Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of the Chinese nation.It contains rich philosophical thoughts and humanistic spirit,which is an important manifestation of our country's cultural soft power and also ...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of the Chinese nation.It contains rich philosophical thoughts and humanistic spirit,which is an important manifestation of our country's cultural soft power and also an advantageous discipline for our country's foreign exchanges.展开更多
Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is exerting enormous public health and economic burden on many countries. To reduce these effects, the World Health Organization is urging countries, especially those in Africa,...Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is exerting enormous public health and economic burden on many countries. To reduce these effects, the World Health Organization is urging countries, especially those in Africa, to increase public awareness of this disease. This study accessed whether public servants in Tamale, Ghana possess adequate knowledge and positive attitude towards SCD. Method: A total of 320 public servants within the Tamale Metropolis were invited to complete a questionnaire in a cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed using GraphPad 5.01. Association between different variables was tested. Results: The media was the main source of information for a majority of the 94.2% of respondents who had ever heard of SCD. Knowledge of respondents on transmission and testing of SCD was above 70% but they recorded less than 40% in SCD’s incurability, prevalence, effect of SCD on life span and pregnancy. The mean knowledge score of respondents was (11.1 ± 5.11)/22 or 50.7%. Only about a quarter knew their sickling status or that of their spouses before marriage or first child. Although 78.0% of respondents would call off marriages if they became aware of genetic incompatibility, the overall mean attitude, (2.857 ± 1.97)/ 7.0% or 40.8% was poor. There was a positive and significant correlation between the knowledge of respondents and their attitude towards SCD (r = 0.494, p < 0.0001) hence respondents working in the health sector and those with tertiary level education had better attitudes towards SCD. Conclusion: Public servants in Ghana have moderate knowledge of SCD but their attitude towards the disease was poor. Public servants least considered genetic incompatibility before entering conjugal relationships. This poor attitude means the campaign for the reduction of sickle cell gene transmission must be intensified. Governments need to increase their investment on educational campaigns aimed at changing attitude of persons through provision of more knowledge about SCD.展开更多
Nowadays, the public sector plays an important role when it comes to economic development and growth of a country. The most important chapter is ＂the evaluation of public servants＂. The analysis for the evaluation a...Nowadays, the public sector plays an important role when it comes to economic development and growth of a country. The most important chapter is ＂the evaluation of public servants＂. The analysis for the evaluation and subsequently the personal development and career planning of human resources based on both academic theories and their practical implementation. The new model is based on proportionality and administrative Europeanization, which creates formal and informal rules, modern processes of public policy that will shape common beliefs and values incorporated in the specific national policies. Performance appraisal is the process by which organizations evaluate job performance. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive narration for the performance management in modem public sector, to explain the uses of performance appraisals, to describe the methods of the evaluation and to analyze the role of evaluation.展开更多
This research analyzes the role of public service in the political networks. The status of civil servants in these networks is not obvious. On the one hand, the officials are surrounded by strict framework of regulati...This research analyzes the role of public service in the political networks. The status of civil servants in these networks is not obvious. On the one hand, the officials are surrounded by strict framework of regulations and law. They are not independent subjects of political decisions, but at the same time, they are the main sources of information needed for making political decisions. On the other hand, they actively interact with other actors of the political networks, including under informal conditions. In addition, high professional requirements for officials lead to the need of recruiting them into the elitist environment. Therefore, there often arises a conflict of interest due to their personal connections. Activating these links, officials are building patron-client relations, behaving as patrons for those who need to receive confidential information and as clients for the higher heads. Thus, civil servants use personal networks for carrying out their functions, and simultaneously use available official information for private gain.展开更多
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of the Chinese nation.It contains rich philosophical thoughts and humanistic spirit,which is an important manifestation of our country's cultural soft power and also an advantageous discipline for our country's foreign exchanges.
文摘Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is exerting enormous public health and economic burden on many countries. To reduce these effects, the World Health Organization is urging countries, especially those in Africa, to increase public awareness of this disease. This study accessed whether public servants in Tamale, Ghana possess adequate knowledge and positive attitude towards SCD. Method: A total of 320 public servants within the Tamale Metropolis were invited to complete a questionnaire in a cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed using GraphPad 5.01. Association between different variables was tested. Results: The media was the main source of information for a majority of the 94.2% of respondents who had ever heard of SCD. Knowledge of respondents on transmission and testing of SCD was above 70% but they recorded less than 40% in SCD’s incurability, prevalence, effect of SCD on life span and pregnancy. The mean knowledge score of respondents was (11.1 ± 5.11)/22 or 50.7%. Only about a quarter knew their sickling status or that of their spouses before marriage or first child. Although 78.0% of respondents would call off marriages if they became aware of genetic incompatibility, the overall mean attitude, (2.857 ± 1.97)/ 7.0% or 40.8% was poor. There was a positive and significant correlation between the knowledge of respondents and their attitude towards SCD (r = 0.494, p < 0.0001) hence respondents working in the health sector and those with tertiary level education had better attitudes towards SCD. Conclusion: Public servants in Ghana have moderate knowledge of SCD but their attitude towards the disease was poor. Public servants least considered genetic incompatibility before entering conjugal relationships. This poor attitude means the campaign for the reduction of sickle cell gene transmission must be intensified. Governments need to increase their investment on educational campaigns aimed at changing attitude of persons through provision of more knowledge about SCD.
文摘Nowadays, the public sector plays an important role when it comes to economic development and growth of a country. The most important chapter is ＂the evaluation of public servants＂. The analysis for the evaluation and subsequently the personal development and career planning of human resources based on both academic theories and their practical implementation. The new model is based on proportionality and administrative Europeanization, which creates formal and informal rules, modern processes of public policy that will shape common beliefs and values incorporated in the specific national policies. Performance appraisal is the process by which organizations evaluate job performance. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive narration for the performance management in modem public sector, to explain the uses of performance appraisals, to describe the methods of the evaluation and to analyze the role of evaluation.
文摘This research analyzes the role of public service in the political networks. The status of civil servants in these networks is not obvious. On the one hand, the officials are surrounded by strict framework of regulations and law. They are not independent subjects of political decisions, but at the same time, they are the main sources of information needed for making political decisions. On the other hand, they actively interact with other actors of the political networks, including under informal conditions. In addition, high professional requirements for officials lead to the need of recruiting them into the elitist environment. Therefore, there often arises a conflict of interest due to their personal connections. Activating these links, officials are building patron-client relations, behaving as patrons for those who need to receive confidential information and as clients for the higher heads. Thus, civil servants use personal networks for carrying out their functions, and simultaneously use available official information for private gain.
