A Fixed-Point Fast Sweeping WENO Method with Inverse Lax-Wendroff Boundary Treatment for Steady State of Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

Fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods are a class of efficient high-order numerical methods to solve steady-state solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs).The Gauss-Seidel iterations and alternating sweeping strategy are used to cover characteristics of hyperbolic PDEs in each sweeping order to achieve fast convergence rate to steady-state solutions.A nice property of fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods which distinguishes them from other fast sweeping methods is that they are explicit and do not require inverse operation of nonlinear local systems.Hence,they are easy to be applied to a general hyperbolic system.To deal with the difficulties associated with numerical boundary treatment when high-order finite difference methods on a Cartesian mesh are used to solve hyperbolic PDEs on complex domains,inverse Lax-Wendroff(ILW)procedures were developed as a very effective approach in the literature.In this paper,we combine a fifthorder fixed-point fast sweeping WENO method with an ILW procedure to solve steadystate solution of hyperbolic conservation laws on complex computing regions.Numerical experiments are performed to test the method in solving various problems including the cases with the physical boundary not aligned with the grids.Numerical results show highorder accuracy and good performance of the method.Furthermore,the method is compared with the popular third-order total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta(TVD-RK3)time-marching method for steady-state computations.Numerical examples show that for most of examples,the fixed-point fast sweeping method saves more than half CPU time costs than TVD-RK3 to converge to steady-state solutions.

High-Intensity Interval Training v/s Steady-State Cardio in Rehabilitation of Neurological Patients

Neuropathy is nerve damage that can cause chronic neuropathic pain, which is challenging to cure and has a significant financial burden. Exercise therapies, including High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and steady-state cardio, are being explored as potential treatments for neuropathic pain. This systematic review compares the effectiveness of HIIT and steady-state cardio for improving function in neurological patients. This article provides an overview of the systematic review conducted on the effects of exercise on neuropathic patients, with a focus on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and steady-state cardio. The authors conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, identified relevant studies based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and used the EPPI automation application to process the data. The final selection of studies was based on validity and relevance, with redundant articles removed. The article reviews four studies that compare high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on various health outcomes. The studies found that HIIT can improve aerobic fitness, cerebral blood flow, and brain function in stroke patients;lower diastolic blood pressure more than MICT and improve insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in obese individuals, potentially helping with the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. In people with multiple sclerosis, acute exercise can decrease the plasma neurofilament light chain while increasing the flow of the kynurenine pathway. The available clinical and preclinical data suggest that further study on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its potential to alleviate neuropathic pain is justified. Randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise, which could lead to consensus and specific HIIT-based advice for patients with neuropathies.

基于Y-MMC的柔性低频输电控制策略

采用传统矢量控制的Y型模块化多电平换流器(Y-MMC),存在控制结构复杂、参数整定困难等缺点。针对上述问题,采用模型预测控制方法对Y-MMC进行控制器设计,提出一种适用于柔性低频输电的分层协调控制策略。建立各桥臂开关状态组合下的预测模型,实现内环电流控制和电容电压均衡控制。采用分层优化思想建立直流电容电压跟踪、交流电流跟踪和开关频率优化的逐级评估系统。结合稳态逆模型和比例积分控制实现了功率换流站的功率控制和电压频率换流站的低频电压控制。通过MATLAB/Simulink对双端低频输电系统进行仿真,结果验证了所提控制方案在多种工况下的正确性和有效性。相较于传统的矢量控制,该策略简化了控制器设计,加快了响应速度。

