Application and Pullback of the Risk- assumption Principle under Special Circumstances

The risk-assumption principle in infringement is widely used in sport injuries,which is accepted in both the theoretical circle and the juridical practice in China. If the personal injury on the sports ground is not caused by wrongful conducts,the risk-assumption principle is applied,and the doer does not assume compensation liability. If the personal injury is caused by illegality or purposeful illegality to cause personal injury,the risk-assumption principle shall be pulled back totally or partially,and the fault-offset principle and fairly-share-loss principle shall be applied to balance the interests of the two parties. However,under some special circumstances,it is difficult to judge whether there are wrongly conducts; fromthe controversial sports phenomena and sports subjects,this paper analyzes the application and pullback of the risk-assumption principle under some special circumstances.

Impact of specialized nursing outpatient case management on postcoronary artery bypass grafting patients

BACKGROUND Some patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease experience major adverse cardiac events(MACE)and require readmission after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting(CABG)surgery.This is often attributed to patients'unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits,inadequate understanding of the disease,and poor disease management compliance.Thus,searching for more targeted nursing intervention models that can enhance patients'self-management abilities and reduce the risk of readmission after CABG surgery is significant.AIM To observe the impact of specialized nursing outpatient case management on patients after CABG surgery.METHODS A total of 103 patients who underwent CABG surgery in our hospital between April 2021 and April 2022 comprised the study sample.The patients were divided into two groups using an odd-even number grouping method.The control group received routine nursing care,while the case management group received specialized nursing outpatient case management.The differences in psychological status,adherence to medical treatment,self-care ability,knowledge mastery,quality of life scores,and the occurrence rate of MACE were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After the intervention,the case management group had lower scores on the selfrating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale and lower MACE rate,as well as higher scores for adherence to a healthy diet,medication adherence,good lifestyle habits,regular exercise,and timely follow-up,higher scores on the Coronary Heart Disease Self-Management Scale,higher scores for managing adverse habits,symptoms,emotional cognition,emergency response,disease knowledge,general lifestyle,and treatment adherence,higher scores for understanding coronary heart disease,recognizing the importance of medication adherence,understanding selfcare points after CABG surgery,and being aware of post-CABG precautions,higher scores for physical well-being,disease condition,general health,social-psychological well-being,and work-related aspects(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Specialized nursing outpatient case management can enhance patient adherence to medical treatment,knowledge mastery,psychological well-being,and overall quality of life in patients after CABG surgery.

Discussion on the Training and Assessment of Maritime English Based on IMO Model Courses

With the fast and continuous development of international shipping， maritime English proficiency has been an inevitable requirement for multinational crews. To attain the abilities and skills in maritime English put forward by STCW Convention， IMO model courses provided for maritime English training and assessments contribute a lot to this goal； however， some special cases may cause trouble to the trainers and trainees， such as different designed teaching hours set for one function goal， etc. which should need further discussion.

Practice of Integrating Specialized Courses into Ideological/Political Education——Taking “Solid Luminescent Materials” as an Example

At present,the education of specialized courses in science and engineering still focuses on imparting specialized knowledge,which seriously lacks the embodiment of educating students.Taking the specialized course“Solid Luminescent Materials”as an example,the new mode of ideological/political teaching is integrated into the specialized course,giving full play to the role of the main position of the specialized class,so as to realize the aim of teaching specialized knowledge in cooperation with educating students and imperceptibly influencing the ideological/political teaching.In this paper,the design of ideological/political knowledge points and the integration of ideological/political cases are carried out from the aspects of teaching concepts,teaching contents and teaching cases.By adhering to the cooperation between moral and financial classroom and specialized education,the educational function of university specialized courses can be effectively brought into play,which is expected to guide students to enhance their awareness of energy conservation,environmental protection,innovation and patriotism.

