of socio-economic problems.This article summarized the major points of controlling the unchecked and rash expansion of construction land in the academic circle,and analyzed the problems of regulating the expansion of construction land from three aspects.First,this article analyzed the relationships between socio-economic development and urbanization from the historical viewpoints,and pointed out that the expansion of construction land is a historical phenomenon which will be surely appeared in the development of human race.Second,the authors utilized two-sector model to analyze the importance of urbanization in the socio-economic development from the academic angles.At last,the authors utilize four-quadrant model and bidrent curve model to analyze the influence that brought by the strict control of construction land expansion.Through analysis,this article drew some conclusions.First,the expansion of construction land is a phenomenon which will surely appear in the social development.It is impossible to accomplish the national modernization on the basis of dualistic structure between urban and rural areas.Second,under the function of rent gradient gap,strict control of construction land expansion will not only obtain the anticipated effects,but also cause a series of socio-economic problems,such as land-levying contradiction,the appearance of limited property right house,and being dependant on lease instead of expropriation.Third,unreasonable policies and governmental behaviors are the roots of the unchecked and rash expansion of urban construction land.Based on these conclusions,this article proposed that three transformations should be realized to regulate the unchecked and rash expansion of construction land:transfers from quantity regulation to quality regulation,from direct regulation to indirect regulation,and from single-measure regulation to multi-measures regulation.

Spatial-temporal Dynamics and Driving Forces of Land Development Intensity in the Western China from 2000 to 2015

The change in land development intensity is an important perspective to reflect the variation in regional social and economic development and spatial differentiation.In this paper,spatial statistical analysis,Ordinary Least Squares(OLS),and Geographically weighted regression(GWR)methods are used to systematically analyse the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving forces of land development intensity for 131 spatial units in the western China from 2000 to 2015.The findings of the study are as follows:1)The land development intensity in the western China has been increasing rapidly.From 2000 to 2015,land development intensity increased by 3.4 times on average.2)The hotspot areas have shifted from central Inner Mongolia,northern Shaanxi and the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi to the Guanzhong Plain and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.The areas of cold spots were mainly concentrated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Yunnan,and Xinjiang.3)Investment intensity and the natural environment have always been the main drivers of land development intensity in the western China.Investment played a powerful role in promoting land development intensity,while the natural and ecological environment distinctly constrained such development.The effect of the economic factors on land development intensity in the western China has changed,which is reflected in the driving factor of construction land development shifting from economic growth in 2000 to economic structure,especially industrial structure,in 2015.

Temporal-spatial Characteristics of the Urbanization of Rural Land in Xinjiang

Relying on remote sensor technology, GIS and Land--sat TM digital images,the authors use spatial and statistical analysis to examine the temporal-spatial characteristics of the change caused by urban construction in Xinjiang’s rural areas from the end of the 1980s to the end of the 1990s. The primary findings show the following: 1) The urban construction in rural areas has increased drastically. The expansion speed of urban land use has accelerated over the past decade. The sub-land use changes caused by the urbanization of rural are characterized by salient regional differentiation among the three main regions and among the 85 counties of Xinjiang. 2) The shift of land use is mostly characterized by cultivated land and grassland being used for urban and industrial projects. Moreover, this change of land use is characteristic of regional differences. 3) Factors of rural-urban construction land use changes in Xinjiang, are undoubtedly affected by natural environment, social, economic conditions, and to a larger degree by population growth, GDP development and industrial development..

Study of Urban and Rural Construction Land Change Based on Small Scale in Dafang

This paper is to examine the urban and rural construction land data of Dafang between basic year and final year based on country scale and spatial econometrics,and analyze its spatial pattern and change feature. According to the results,the construction lands in all the villages of Dafang County showed strong spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial cluster. After the analysis of local Moran's I,the construction lands in 381 villages of 36 counties presented strong activity. The original small-scale villages were gradually enlarging,which will not only gradually benefit local development,but also be in accordance with the strategy of " one city,one district,eight parks".

盐碱地肥沃耕层构建水肥盐综合调控机理与技术研究进展

盐碱地是我国重要的后备耕地资源,我国历来高度重视盐碱地的改良和利用工作,但目前盐碱区淡水资源短缺严重制约了盐碱地的改良利用。如何在水资源约束下,优化调控土壤水肥盐动态是当前盐碱地可持续利用中亟待解决的关键科学问题。近年来,大量研究利用有机培肥、耕作、节水灌溉、田间覆盖、咸水利用等农艺措施,在盐碱地建立“控盐、保肥、保水”的肥沃耕作层,显著改变了水肥盐在土壤-植物-大气连续体中的运移过程,实现了盐碱地质量和产能快速提升,上述内容也日益成为盐碱地改良利用中的重要研究方向。本文系统总结了盐碱地改良和肥沃耕层构建等方面的研究进展,并针对盐碱地肥沃耕层构建下土壤水肥盐综合调控及其与植物生长的协同关系等进行了展望,以期为盐碱地可持续改良利用提供参考。

