The Construction of PLA Image in China’s Official Discourse From the Perspective of Positive Discourse Analysis——Based on Government Work Reports Over the Last 15 Years

Government Work Report is essential for domestic and international understanding of China’s national conditions.This paper selects the national defense section in Government Work Reports released by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China over the last fifteen years from 2009 to 2023 as an example of China’s official discourse.From the perspective of positive discourse analysis,the theory of three meta-functions of language proposed by M.A.K.Halliday in Systemic Functional Linguistics is used in this article in terms of transitivity,appraisal,mood,modality,and theme to explore the constructing of the People’s Liberation Army(PLA)image.This study finds that,by using the goals and circumstances with optimistic meaning in material processes,adopting more appreciation in attitude,applying more declaratives in mood,utilizing modal operators with high modulation,and implicit objective modal adjuncts,and employing government-focused themes,China’s official discourse objectively and authentically conveys a positive image of the brave and just PLA both at home and abroad which advocates itself to peace-keeping,and mission-fulfilling.

FUZZY SYNTHETICAL EVALUATION ON THE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS’ CONSCIOUSNESS ON THE IPE BASIS

Government policy is the key to the development of the individual and private economy (IPE).In the making of a policy, the social consciousness of government officials is one of the important factors to affect the policy made. Since the social consciousness on the development of IPE varies from person to person, it is conventionally indefinite and fuzzy. This paper applies fuzzy sets to analyse the government officials’ social consciousness on the IPE basis.

Linguistic Planning and the Status of Official Languages in Kosova During the Years 1999-2009

The issue of linguistic planning, choice of variant for increasing in standard norm, the determination of official status of appropriate language in certain countries, has been a concern, as it was also the orientation of different linguistic studies. In this work, we will try to treat the process of linguistic planning and of the official status of languages in Kosova during 1999-2009. In this context we do not intend to exhaust of handling with this problem, but we will try to present some issues and problems in which languages in Kosova have passed through. This issue is interesting for studies in sociolinguistic field in general and particularly in Albanian language.

Deep Solicitude for The Poor Rural People——An Interview with Lin Yuechan, a government official from Fujianofficial from Fujian

Fujian Province has made tremendous achievements in poverty alleviation and human rights protection, which provided valuable experience for the rest of the world. For this reason, our correspondents interviewed Lin Yuechan, deputy director of the Office of Rural Affairs under the People's Government of Fujian Province.

Attitudes Towards the Official Recognition of Hong Kong Sign Language by Hong Kong Citizens

This paper is a pilot study that investigates the attitudes towards the official recognition of Hong Kong Sign Language(HKSL)by Hong Kong citizens.We used video-chat software(mainly WhatsApp,and Facebook Messenger,but also FaceTime)to conduct long-distance semi-structured interviews with 30 participants grouped as deaf,hearing-related(hearing people that are closely involved in the Deaf community),and hearing-unrelated(hearing people that have little contact with deaf people and the Deaf community).Results show that the majority of participants(N=22)holds a supportive attitude towards the recognition of HKSL;Five participants hold a neutral position,and three participants hold a negative attitude towards it.We discussed each type of attitude in detail.Results show that participants’attitudes are positively related to their awareness of deaf people’s need,the understanding of‘language recognition’,and personal world views.In other words,the more participants are aware,the more they foster official recognition,at least as a general trend.Results also indicate that hearing people who are not involved in the Deaf community know very little about deaf people and the Deaf community,in general.At the end of the paper,we also reflect on two issues:we argue that the standardization of HKSL plays an important role in deaf education and empowering citizenship awareness and participation.

Human Rights Training for Central Government Officials

More than 50 officials from central government departments attended a human rights training class held in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province, on May 29-June 2. The class was sponsored by the State Council Information Office, during which the trainees attended lectures given on China＇s human rights concepts and the current human rights conditions in the country, human rights theories and international human rights instruments and protection of human rights under the rule of law.

Assessing Development Pathway Trends in Developing Countries over the 1995-2010 Period Using Multivariate Analysis

Country development is a complex issue that can be meant from a strict economic view to a more integrated vision. This study analyses the sustainable development in terms of access to basics services, water resources management and external support from Donors. 103 countries are analysed according to 22 variables that include the access to basic services, urbanisation process, uses of water resource, freshwater availability, governance and Official Development Assistance. The measure of Human Development has progressed for all countries except one, during 1995-2010 period. Countries are clustered in 5 reference profiles, where profiles 4 and 5 are considered the poorest and mostly include African countries. The mid-term changes concern 16% of the countries, where most of them are related to governance and Development Assistance aspects. 5% shifts are temporary changes due to the country specificity. Changes from or to the profiles 4 and 5 are deeper analysed providing potential explanations.

Does Filial Piety Make a Good Government Official?