面向数字孪生模型应用的油浸式变压器绕组温度POD-RBFLP降阶计算方法

了解油浸式电力变压器绕组的温度情况是保证其运行稳定性的关键,也是当前针对油浸式变压器数字孪生分析的必然需求。为了快速地获得变压器绕组的稳态温度,该文提出一种基于本征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)和包含线性多项式的径向基函数响应面法(radial basis function response surface method including linear polynomial,RBFLP)的降阶计算模型。首先,讨论POD方法的降阶特性,并设计一种基于留一法交叉验证的自适应获得快照矩阵方法,以提高计算精度及效率;其次,采用响应面方法建立POD模态系数与绕组工况的相关关系,旨在实现通过绕组工况快速获得POD模态系数,从而跳过对降阶模型的复杂非线性计算,进而高效重构绕组温度场。相关算例表明,该方法具有较好的计算精度和效率,在50组测试工况下,与全阶计算相比,误差不超过2.5 K,且总计算时间仅为1.45 s;最后,基于110 kV变压器绕组搭建温升试验平台,试验结果表明,降阶计算结果相较于试验结果,平均计算误差不超过2 K,且单步计算时间仅为0.03 s,相较于同等规模的全阶计算,计算效率有较大幅度地提升。

面向电-气综合能源系统的MEAV抗差状态估计法

为了实现电-气综合能源系统更为协调精确的状态估计,参考电网状态估计方法,基于最大指数绝对值(Maximum Exponential Absolute Value,MEAV)状态估计建立了电力-燃气网络的稳态模型。采用牛顿法作为基本算法,对系统进行能流计算以及MEAV等价模型的求解。最后,通过30个电网节点和22个燃气节点的耦合系统的仿真实验,验证了所提出的方法在获得电-气互联网络准确运行信息和抑制不良数据方面的能力。

基于静动力试验的铁路连续刚构-拱桥模型修正

为提升大跨度铁路连续刚构-拱桥有限元模型预测精度,同时针对传统有限元模型修正中只采用全局最优解而忽略可能更接近实际情况的局部最优解问题,提出一种基于距离机制的改进稳态遗传算法(DSSGA),利用实测静动力数据对其初始有限元模型进行模型修正。首先,介绍桥梁基本信息、初始有限元模型和静动力试验及其试验结果;其次,介绍DSSGA算法的理论以及其结合Kriging代理模型的基本修正流程,并通过测试函数验证DSS-GA算法的优化效果;最后,通过灵敏度分析选择待修正结构参数,利用拉丁超立方设计构建Kriging代理模型并检验其精度,利用静力位移、试验模态参数构造目标函数,对该桥进行模型修正。结果表明:与标准稳态遗传算法(SSGA)相比,DSSGA算法能够提供目标函数在搜索域的全局最优解和更多组局部最优解,有效避免SSGA算法角度机制所产生的解集不完整的局限性,且全局最优解的目标函数值更小,具有更高的搜索效率。经过模型修正,所有测点的位移相对误差控制在10%以内,频率相对误差控制在5%以内,修正后模型的预测精度大幅度提升。修正后的模型可作为该桥的基准有限元模型,用于后续桥梁健康监测与状态评估。

A Study on the Transmission Dynamics of the Omicron Variant of COVID-19 Using Nonlinear Mathematical Models

This research examines the transmission dynamics of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 using SEIQIcRVW and SQIRV models,considering the delay in converting susceptible individuals into infected ones.The significant delays eventually resulted in the pandemic’s containment.To ensure the safety of the host population,this concept integrates quarantine and the COVID-19 vaccine.We investigate the stability of the proposed models.The fundamental reproduction number influences stability conditions.According to our findings,asymptomatic cases considerably impact the prevalence of Omicron infection in the community.The real data of the Omicron variant from Chennai,Tamil Nadu,India,is used to validate the outputs.

POSITIVE STEADY STATES AND DYNAMICS FOR A DIFFUSIVE PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM WITH A DEGENERACY

In this article, we consider positive steady state solutions and dynamics for a spatially heterogeneous predator-prey system with modified Leslie-Gower and Holling-Type II schemes. The heterogeneity here is created by the degeneracy of the intra-specific pressures for the prey. By the bifurcation method, the degree theory, and a priori estimates, we discuss the existence and multiplicity of positive steady states. Moreover, by the comparison argument, we also discuss the dynamical behavior for the diffusive predator-prey system.