SATB2-associated syndrome caused by a novel SATB2 mutation in a Chinese boy:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2(SATB2)-associated syndrome(SAS;OMIM 612313)is an autosomal dominant disorder.Alterations in the SATB2 gene have been identified as causative.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 13-year-old Chinese boy with lifelong global developmental delay,speech and language delay,and intellectual disabilities.He had short stature and irregular dentition,but no other abnormal clinical findings.A de novo heterozygous nonsense point mutation was detected by genetic analysis in exon 6 of SATB2,c.687C>A(p.Y229X)(NCBI reference sequence:NM_001172509.2),and neither of his parents had the mutation.This mutation is the first reported and was evaluated as pathogenic according to the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.SAS was diagnosed,and special education performed.Our report of a SAS case in China caused by a SATB2 mutation expanded the genotype options for the disease.The heterogeneous manifestations can be induced by complicated pathogenic involvements and functions of SATB2 from reviewed literatures:(1)SATB2 haploinsufficiency;(2)the interference of truncated SATB2 protein to wild-type SATB2;and(3)different numerous genes regulated by SATB2 in brain and skeletal development in different developmental stages.CONCLUSION Global developmental delays are usually the initial presentations,and the diagnosis was challenging before other presentations occurred.Regular follow-up and genetic analysis can help to diagnose SAS early.Verification for genes affected by SATB2 mutations for heterogeneous manifestations may help to clarify the possible pathogenesis of SAS in the future.

Some Identities Involving Two Classes of Polynomials

By means of generating function and partial derivative methods, we investigate and establish several general summation formulas involving two classes of polynomials. The general results would apply to yield some identities for the Pell polynomials and Pell-Lucas polynomials, and other general polynomials can also be recovered in this paper.

Gamma-Generalized Inverse Gaussian Class of Distributions

Gamma distribution nests exponential, chi-squared and Erlang distributions;while generalized Inverse Gaussian distribution nests quite a number of distributions. The aim of this paper is to construct a gamma mixture using Generalized inverse Gaussian mixing distribution. The rth moment of the mixture is obtained via the rth moment of the mixing distribution. Special cases and limiting cases of the mixture are deduced.

课程思政教育在医学生专业课程中的探索

目的课程思政教育是培养医学生成为一名合格医学生的“重要桥梁”。自课程思政改革以来取得了重要成就,但也面临着很多问题。本研究旨在探索新的专业课程思政教育方法和途径。方法本研究通过对2022年4—5月安徽医科大学97名在校医学生进行网络问卷调查,了解目前医学生对于课程思政的认识现状,主要包括熟悉程度、效果评价、课程思政内容的占比、关注需求、存在的问题、方法和建议等6个部分。结果64.94%(63名)学生对课程思政不太了解和完全不了解;61.86%(60名)学生认为思政教育融入课程生硬、教学形式单一、枯燥无味及脱离实际是目前课程思政教育的突出问题;62.89%(61名)学生对于课程思政的作用予以肯定,认为课程思政可以给予积极的思想指导;70%(68名)学生认为现有专业课程基本上加入了思政元素;对于理想的课程思政内容比例,49.48%(48名)的学生认为思政教育比例最好控制在20%以下;在所有关注需求中学生最关心职业素养与专业知识的融合,占86.6%;关于课程思政融入途径49.48%(48名)学生建议采用微视频结合临床案例对思政元素进行分析和挖掘。结论本研究基于目前课程思政教育调查现状探索了优化的专业课程思政教育方法模式,旨在提高医学课程思政教育的质量,推动立德树人理念在医学专业课中的具体实施和发展,培养新时代适应社会需要的全面发展型的医学生。

形成性评价在眼科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

眼科住院医师规范化培训是毕业后医学教育的重要组成部分,首都医科大学宣武医院眼科不断改进对住院医师的管理及教学方法,在住院医师规范化培训专题讲座、教学查房和病例讨论等教学活动中,引入形成性评价,以《眼科培训细则》及推荐教材为指导,确定学习及评价范围,将每月进行的教学活动内容形成理论知识测试卷,对研究对象进行闭卷考试。试卷评阅后逐一反馈给住院医师,同时对每道题完成情况进行分析,反馈给相关授课教师。通过一段时间的尝试,发现住院医师对教学活动中知识点的掌握情况明显提升。对参与的教师和住院医师进行问卷调查显示,均对此培养方式有较高的满意度。在眼科住院医师规范化培训教学活动理论授课中应用形成性评价,可以调动住院医师参加教学活动的积极性和主动性,提高专注度和自主学习的意愿,促进课后复习及相关文献书籍的学习,有助于理论知识的掌握,提高学习成绩。同时此法有助于教师及时调整授课内容和方法,提高教学效率,更好地达到教学目的。

