Empirical Human Rights Studies Contribute to Building a Society Under the Rule of Law——Summary of the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions

From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,

Human Rights Education from the Perspective of the Holistic Development of the Children

Human rights education for primary and secondary school students is of great significance to their holistic development.At present,human rights education is actively carried out in China’s primary and secondary schools.Such human rights education includes classroom teaching based on the Ethics and the Rule of Law series of textbooks as well as developing hu man rights culture in campuses and educating students in human rights practices.Human rights education in primary and secondary schools has achieved certain results,but is as yet inade quate.In order to further improve human rights education for children,we should integrate hu man rights education with traditional Chinese culture,make better use of information technology and modem concepts of education and build a comprehensive and deep-seated human rights educa tion system.

Democratic Values of Mongolians Becoming as a Pillar of Perspectives of Democracy, Human Rights, Freedom, and Legitimacy

The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people. The content of this article aimed to categorize the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia;such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties. The content of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher. On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation, the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s. From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004, within this term, the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties, grouped into fractional, blockage of post-trafficking, conspiracy, and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.

Rule of Law at the National and International Levels: A Review from the Global Governance Perspective

The rule of law as a fundamental means of global governance has two levels, the national and the international. The national rule of law and the international rule of law, defined by their respective concepts, orientations and fimctions, address governance issues at the national and international levels. Interdependent, they are linked effectively by two core factors of the rule of law： ＂good law＂ and ＂good governance.＂ Between them is an ongoing process of interaction, a basic expression of their unified relationship. The framework of their interaction comprises three basic elements： individual states and the national rule of law; the international community and the international rule of law; and the medium of rule of law interaction. This interaction is two-way, cyclical, diversified, comprehensive and incremental. In this interactive process, China needs to define its international position and actively participate in the development of the international rule of law so as to establish its discourse right in this field.

State Audit in the Modernization of National Governance: Institutional Guarantees and the Logic of Practice

The national audit is produced and developed to meet the objective requirements of national governance, and is a basic institutional arrangement within the governance system. In terms of its institutional attributes, legal status and functions, the national audit is the cornerstone of national governance and an important guarantee driving the modernization of governance. In this new historical era, the national audit needs to be appropriate to the new situation and new requirements of comprehensively deepening reform and enhancing the rule of law. We must accelerate the improvement of the audit system, enhance the breadth of coverage of audit supervision, comprehensively increase audit capacity, give greater effect to the functional role of audit and boost the modernization of the national governance system and governance capability.

国家安全视阈下生成式人工智能的法治应对——以ChatGPT为视角

ChatGPT的出现改变了既有人机交互模式,推动了自然语言处理、文本生成和数据处理等领域的发展和进步,标志着未来数字社会雏形已现。同时,ChatGPT等生成式人工智能因其学习的无监督性以及生成结果的不确定性也给国家安全带来了挑战,影响政治安全、军事安全、数据安全以及文化安全等诸多领域。未来应当坚持国家安全理念,从优化产业布局、打破算法黑箱、强化数据监管责任等方面入手,控制生成式人工智能给国家安全领域带来的风险,促进该行业的健康发展。

TRAGIC CONSCIOUSNESS, NATURAL LANGUAGE AND MODERN SPIRIT OF THE

Tragic consciousness, which originated in childhood, is complex compassion based on strong self-consciousness. After being moralized, tragic consciousness presents the dichotomy of good and evil, which has not only profoundly affected the formation of natural language, but also cradled the theory of natural law and religious spirit. Modem jurisprudence attempts to get rid of the shackles of classics and Christian humanism, to shape the autonomous and self-consistent image of law with the de lege lata as center. However, it is difficult for modem jurisprudence to surpass the natural language which rooted in tragic consciousness, and impossible to neglect or deny the independent value of the human. The inherent conflict within the rule of law makes ironically a tragedy, especially in the context of contemporary China.

Transforming the Evaluation of the Rule of Law in China

Over the past ten years, China has seen a number of practices exploring the evaluation of the rule of law. It is important that we sum up the practical experience of these evaluations, analyze the problems they encounter, determine their direction nationwide, and put forward constructive ideas. With the issuing of the Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform and the Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Promoting a Number of Major Issues of the Rule of Law, evaluation of the rule of law faces a transformation both in theory and in practice. The key points in this transformation are having the right orientation, innovative mechanisms and solutions to tricky issues of quantitative evaluation; summing up evaluation of experience; and elevating evaluation to the level of theory. A precondition for its effective evaluation is a scientific mechanism for evaluating the rule of law; in turn, the key to a scientific evaluation is solving the problems in quantitative evaluation of the rule of law; and the necessary requirements for evaluation practice are summing up evaluation experience and elevating it to the level of theory. The key to innovative mechanisms for evaluating the rule of law lies in implementation of the third party evaluation model and in quantitative evaluation that starts with particular programs.