城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策与城乡收入差距

在空间均衡视角下,建立理论模型分析城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策对城乡收入差距的影响,并通过实证分析进行政策评估的结果表明:增减挂钩政策能够提高城乡居民人均收入,但是对城市居民人均收入提高幅度更多,从而加大城乡收入差距。如果配套实施农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策,在提高城乡居民人均收入的同时,这种综合性改革能够促使农村人均收入提高幅度更大,进而缩小城乡收入差距。随后,基于2000—2016年省级面板数据,采用逐期双重差分法与合成控制法分别评估城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策与配套实施农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策对城乡收入差距影响的实证结果发现:自2006年实施增减挂钩政策后,增减挂钩试点省份的城乡收入差距均值提升0.125,达到2.820;自2008年实施配套农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策后,重庆市的城乡收入差距均值下降0.261,达到3.043。基于此,在城乡融合背景下,我们应建立健全城乡统一建设用地市场制度。

Regional Competition in China under the Price Distortion of Construction Land: A Study Based on a Two-regime Spatial Durbin Model

This study examines regional competition in China by considering the spatial correlation and spillover effect of construction land price distortion using a two-regime Spatial Durbin Model to investigate the patterns and trends of the competition between 285 cities in China from 2006 to 2015. The study finds:(i) price distortion of construction land is a common phenomenon but the distortion index generally shows a declining trend;(ii) regional competition through construction land price distortion shows a weakly intensified pattern, although the competition patterns in the four regions of China varied;and (Hi) the intensity of competition between regions was lower during the 12th Five-year Plan compared to the 11th Plan. The intensity of competition between cities was also lower inside than outside urban agglomerations. These results provide policy implications for remedying the price distortion of construction land and promoting regional coordinated development.

多规合一视角下昆明市郊野单元规划编制推进路径探析

郊野地区的发展影响城镇化进程与品质,加强郊野地区的规划引导是重点城乡工作之一。昆明市郊野地区的发展有实现“多规合一”、全域管控的现实需求,也面临乡村收缩、规划目标复杂多样的困境。随着郊野单元规划理论发展,我国多地开展了郊野单元规划实践,上海、杭州、广州、武汉从各地实际出发探索了具有地方特色的郊野单元规划路径,为昆明市的郊野单元规划编制提供了方法借鉴:从体系上理顺郊野地区各项规划关系,谋划顺畅的纵向传导机制;从实施上以土地综合整治为手段,实现空间优化提升;从方法上开展分类引导,构建分类适用的规划引导方案;从管理上以单元为平台,实施管理制度创新。

鄱阳湖生态经济区建设用地扩张对耕地景观破碎化的影响

为分析鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地景观与建设用地扩张之间的关系,利用形态学空间格局分析法研究2000-2020年耕地景观破碎化的形态学特点,同时运用外溢效应分析、景观格局指数分析、地理加权回归等模型方法,探究建设用地扩张对耕地景观破碎化的影响。结果表明:2000-2020年间耕地景观破碎化程度加强,核心区面积减少强度由1.33%提高到6.27%,并表现出由平原地区向山地丘陵区加强的地域性差异,且建设用地扩张会导致耕地景观破碎化;建设用地占用耕地的面积由268.60 km2增加到1 003.26 km2,主要发生在路网成熟的地区;建设用地扩张对耕地的外溢效应逐渐增强,在路网成熟地区更显著;建设用地扩张对耕地景观破碎化有较强的正向影响,道路建设对这种影响有强化作用,同时,耕地景观破碎化表现出随道路缓冲距离的减小而加强的阶梯性差异。研究表明,耕地景观破碎化程度受地形和建设用地扩张的影响显著,耕地景观破碎化现象主要发生在地势起伏大或建设用地密集、路网成熟的地区。

基于全国国土调查数据的建设用地高质量发展规划策略——以鲁豫皖苏浙沪为例

建设用地变化是城乡空间生长过程的直接映射,对其规模和布局的合理管控是国土空间规划的核心内容。基于第二次全国土地调查和第三次全国国土调查数据,运用竞争态和脱钩模型,分析了鲁豫皖苏浙沪建设用地时空演化规律和集约利用水平,提出面向高质量发展的差异化分区管控规划策略,形成“动态分析-绩效评价-政策设计”的新框架。研究发现,鲁豫皖苏浙沪城际间建设用地规模差异大、集聚性高,变化趋势由“存量更新型、高速增长型城市为主,增量扩张型、停滞收缩型城市为辅”转变为“存量更新型、停滞收缩型城市为主,增量扩张型、高速增长型城市为辅”。建设用地与人口、经济增长的匹配关系日趋多元化,人口导向的土地利用集约度滞后于经济导向。基于变化趋势和脱钩关系的匹配度或冲突度,提出增量高质量发展区、减量创新发展区、增量提质发展区、减量提质发展区和精明收缩发展区5类规划管控分区类型,并提出相应的管理政策与建议。