Existence for positive steady states of an eco-epidemiological model

An eco-epidemiological model with an epidemic in the predator and with a Holling type Ⅱ function is considered.A system with diffusion under the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition is studied.The existence for a positive solution of the corresponding steady state problem is mainly discussed.First,a prior estimates（positive upper and lower bounds） of the positive steady states of the reaction-diffusion system is given by the maximum principle and the Harnack inequation.Then,the non-existence of non-constant positive steady states by using the energy method is given.Finally,the existence of non-constant positive steady states is obtained by using the topological degree.

Rheological behavior of semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy at steady state

The further application of semi-solid processing lies in the in-depth fundamental study like rheological behavior. In this research, the apparent viscosity of the semi-solid slurry of 7075 alloy was measured using a Couette type viscometer. The effects of solid fraction and shearing rate on the apparent viscosity of this alloy were investigated under different processing conditions. It can be seen that the apparent viscosity increases with an increase in the solid fraction from 10% to 50% （temperature 620 ℃ to 630 ℃） at steady state. When the solid fraction was fixed, the apparent viscosity can be decreased by altering the shearing rate from 61.235 s-1 to 489.88 s-1 at steady state. An empirical equation that shows the effects of solid fraction and shearing rate on the apparent viscosity is fitted： ηα = [0.871 - 0.00849. γ0.74924]. exp（3.7311, fs） . The microstructure of quenched samples was examined to understand the alloy＇s rheological behavior.

Experimental and Finite Element Study of Steady State Micro-cutting Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy (2A12)

This paper studies the micro-cutting characteristics of aluminum alloy (2A12) based on a series of orthogonal experiments and finite element method (FEM) simulations. An energy-based ductile failure law was proposed in the FEM simulation. The simulated cutting forces and chip morphology were compared with experimental results. The simulation result indicates that there is a close relationship between the cutting force and cutting heat. The micro-cutting force decreases as the heat flux vector increases. Both the cutting heat and the micro-cutting force need a finite time to achieve a steady state. It is observed that with the cutting speed of 169.95 m/min and uncut chip thickness of 6 μm, the heat flux vector in the workpiece increases to a stable value after 0.06 ms; meanwhile, the principal cutting force decreases to a steady state correspondingly, i.e., the micro-cutting process achieves the steady state. It is concluded that the steady state micro-cutting simulation can reflect the cutting process accurately.

鱼油n-3 PUFA富集、稳态化技术及生物活性研究进展

鱼油富含人体所需的多不饱和脂肪酸,在科研与应用领域具有广泛价值。本文重点围绕其n-3 PUFA富集工艺、稳态化技术及生物活性进行综述,阐述不同方法的优、缺点,分析工业化生产的可行性,展望未来鱼油加工领域的发展趋势,旨在为鱼油类资源的合理、健康、可持续发展提供理论依据。

1.3 GHz 9-cell高性能超导腔高阶模耦合器电磁及热分析研究

中国科学院高能物理研究所于2023年6月完成了高品质因数1.3 GHz超导加速模组研发,在国际上率先实现了中温退火高品质因数超导腔模组技术路线。模组中集成了八只经过中温退火工艺处理的1.3 GHz9-cell超导腔,在模组的测试过程中超导腔的高阶模耦合器温升异常,导致超导腔无法在高梯度下稳定工作。通过HFSS软件和CST软件中的微波仿真模块对高阶模耦合器进行电磁分析,再通过理论和Ansys Workbench软件对高阶模耦合器进行热仿真分析,并结合模组的高功率实验,找到了超导腔性能异常的原因,并对超导腔高阶模耦合器的冷却方式进行了进一步的优化,解决了模组中超导腔高梯度下的不稳定性。

Realization of minute-long steady-state H-mode discharges on EAST

In the 2016 EAST experimental campaign,a steady-state long-pulse H-mode discharge with an ITER-like tungsten divertor lasting longer than one minute has been obtained using only RF heating and current drive,through an integrated control of the wall conditioning,plasma configuration,divertor heat flux,particle exhaust,impurity management,and effective coupling of multiple RF heating and current drive sources at high injected power.The plasma current（Ip - 0.45 MA） was fully-noninductively driven（Vloop 〈 0.0 V） by a combination of-2.5 MW LHW,-0.4 MW ECH and -0.8 MW ICRF.This result demonstrates the progress of physics and technology studies on EAST,and will benefit the physics basis for steady state operation of ITER and CFETR.