FILIAL piety has been an essential element of traditional Chinese culture since the time of Confucius and is all about the way Chinese relate to their parents and other family members.Now the concept has found its way into the workplace.Recently this virtue was introduced as one of the criteria for selecting government officials,leading to a flurry of debate among the public. In Weixian County,north China’s Hebei Province,Qi Jinghai, Secretary of the Weixian Committee of the Communist Party of China,introduced a regulation stating that candidates applying

政府官员直播带货行为可持续性影响因素研究——基于25个案例的模糊集定性比较分析

政府官员直播带货是官员在贫困治理与乡村振兴的现实探索中产生的一种政府创新行为。已有研究较少关注这一创新行为的可持续性问题。本文通过构建“个体-组织-环境”分析框架,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,对25个县长直播带货的可持续性进行组态分析。研究结果表明,领导重视和贫困县任职是构成官员直播带货可持续性的必要条件。推动政府官员直播带货的可持续路径有4种,具体可归纳为环境-能力-情感推动型、政绩-压力驱动型、政绩-环境推动型、组织-环境支持型。社会群众支持是官员直播带货可持续的重要条件,职务变动并不一定导致政府官员终止其直播带货行为。文章丰富了地方政府创新的理论,更聚焦于讲好中国治理故事,对地方政府官员直播带货现象进行了解释和探讨。

公众号赋能街镇治理的运行逻辑与机制建构——以上海市“美丽N镇”公众号为例

公众号赋能街镇治理既是一种治理模式的创新,亦是基层社会治理发展的一种崭新趋势。公众号赋能街镇治理的运行是技术逻辑、结构逻辑与认同逻辑的有机统一。近年来,作为国内较早提出全面推进城市数字化转型的一线城市,上海市持续探索公众号赋能街镇治理的创新模式,“美丽N镇”公众号正是街镇微信公众号赋能基层治理的典型代表。依照“技术-结构-认同”这样一种三维互动的逻辑框架,“美丽N镇”公众号以信息集散与配赋引导公众的受信模式和行为逻辑,以关系协调与双向互动实现系统性的规范、有序、合作,以组织动员与情感构建打造“治理共同体”。基于此,可以从顶层设计、内容呈现、双向互动、专业建设等维度,分别建构目标和方向精准化、效率和能级高质量、公众与政府良性互动、服务与队伍有效衔接的多维机制,从而助推公众号赋能街镇治理有效实现。

政府合同概念的体系化重构

现有政府合同管理规范对政府合同的内涵和外延进行了界定,但学理意义上的概念构造尚未完成,“政府合同=行政协议+缔结主体一方为行政机关的民事合同”之结论存在缺陷。通过把合同还原为通用于各部门法的中性工具,将政府合同的研究视角从救济前移至行政过程,政府合同的识别标准被调整为“行政机关与任何主体订立的合同均为政府合同”。以行政任务为出发点,可将政府合同区分为公务型政府合同和管理型政府合同,公务型政府合同可被进一步区分为内部公务型政府合同与外部公务型政府合同。以救济途径为落脚点,可以将政府合同区分为行政协定与非行政协定,非行政协定可被进一步区分为行政协议、民事合同、磋商性文件和劳动人事协议,其中,民事合同和行政协议属于狭义政府合同。将两条基于不同场景的体系化路径进行对接与融合,有助于形成对政府合同概念相对立体的认知,动态还原政府合同概念的全貌。

“党政同责”、官员流动与城市环境监管——来自变更与任期的多维证据

中国地方官员的交流制度深刻影响主政行为。利用2011—2018年262个地级城市数据,区分市委书记、市长角色,通过变更、任期刻画流动,考虑多种交流形式和异质性策略,深度评估了官员流动的环境监管效应,为从政府行为视角理解官员流动的非预期影响提供了多维证据。研究发现,城市党政主要官员之一变更不利于环境监管水平的提升,党政主要官员同时变更或任期增加将提升环境监管力度;城市环境监管效应呈现市委书记为主导、市长协同的格局,2015年“党政同责”制度使该特征更加清晰,长任期情形下党政官员分工与互动能够促进经济环境协调发展。环境监管效应因交流形式、专业背景、是否升迁、有无环保部门任职经历而具有异质性。市委书记流动通过企业数量、产业结构、固定资产投资、外商投资等渠道影响城市环境监管力度。政策启示是应重视党政主要官员之一频繁流动对城市环境监管带来的非预期影响,强化党委对城市环境监管的引领,形成党政协同高效的绿色发展激励格局。

汉代循吏治政生态考察——以《汉书·循吏传》为中心

汉代循吏多出自宣帝朝,循吏建树地方善政,与其所处“自然—社会—政治”三位一体的治政生态息息相关。汉宣帝时期天灾较少,偃武修文的政策促使环境优化,为地方善政奠定基础。循吏富民治平,化民以礼,移风易俗,使民众回归理性,营造良好的社会生态以为善政核心。汉宣帝选贤任能,给予地方官久任制、自治权,并严格监察,奖励务实,惩罚伪诈,成为实现地方善政的关键与保障。历史经验可以为当代如何营造良好政治生态提供借鉴,保护环境,构建和谐社会秩序,正确选人用人,理顺央地关系,循吏善政启示良多。