基于水资源空间均衡的“四水四定”调控模型构建

为实现未来不同时间尺度下的水资源空间均衡与动态调控,创建了一套完整严谨、可动态调控的“四水四定”模型体系。通过模糊信息粒化窗口的支持向量机模型预测区域未来总用水量,利用基于时间序列相似性分析的自回归支持向量机模型预测区域未来分用水量,并对两类数据进行不确定性分析;构建了复杂回归函数对各类用水指标进行情景预测,经统计检验后将其作为当前用水模式下未来用水指标;构建了“四水四定”水资源承载力模型和水资源空间均衡模型,基于未来总用水量、未来各分用水量、未来用水指标,选用水资源负载系数、用水效益和水土资源匹配系数3个指标,结合基尼系数量化水资源空间均衡度,分析当前用水模式下未来水资源均衡度;构建了最优化模型,以最小化基尼系数为目标函数调整未来用水模式,实现水资源动态调控。所创建的模型体系可以实现未来不同时间尺度下的水资源空间均衡与动态调控。

建设项目用地总规模中耕地占用比例上限的确定——以陕西省为例

[目的]分析耕地资源与建设项目空间分布之间的关系,研究建设项目总规模中耕地占用比例上限的确定方法,为自然资源管理部门制定耕地保护措施提供依据。[方法]以陕西省为研究区,基于国土变更调查数据和建设项目样本数据,构建耕地密度作为指标,采用GIS空间叠加分析、地貌分区和统计参数对比方法,研究陕西省耕地密集程度分区方法,确定交通、能源、水利类单独选址建设项目总规模中的耕地占用比例上限。[结果]采用地貌分区和行政单元修订相结合的方法,以80%累计频率取值作为建设项目耕地占用比例的上限,将全省分为3个耕地密集程度区:陕北黄土高原耕地密集区、关中平原/陕南秦巴山地耕地密集区和其他区域(耕地非密集区),确定线性项目和面状项目在3个分区中的耕地占用比例上限分别为26%,42%,20%以及45%,80%,27%。建设项目总规模中的耕地占用比例在耕地密集区明显高于非密集区,呈现出耕地密度越大建设项目耕地占用比例越高的变化规律。[结论]通过确定建设项目耕地占用比例上限阈值,可使各类项目的耕地节约率达1.2%~17.9%,在保障项目用地的同时能够控制13.9%~22.5%的建设项目过度占用耕地,达到有效保护耕地的效果。

长株潭城市群生态绿心地区乡村建设用地减量策略研究

随着我国土地供需矛盾的日益突出,建设用地从“宽供给”逐渐走向“总量减量、盘活存量”发展的新阶段。基于长株潭城市群生态绿心地区乡村建设用地持续蔓延扩张,用地规模难以控制的问题,本文通过总结我国城乡建设用地政策演变与相关实践经验,以长株潭城市群生态绿心地区为例,深度剖析乡村建设用地减量发展面临的困境,并从规划编制体系、具体实施路径、政策创新三个方面提出减量化策略,即“完善规划编制,构建‘全链条’减量治理体系”、“精准识别减量区域,推进‘精细化’减量实施路径”、“创新减量政策,探索‘生态+减量’协同治理模式”,以期为我国跨区域城郊地区乡村空间治理提供参考。

浅谈2023年长春市城市国土空间监测项目实施

随着城市快速发展,全面掌握城市自然资源和人文地理要素情况势在必行,这将为建立健全城市国土空间规划、城市体检、用途管制等国土空间治理工作提供基础的数据支撑。本文以2023年长春市城市国土空间监测为例,从专题资料收集与处理、遥感影像生产、空间监测数据库制作三个主要方面阐述项目实施情况,以及由此得到的几点体会。

农村建设用地多维结构特征分析——以凯里市为例

科学、严谨地对农村建设用地规模进行测算,是划定农村建设用地边界的前置条件,也是进行村庄规划的必要前提,更是乡村振兴需要重点考虑的因素之一。本文根据第三次全国国土调查数据和农业农村遥感监测数据库,应用空间特征法和景观指数法对凯里市农村建设用地的规模结构特征、空间分布特征和景观特征进行多维度量化分析,梳理凯里市农村建设用地存在的主要问题,并提出相应建议,以全面厘清凯里市农村建设用地布局特征,提高土地资源利用效率和管理水平,推进国土空间提质增效。