钢结构表面热喷涂锌-铝合金涂层的耐久性研究

为研究钢结构表面热喷涂锌-铝合金涂层耐久性,以EH36钢板为基材,Al的质量分数分别为7.5%和15%的ZnAl(15)和ZnAl(7.5)两种合金丝为涂层材料,制备ZnAl(15)和ZnAl(7.5)两种锌-铝合金防护涂层试样,并进行盐雾腐蚀试验、电化学腐蚀试验、扫描电镜、高温腐蚀试验和烟气腐蚀试验,分析两种试样的耐久性。结果表明:ZnAl(15)的稳态腐蚀率约为0.43 mm/a;ZnAl(7.5)的稳态腐蚀率约为1.68 mm/a;ZnAl(15)的稳态腐蚀极化电位值更高、变化区间更大,电位最大值接近1.8 V,ZnAl(7.5)的电位最大值约为0.5 V;温度为730℃时,ZnAl(15)和ZnAl(7.5)的腐蚀增质量相差最大为0.07 mg;ZnAl(15)防护涂层的烟气耐久性优于ZnAl(7.5)防护涂层。

华龙一号反应堆上腔室及热段流-热耦合场数值模拟

压水型反应堆(pressurized water reactor,PWR)系统主管道热段内冷却剂的温度和流量,直接反映了核功率和堆芯换热状态,是反应堆功率控制和安全保护的核心参数。为全面掌握华龙一号反应堆上腔室及热段内冷却剂流-热耦合场分布及演变规律,为核心参数测控提供参考,基于有限元分析(finite element method,FEA)方法,对上腔室及热段冷却剂流域进行了计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)数值模拟。首先建立了合理简化后的华龙一号(Hualong One)反应堆上腔室及相连热段的3D几何结构模型。随后对模型计算域进行了离散化网格划分和网格敏感性分析。最后通过计算,获得了冷却剂非等温流动的稳态特性解,流量、温度与相关设计估算值、实际测量值的相对误差均小于2%。对稳态特性研究表明,高、低温冷却剂在上腔室垂直内壁附近的不充分换热导致热段入口冷却剂温度分布不均,存在14.0~16.3℃的温差。随冷却剂沿轴向流动,冷却剂温度场分布和流场分布均逐渐趋于均匀和稳定,且是热段内低温冷却剂的流动主导了冷却剂温度分布的变化。

Observing the steady-state visual evoked potentials with a compact quad-channel spin exchange relaxation-free magnetometer

We observed the steady-state visually evoked potential(SSVEP) from a healthy subject using a compact quad-channel potassium spin exchange relaxation-free(SERF) optically pumped magnetometer(OPM). To this end, 30 s of data were collected, and SSVEP-related magnetic responses with signal intensity ranging from 150 fT to 300 f T were observed for all four channels. The corresponding signal to noise ratio(SNR) was in the range of 3.5–5.5. We then used different channels to operate the sensor as a gradiometer. In the specific case of detecting SSVEP, we noticed that the short channel separation distance led to a strongly diminished gradiometer signal. Although not optimal for the case of SSVEP detection, this set-up can prove to be highly useful for other magnetoencephalography(MEG) paradigms that require good noise cancellation.Considering its compactness, low cost, and good performance, the K-SERF sensor has great potential for biomagnetic field measurements and brain-computer interfaces(BCI).