破解海岸带环境司法困境:基于陆海统筹原则

我国海岸带环境案件存在管辖权冲突、法律适用有争议、原告资格不明确、诉讼性质认定有争鸣、诉讼程序衔接未确定、司法执行机制不完善等环环相扣的问题,造成海岸带环境司法困境。究其根源,主要在于陆海“二分法”的分类思维影响较大,其与陆海统筹合为表里的内涵尚未得到全面、深入的理解。为破解海岸带环境司法困境,既要重视海岸带环境案件的特殊性,将其确立为类型化案件并由海事法院专门管辖,又要贯彻陆海统筹原则,实现司法规则内在融贯、法治环节协调一致。

高速注采储气库井套管螺纹密封性研究

套管螺纹密封性是影响周期性高速注采作业的储库气井安全性的关键因素,因此保证储气库井的密封性完整极其重要。需要重点研究储气库井注采过程中对其套管柱密封性的影响,特别是循环注采过程中产生的交变载荷对储气库套管柱特殊螺纹接头密封结构性能的影响。基于有限元法理论,针对中国北部某储气库井所选用的特殊螺纹接头,结合储气库井实际工况和现场数据,建立套管接头螺纹有限元计算模型,研究了循环注采条件下,温度、注采压力、轴向载荷及点蚀对储气库套管螺纹密封状态的影响。结果表明,温度对套管螺纹接头的结构完整性和密封完整性影响较小,注采压力、轴向载荷和点蚀对其影响较大,需控制在一个较低值。研究可为储气库井套管柱密封失效判定及其套管柱设计提供参考。

面向科研专病库的可视化前置数据采集系统建设探索与实践

目的解决在基于临床数据中心构建专病库的过程中,由于数据字段频繁更新、手动补录工作量大导致的临床使用依从性不高的问题。方法提出了一种可视化前置数据采集的解决方案,采用MVC三层架构和WebService服务同步数据,支持可视化自定义病例报告表单,将采集动作前置到业务系统中即采即用,保障数据及时性,定期进行质量控制,保证数据来源的准确性。结果该方案在心内畸形和神母细胞瘤科研专病库上的应用显示,专病库数据质量和使用满意度得到显著提升,单份病例数据的整理时间从30分钟缩短到10分钟。结论该方案可减轻临床医生的工作负担,加快数据积累进度,提高科研专病库数据质量,激发临床医生对专病研究的科研热情。

公差配合与测量技术在实际应用中几种特殊情况的分析与探讨

结合实际工作,用对比法和计算法,分析和探讨了公差配合与测量技术中,经常遇到的几种特殊情况在实际应用时,所采用的与常规不同的处理方法。可指导技术人员厘清标准和实际应用的不同之处,具有重要的应用价值和指导意义。

专科医师规范化培训教学方式改革及效果评价

目的分析心血管内科专培学员对案例教学联合团队教学方式的评价,评估教学方式改革的效果。方法将心血管内科专培学员随机分为教改组(案例教学联合团队教学)和对照组(传统讲授式教学),每组各17人。教改组采用案例教学联合团队教学,对照组采用传统讲授式教学。教改组学员接受问卷调查。两组学员均进行了理论知识和病例分析考试。结果专培学员认为案例教学联合团队教学更具优势、理论知识和病例分析考试得分也更高(p<0.05)。结论案例教学联合团队教学更具优势,可应用于心血管专培学员的教学。