关于国土空间规划中城乡建设用地统筹的思考

我国经济社会发展呈现出城乡差距逐步缩小但仍存在的趋势,城市化水平提升迅速,城市扩张对土地资源的需求逐年增加,与此同时,农村用地的过度集约利用和城乡建设用地的利用差异也使得城乡土地发展面临一系列挑战,对城乡建设用地的统筹规划显得尤为迫切,如何更好地实现城乡建设用地的统筹发展,已成为当前国土空间规划亟待解决的重要问题。

Urban construction land demand prediction and spatial pattern simulation under carbon peak and neutrality goals:A case study of Guangzhou,China

Urban construction land has relatively high human activity and high carbon emissions.Research on urban construction land prediction under carbon peak and neutrality goals(hereafter“dual carbon”goals)is important for territorial spatial planning.This study analyzed quantitative relationships between carbon emissions and urban construction land,and then modified the construction land demand prediction model.Thereafter,an integrated model for urban construction land demand prediction and spatial pattern simulation under“dual carbon”goals was developed,where urban construction land suitability was modified based on carbon source and sink capacity of different land-use types.Using Guangzhou as a case study,the integrated model was validated and applied to simulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of its urban construction land during 2030–2060 under baseline development and“dual carbon”goals scenarios.The simulation results showed that Guangzhou’s urban construction land expanded rapidly until 2030,with the spatial pattern not showing an intensive development trend.Guangzhou’s urban construction land expansion slowed during 2030–2060,with an average annual growth rate of 0.2%,and a centralized spatial pattern trend.Under the“dual carbon”goal scenario,Guangzhou’s urban construction land evolved into a polycentric development pattern in 2030.Compared with the baseline development scenario,urban construction land expansion in Guangzhou during 2030–2060 is slower,with an average annual growth rate of only 0.1%,and the polycentric development pattern of urban construction land was more prominent.Furthermore,land maintenance and growth,that is,a carbon sink,is more obvious under the“dual carbon”goals scenario,with the forest land area nearly 10.6%higher than that under the baseline development scenario.The study of urban construction land demand prediction and spatial pattern simulation under“dual carbon”goals provides a scientific decision-making support tool for territorial spatial planning,aiding in quantifying territorial spatial planning.

基于Landsat城市建设用地及城市绿地空间分异研究

对城市绿地和建设用地的变化进行监测研究,为城市规划和土地利用管理提供决策依据。以长沙市天心区为研究对象,选择2008年、2013年和2017年的Landsat TM数据,利用监督分类的方法提取天心区的建设用地和绿地,使用扩张速度指数ESI、扩张强度指数EII和综合扩张程度指数EDI来描述建设用地和林地的空间分异特征。结果表明:长沙市天心区建设用地所占比重较大,且从2008年至2017年持续增加,从2008年的57.73%增加到2017年的67.94%;长沙市天心区绿地/林地所占比重逐渐减少,从2008年的36.80%减少到2017年的28.90%。在2008~2017年期间,长沙市天心区建设用地处于持续扩张中,综合扩张程度指数显示:2008~2013年阶段建设用地扩张速率与强度均略大于2013~2017年阶段;辖区绿地随着建设用地的扩张而逐步缩减,且前5a缩减速度要大于后4a,说明绿地在生态城市规划中越来越被重视。

2011-2020年东北地区建设用地供应时空特征分析

建设用地是城市经济社会发展的物质基础,对建设用地供应特征的分析可以为城市土地政策提供依据,有利于城市土地优化配置和集约利用.采用中国土地市场网2011—2020年的供地数据,运用集中化指数、区位熵和热点分析方法,基于县域尺度对东北地区建设用地供应规模的时空变化特征进行分析.研究表明:①2011—2020年东北地区建设用地供应主要集中于交通仓储业、工矿业和房地产业用地,10a间除仓储用地和水工建筑用地外,其余地类供应规模均呈现波动下降趋势,房地产业供地规模和占比减少的最快,公共管理与服务供地比重不断上升;②各类用地供应集中化水平均较高,采矿、水工、仓储及特殊用地受资源条件、区位及特殊要求等影响其用地供应区域空间差异明显,表现为强集中性;工业和交通运输用地供应多集中于资源型城市和国际通道、区内联系通道和海陆通道地区,区域差异相对较小,区位意义较突出;公共管理与服务业用地供应随时间集中程度减弱,城乡间的差异相对较小,反映了公共管理与服务业的均衡化发展;居住、商服用地供应集中化程度指数随时间有所增长,表现出明显的在市辖区集中,人口的流出、流入地区的分化和消费能力的空间差异对其有较重要影响.③各类产业用地供应热点区主要集中于东北地区南部和中部地带,北部多为冷点区,产业、人口和土地供应存在较大的关联关系,集聚因素带来的产业集群、人口集聚的规模效应影响用地供应的空间关联效应.