Steady-state responses of a belt-drive dynamical system under dual excitations

The stable steady-state periodic responses of a belt-drive system with a one-way clutch are studied. For the first time, the dynamical system is investigated under dual excitations. The system is simultaneously excited by the firing pulsations of the engine and the harmonic motion of the foundation. Nonlinear discrete-continuous equations are derived for coupling the transverse vibration of the belt spans and the rotations of the driving and driven pulleys and the accessory pulley. The nonlinear dynamics is studied under equal and multiple relations between the frequency of the fir- ing pulsations and the frequency of the foundation motion. Furthermore, translating belt spans are modeled as axially moving strings. A set of nonlinear piecewise ordinary differ- ential equations is achieved by using the Galerkin truncation. Under various relations between the excitation frequencies, the time histories of the dynamical system are numerically simulated based on the time discretization method. Further- more, the stable steady-state periodic response curves are calculated based on the frequency sweep. Moreover, the convergence of the Galerkin truncation is examined. Numer- ical results demonstrate that the one-way clutch reduces the resonance amplitude of the rotations of the driven pul- ley and the accessory pulley. On the other hand, numerical examples prove that the resonance areas of the belt spans are decreased by eliminating the torque-transmitting in the opposite direction. With the increasing amplitude of the foun- dation excitation, the damping effect of the one-way clutch will be reduced. Furthermore, as the amplitude of the firing pulsations of the engine increases, the jumping phenomena in steady-state response curves of the belt-drive system with or without a one-way clutch both occur.

Impact of Typical Steady-state Conditions and Transient Conditions on Flow Ripple and Its Test Accuracy for Axial Piston Pump

The current research about the flow ripple of axial piston pump mainly focuses on the effect of the structure of parts on the flow ripple. Therein, the structure of parts are usually designed and optimized at rated working conditions. However, the pump usually has to work in large-scale and time-variant working conditions. Therefore, the flow ripple characteristics of pump and analysis for its test accuracy with respect to variant steady-state conditions and transient conditions in a wide range of operating parameters are focused in this paper. First, a simulation model has been constructed, which takes the kinematics of oil film within friction pairs into account for higher accuracy. Afterwards, a test bed which adopts Secondary Source Method is built to verify the model. The simulation and tests results show that the angular position of the piston, corresponding to the position where the peak flow ripple is produced, varies with the different pressure. The pulsating amplitude and pulsation rate of flow ripple increase with the rise of pressure and the variation rate of pressure. For the pump working at a constant speed, the flow pulsation rate decreases dramatically with the increasing speed when the speed is less than 27.78% of the maximum speed, subsequently presents a small decrease tendency with the speed further increasing. With the rise of the variation rate of speed, the pulsating amplitude and pulsation rate of flow ripple increase. As the swash plate angle augments, the pulsating amplitude of flow ripple increases, nevertheless the flow pulsation rate decreases. In contrast with the effect of the variation of pressure, the test accuracy of flow ripple is more sensitive to the variation of speed. It makes the test accuracy above 96.20% available for the pulsating amplitude of pressure deviating within a range of ~6% from the mean pressure. However, with a variation of speed deviating within a range of ±2% from the mean speed, the attainable test accuracy of flow ripple is above 93.07%. The model constructed in this research proposes a method to determine the flow ripple characteristics of pump and its attainable test accuracy under the large-scale and time-variant working conditions. Meanwhile, a discussion about the variation of flow ripple and its obtainable test accuracy with the conditions of the pump working in wide operating ranges is given as well.

STEADY-STATE AND IDLE OPTIMIZA-TION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

A novel steady-state optimization （SSO） of internal combustion engine （ICE） strategy is proposed to maximize the efficiency of the overall powertrain for hybrid electric vehicles, in which the ICE efficiency, the efficiencies of the electric motor （EM） and the energy storage device are all explicitly taken into account. In addition, a novel idle optimization of ICE strategy is implemented to obtain the optimal idle operating point of the ICE and corresponding optimal parking generation power of the EM using the view of the novel SSO of ICE strategy. Simulations results show that potential fuel economy improvement is achieved relative to the conventional one which only optimized the ICE efficiency by the novel SSO of ICE strategy, and fuel consumption per voltage increment decreases a lot during the parking charge by the novel idle optimization of ICE strategy.