Creating a New Form of Rule of Law Civilization:A Historical Narrative of the Communist Party of China

The modernization path of the Chinese rule of law reflects the glorious process of the Communist Party of China(CPC)’s continuous exploration of the rule of law development.It has created a new form of rule of law civilization for humanity,one that has not only profoundly changed China but is also deeply influencing the world historical process.Under the leadership of the CPC,the Chinese people have achieved the innovation of legal mechanisms,text,and discourse in their century-long endeavor for the rule of law.This highlights the distinctive features of the Chinese rule of law civilization.The innovation of legal mechanisms is the foundation of the modernization of the Chinese rule of law,indicating that through the Party’s century-long endeavor for the rule of law,a legal leadership mechanism has been formed,in which the Party exercises overall leadership and coordinates the efforts of all sides;the innovation of legal text is the manifestation of modernization of the Chinese rule of law,indicating that through the Party’s century-long endeavor for the rule of law,the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics is gradually moving toward a new stage of codification in which the promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is a milestone;and the innovation of legal discourse is the core of modernization of the Chinese rule of law,indicating that through the Party’s century-long endeavor for the rule of law,the continuous refinement of the Chinese legal discourse system is playing a key role in providing theoretical support and legal reasoning.

Worldview and Methodology of Advancing the Construction of the Rule of Law in China

This work discusses a worldview and a methodology concerning ideological approaches by which Marxists can understand and transform the world,based on well-defined value truth,theory and philosophy.The work builds on the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),which highlights the following priorities to which XI Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era must adhere:putting the people first,maintaining self-confidence and self-reliance,upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground,adopting a problem-oriented approach,applying system thinking,and maintaining a global vision.Furthermore,this work argues that these priorities should be applied to promote the rule of law in China’s new journey.As the starting points of analysis and understanding,the meta-theory and“six must-dos”follow the general principles of Marxism in interpreting and promoting socialist concepts,theory,law-based path and legal system in the New Era with Chinese characteristics.The metatheory and the“six must-dos”provide the logical foundations and fundamental compliance with XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law.Only by applying these“six must-dos”well can we understand and implement XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law,enhance the rationality,initiative,foresight and creativity of our work in comprehensively promoting the rule of law in China.

The Approach to Chinese Modernization of the Rule of Law

The essence of Chinese modernization of the rule of law is to promote a modern legal system in China.The approach to Chinese modernization of the rule of law refers to the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.By comprehensively reviewing the history and reality,theory and practice,and actual and desirable aspects of Chinese modernization of the rule of law,we can summarize the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.This approach containssvariouselements,including a leadership system for the rule of law with centralized and unified leadership by the Central Committee of Communist Party of China,a rule of law virtue principle of putting the people first,a functional orientation of the rule of law toward national governance,and a historical-legal consciousness that inherits fine traditional Chinese legal culture.These key elements play a prominent role and can effectively showcase the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.Describing such a Chinese approach not only helps to summarize the fundamental experience of Chinese modernization of the rule of law but also showcases the Chinese logic and Chinese characteristics in this modernization process.

Democracy Development in Mongolia:Challenges and Opportunities

The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people.The content of this article aimed to categorizing the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties.The contented of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher.On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation and the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s.From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004,within this term,the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties,grouped into fractional,blockage of post-trafficking,conspiracy,and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.

体育事业发展中重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法论纲——以高质量的体育立法助推体育强国建设

加强体育事业发展中重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法是中国体育法治建设的重要任务,也是体育强国建设的重要保障。文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法,就加强体育事业发展中重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法的战略意义、基本遵循、主要立法内容进行了探讨。研究认为,体育事业发展中重点领域的立法主要应该加强全民健身保障立法、青少年与学校体育配套立法、竞技体育领域立法、体育产业促进立法、职业体育立法、体育市场监管立法、体育组织治理的立法;体育事业发展中新兴领域的立法主要应该重视数字体育立法、体育领域市场竞争立法、体育投融资立法、打击操纵比赛的立法;涉外体育领域的立法应该重点围绕建立起在国际体育活动中保护国家利益的法律制度来展开,并就各类涉外体育事务建立起法治化的规章制度。

国家金融安全视域下金融科技的风险应对与法治保障

在数字化时代,科技深度赋能金融服务的同时,也易引发国家金融安全风险,包括与传统金融活动结合、构建新型金融网络系统及新兴科技直接应用等场景。金融科技引发国家安全风险的生成机理在于,随着金融体系的中介类型增多、金融风险传导渠道增加,新金融网络体系会产生基于“关联”的风险。金融科技“破坏性创新”的特征,会从金融监管立法与实施两个方面冲击传统金融监管框架,从而加剧监管失灵。国家金融安全的法治保障亟须理论层面的反思与重构,进而形成金融科技的“动态协同”治理模式,从外层金融网络与基础设施安全、中层金融科技创新活动和内层金融服务行为三个层面,构建多层次的金融科技法治保障体系。