专业陪审员制度探要

2023年7月27日,最高人民法院发布了《关于具有专门知识的人民陪审员参加环境资源案件审理的若干规定》,这标志着经历多年实践探索以后,专业陪审员制度终于在我国正式落地。然而,当初最高人民法院在人民陪审员制度改革试点情况报告中对专业陪审员制度暂不规定的表态言犹在耳,而且客观条件并没有发生显著改变,此时出台这项司法解释委实过于操切:专业陪审员制度不仅于法无据,上位法并不支持将人民陪审员分为普通和专业的做法;而且于情不合,凸显了陪审员人民性与精英性的内在冲突;更加于理相悖,在必要性与合理性两个层面均有所欠缺。因此,目前宜严控专业陪审员制度的适用,待《人民陪审员法》修改以后再定夺其存废去留问题。

新工科背景下“现代控制理论”课程思政教学设计与实践

新工科建设的提出,为高校的教育方式提出了新的挑战。“现代控制理论”是电子信息类、自动化类专业必修的专业核心课程,完善课程的思政建设变得尤为重要。新工科背景下,对“现代控制理论”课程进行课程思政教学的设计与实践。紧紧围绕国家和区域发展需求,结合学校发展定位和人才培养目标,主要从四个方面进行课程思政的建设,包括领域典型伟大人物的介绍、建设典型思政案例库、创建专题教学讨论区和周期性进行热门科技及工程技术的专题讲座。

案例教学在专业学位研究生“食品加工与贮运专题”课程中的应用

“食品加工与贮运专题”是食品加工与安全专业硕士的一门核心课程,其教学改革对于培养应用型食品硕士人才至关重要。在“食品加工与贮运专题”课程教学过程中,适宜地引入师生熟悉的、与食品生产和贮藏相关的、关注学科发展前沿的代表性案例,能最大限度地激发学生学习热情,鼓励其探索并解决实际问题。这种教学模式有利于研究生深入思考与食品加工及贮藏工艺相关的问题,并通过讨论获取解决办法,掌握重难点,真正实现理论知识的扩展和迁移。同时,任课教师应从兼顾传统教学、考虑学生适应性、注重总结归纳等方面,关注案例教学融入课堂的可行性,对教学模式、内容及考核方式进行改革,以达到课堂教学与食品生产过程的有机结合,提高“食品加工与贮运专题”课堂教学效果,引导学生树立正确的责任观和价值观。

特殊病例的人工耳蜗植入

从20世纪80年代起,多通道人工耳蜗逐渐进入临床应用,人工耳蜗植入进入了成熟的临床应用阶段。对于常规人工耳蜗植入,手术难度较低,术后效果较为确定。对于特殊病例的人工耳蜗植入,手术风险大、疗效存在不确定性。特殊病例的人工耳蜗植入包括内耳畸形、听神经发育异常、中耳炎和中耳胆脂瘤、耳蜗骨化、单侧聋和非对称性聋等疾病的人工耳蜗植入与再植入等。本文就上述特殊病例人工耳蜗植入涉及的相关问题进行阐述。

融入思政元素的案例教学在“水工建筑物”中的应用

“水工建筑物”是水利水电工程专业的核心课程,该文针对课程教学过程中存在的问题,提出融入思政元素的案例教学方法,构建课程思政体系。以“拱坝概述”教学单元为例,进行以典型工程案例白鹤滩水电站为主线的思政课程教学设计。实践表明,该教学方法既能有效激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生解决复杂工程问题的能力,又能增强学生的家国情怀和职业荣誉感,培养学生的严谨作风、工匠精神。该课程的教学方法对工科类专业课程的课程思政建设具有借鉴意义。

数控技术课程思政教学案例设计

课程思政是新时代高等教育落实立德树人根本任务的重要举措。文章结合机械类专业工程认证通用标准和数控技术教学大纲,重构了数控技术课程教学目标,深入系统地挖掘了课程中的思政元素,并将其与课程内容有机融合,立足思政元素与课程知识的契合点,针对课程每一章节,通过案例教学将爱国主义、集体主义、职业素养、创新意识、团队协助、工匠精神等思政元素融入课堂教学,实现润物无声的育人效果。该文的教学研究可为其他工科类专业课程思政建设提供借鉴和启示。