基层环保官员避责的行为表现、生成逻辑及其治理

基层环保官员避责行为不仅降低了环境治理效能,而且会消减环境体制改革成效。根据对A市生态环境机构垂直管理制度改革和S县生态环境治理实践的调查发现,基层环保官员的避责行为可以总结为条件性避责、程序性避责和分摊性避责等,结合已有文献研究,从宏观结构、中观禀赋以及微观心理三个维度构建分析框架,剖析基层环保官员避责行为的生成逻辑,并从弥合结构张力、强化组织禀赋、消解避责动机等方面提出治理避责行为的具体策略。

公文传播与社会治理:历史回溯、现实命题及实践路径

从发生学的视角看,公文传播和社会治理相互依存。公文是社会治理的工具,公文传播是实施社会治理的过程。没有公文和公文传播,社会无法有效治理。进入媒介社会,公文传播必将承担更多、更复杂的社会治理议题,公文传播将成为推动社会治理规范、科学、文明化发展的必需工具和必要手段。

互嵌与融合:乡村治理现代化建设中正式权力与农民主体的张力及化解路径——以安徽省C村为例

乡村治理现代化是国家治理现代化的重要组成部分,对整个社会的稳定与发展起着基础性作用。乡村治理现代化建设离不开正式权力的有效引领和适当介入,然而在具体实践中也存在正式权力与乡村社会中的农民主体产生张力,从而给乡村治理现代化建设带来挑战。通过对安徽省大别山地区C村的乡村治理实践分析,了解到二者之间的张力具体表现为:第一,乡土社会空间失语:正式权力代办,农民主体参与空间被挤占;第二,正式权力悬浮自转:线性治理使得农民主体行动与乡村治理相分离;第三,行政吸纳社会:正式权力逐渐强化,农民主体自治弱化。借鉴新内生发展理论,在多重张力并存的现实情况下,正式权力与农民互嵌融合式的新内生发展机制可以缓解张力冲突,通过唤醒资源、双向赋能、情境再造等路径或能促进正式权力与农民主体的协同互动,共同推进乡村治理现代化进程。

明代徽州进士群体任官情况述略——以歙县为中心的考察

明代徽州科第兴盛,培养了一批进士,歙县进士数量为徽州六县之首。明代歙县进士在成化后开始活跃于政治舞台,虽然其入仕起点不及全国平均水平,但仕途发展情况较好。他们任官期间秉持“治乱兴废,勤政恤民”的民本情怀“、直言进谏,持宪不阿”的政治担当、“秉公执法,惩奸锄强”的耿介作风和“调兵有方,骁勇善战”的军事品格,因此受民爱戴、名声远播,从而形成了明代徽州进士群体的为官之道。这种治政理念和行为的产生主要得益于徽州地域文化中朱子之学和宗族组织的滋养。

治广以狭与人地相宜:晚清南疆二道政区变迁及基层职官的选任

清代收复新疆后,南疆地区的喀什噶尔道和阿克苏道于光绪八年建置,是新疆建省的重要准备,也是清朝国家政治制度在边疆地区不断深化的具体表现。其后以“量地置邑”及“治广以狭”为基本理念进行的政区增置和调整,则是政区设置对边防危机与治理困境的反应,突出表现了政区设置对巩固边防、完善基层治理的作用,并奠定了现今南疆地区行政区划的基本格局。在政区设置的同时进行政区分等,与之相对应的还有一套较为成熟的职官选任体系。为最大限度地使地方社会治理“人地相宜”,作为新设政区,南疆二道虽有明确的缺分等第,却并未照章办理。政区分等与职官选拔基本背离,成为光绪三十四年五月全国州县“停部选”的先声。

论官员直播带货的法律困境与破解之策

官员直播带货是互联网时代官员履行发展地区经济职责、优化政府服务的创新之举。然而,政务服务的创新诱发了诸多法律问题,将直播带货这一商业活动嵌入公务行为尚处法律灰色地带,官员介入商品市场存在限制竞争风险,相关的实体与程序规则也存在欠缺。考虑到官员身份特殊且政府公信力有限,官员直播带货应被有限允许,并通过专门的规范性文件加以约束。在具体规范方面,需制定启动规则化解限制竞争风险,完善广告义务与责任保护消费者权益,设计程序规则约束官员权力,确保官员直播带货活动的合法、公正与透明。

依法治国视域下基层领导干部法治教育现状及对策

基层领导干部法治素养的高低,直接关系到其能否运用法治方式深化改革与维护稳定。在依法治国视域下,加强基层领导干部法治教育,是提升国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求。新时代背景下,地方政府部门深入贯彻习近平总书记的全面依法治国思想,加强基层领导干部法治教育的创新,可以引导基层领导干部树立正确的法治观念,增强其法治意识,提高其依法执政能力,从而推动国家治理向更加法治化、科学化、民主化的方向发展。另外,地方政府部门加强基层领导干部法治教育,是落实全面依法治国战略的重要举措,有助于在全社会形成尊法学法守法用法的良好氛围,推动法治社会建设不断取得新成效。针对基层领导干部法治教育,相关政府部门可以通过完善法治教育内容、创新法治教育模式、健全法治教育制度、完善检查监督机制等,培育基层领导干部处理实际问题和解决矛盾的法治思维与依法执政能力,全面推进依法治国。