习近平治国理政的传统智慧及其阐释逻辑——以“治大国若烹小鲜”为例

习近平法治思想从多方面展现大国治理的传统智慧,在方法论问题上,习近平特别提到老子的“治大国若烹小鲜”。从历史逻辑上讲,习近平古语新说,遵循逻辑与历史相统一的辩证法,为“治大国若烹小鲜”注入了更多的新时代内涵。从法理逻辑上讲,“治大国若烹小鲜”蕴含的传统智慧与全面依法治国、比例适度原则、权力监督制约等现代法治理念和宪法精神深度契合,从总体性、协同性和控制论等不同维度生动诠释了习近平的法治方法论。从实践逻辑上讲,“治大国若烹小鲜”的治国理念是宪法权衡思维的生动体现,对于在法治轨道上全面推进民主政治、市场经济、和谐社会、先进文化和生态文明等方面的建设具有重要的方法论意义。

现代法治精神及其探寻方法

现代法治精神是指捍卫法治的心理姿态、促进法治的思维方式以及对公正等价值目标的追求。法治是拟制的概念,因而法治的实现需要精神力量的支持。没有捍卫法治的心理姿态以及对据法思考之思维方式的坚守,很难在行为上接近法治。法治精神对思维和行为具有指引功能,而这种指引是以尊重法律的权威以及恪守法律的一般性、规范性、体系性、稳定性、安定性等为前提的。法治的筹划或法律所预设的概念、规范、原则以及价值等能够最大化地实现,离不开法治精神的支持。现代法治精神的展开,需要捍卫法治的心理姿态、恪守思维方式上的据法思考;在言说方式上使用法治话语,遵从修辞立其诚的原则,尽其所思促成法治的实现。

论习近平法治思想的法治理论体系

习近平法治思想蕴含着丰富而深邃的法治法理思想,并形成了思想深刻、内容完整、体系宏大、逻辑严密的法治理论体系。该理论体系具体包括法治概念论、法治本质论、法治目的论、法治精神论、法治规范论、法治体系论、法治方法论、法治教育论、法治信仰论、法治自信论、法治文化论等。前五论阐明了法治内在与外在的理论与制度的本体问题,概念论阐释法治是什么,本质论诠释法治的政治方向与定位,目的论解决法治的意义与归属,精神论阐明法治的灵魂何谓,规范论则为作为理想、理念、价值的法治找到安身立命的制度载体。因此,前五论关乎法治的内在道德与外在规范以及相互之间的内在联系与原理。后六论阐释了法治的全过程、全领域的运行过程及其规律,解决法治的目的、精神、本质、规范何以实现以及怎样实现的战略、战术与策略问题:体系论确立了法治建设的目标与法治运行规律,方法论解决了法治战略目标如何实现的路径、方法、方式问题,教育论解决了法治何以使人尊法守法用法的问题,信仰论解决了人们对待法治的根本道德态度、道德习惯与道德义务问题,自信论解决了人们对待本国法治的信心与内在认同问题,文化论阐释了法治的意识形态构成与人文精神积淀。

回应国家重大需求的战略型法治人才培养模式的实践与探索

武汉大学法学院以习近平法治思想为指引,聚焦新时代法学教育难点痛点,坚持问题导向、育人导向与结果导向。本教学成果坚定马克思主义鲜亮底色,涵养新时代法治精神;创新梯级课程体系,筑牢知识大厦深厚根基;打造珞珈法学智库方阵,构建多方融合研学体系;坚持国际与国内协同、理论与实务协同、传统教学与信息技术协同、教育与科研协同,完善综合能力培养机制;实现战略思维引领培养体系的理念创新、竞合机制贯穿培养过程的机制创新和多元方法激发创新能力的路径创新。本成果有效回应国家重大战略需求,为国家不断输送具有高尚的人格修为力、基于法学的跨学科理解力、对法治发展的前瞻判断力及法治实践组织领导力的高端战略型法治人才,获得行业与社会的高度认可,形成了良好的示范效应与社会影响。

海南黎族传统习惯规则的法治化思考

长期以来,海南黎族乡村已形成具有普遍约束力的传统习惯规则,在调适人际关系、村民纠纷、维护族内稳定及规范生活秩序等方面发挥着重要作用。从现实意义来看,黎族传统习惯规则背后所蕴含的法观念与时代要求和现代理念在一定程度上较为契合,有其存在的意义和价值。与此同时,部分不合时宜的传统习惯规则仍需进一步甄别和扬弃,应当纳入法治化轨道予以调适。

涉外法治的理论促动

涉外法治不仅仅是立法、执法、司法、守法等实践领域的工作任务,它同样也是学术界的重要课题。良好的涉外法治理论解释有助于将涉外法治工作中的具体要求思考清楚、论述透彻。理论界的高水平总结归纳、分析论证不仅有助于人们对于涉外法治地位与意义充分认知、达成共识,而且有利于吸引更多高水平的人才投身于涉外法治的工作领域,在涉外立法、涉外执法、涉外司法等各个方向提升工作水平,深化涉外法治的服务和遵守情况。提升规划和参与设计施行涉外法治工作的能力,并且改进参与涉外法治的能力,从学术研究的角度积极推进现代化国家建设的进程,实现民族复兴的伟大事业。