China's traditional culture has always stressed the ideological education that"renounce evil and turn to virtue"and"loyalty,sincerity,benevolence,righteousness",which particularly focused on th...China's traditional culture has always stressed the ideological education that"renounce evil and turn to virtue"and"loyalty,sincerity,benevolence,righteousness",which particularly focused on the initiation and guidance for children.As the carrier of the elementary education,enlightenment classics is the essence and concentration of Chinese traditional culture.But it is also a difficult problem for translators that how to perfect the English translation of enlightenment classics in a strategy way to overseas readers.Tianjin Foreign Studies University professor Zhao Yanchun's The Three Word Primer provides solutions to such problem.His English version has faithful content,exquisite style and what's more, it is the first Three Character Classic with"even rhyme style of three-word figure"in the world and it has rhythmic sentences and rhythm sensation.Through the English version of Zhao, the author puts forward some views and thoughts on the translation strategies of the enlightenment classics.展开更多
This research is intended as a practical guide on how to custom-tailor post-disaster housing approaches to suit the countries in which they are implemented.Three classical approaches are chosen,discussed and analytica...This research is intended as a practical guide on how to custom-tailor post-disaster housing approaches to suit the countries in which they are implemented.Three classical approaches are chosen,discussed and analytically compared in order to unveil the shortcomings of their implementation in a country such as Egypt which is faced by technological,economic and time-related challenges in our current time.Strategies are synthesized to in order to overcome these challenges and enhance the prospect of implementing the approaches in the country.Finally,the research presents a series of recommendations which can guide the implementation of the strategically enhanced approaches while bearing reference to real-life challenges and opportunities.展开更多
Non-classical manifestations of autoimmune hepatitis can delay diagnosis and treatment.Our aims were to describe the clinical phenotypes that can confound the diagnosis,detail scoring systems that can ensure their rec...Non-classical manifestations of autoimmune hepatitis can delay diagnosis and treatment.Our aims were to describe the clinical phenotypes that can confound the diagnosis,detail scoring systems that can ensure their recognition,and outline advances in treatment that can improve their outcome.Prime source and review articles in English were selected through Medline from 1970-2008 and assimilated into personal libraries spanning 32 years.Acute severe or asymptomatic presentations and atypical histological findings,including centrilobular zone 3 necrosis and concurrent bile duct changes,are compatible with the diagnosis.Cholangiographic abnormalities may be present in children and adults with the disease,and autoimmune hepatitis must be considered in patients without autoantibodies or with antimitochondrial antibodies and no other cholestatic features.Asymptomatic patients frequently become symptomatic;mild disease can progress;and there are no conf ident indices that justify withholding treatment.Two diagnostic scoring systems with complementary virtues have been developed to evaluate patients with confusing features.Normal liver tests and tissue constitute the optimal end point of treatment,and the f irst relapse is an indication for long-term azathioprine therapy.Cyclosporine,tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil are promising salvage therapies,and budesonide with azathioprine may be a superior frontline treatment.We conclude that the non-classical phenotypes of autoimmune hepatitis can be recognized promptly,diagnosed accurately,and treated effectively.展开更多
Annotation in translation is of great value in communicating"the local"to the global readership.Based on our content and function-centered statistics on the 483 notes of the four English versions of Shen Fu...Annotation in translation is of great value in communicating"the local"to the global readership.Based on our content and function-centered statistics on the 483 notes of the four English versions of Shen Fu’s autobiographical work Fushengliuji,we find that 1)in terms of content,cultural,geographic,historical,and literary references are the most important categories of annotation in the English translation of this work;annotations in the four versions are employed to serve 6 major functions/purposes:to further inform,to facilitate understanding,to avoid misunderstanding,to interpret personally,to cite or allude,and to correct mistakes;2)no correlation can be established between the use of annotation and the reception of the work per se,but it can reflect the translator’s poise and strategy which ultimately affect the reception of the work;and 3)Lin’s version used relatively few notes and relied heavily on paraphrasing,a practice which leads to better accessibility of his translation and at the same time to the possible sacrifice of some culturally and socially significant elements of the original.Black’s translation used notes sparingly,and she was so creative as to rearrange and edit the original text,revealing her approach of radical"reader-centeredness".Pratt and Chiang’s version and Sanders’version used a large number of notes carrying a sinological mission,revealing their respect for the original and their decision to inform and inspire their readers.We argue that cultural translation,whether aided by annotation or not,is predominantly an art about"glocalism"and that both author-centeredness and reader-centeredness can be reconciled,since ultimately they serve the same"communicative"purpose.展开更多
As the quintessence of traditional Chinese culture,Chuang Tzu and other Chinese literary classics have been translated and introduced to many Western countries in succession,arousing Western attention and thoughts on ...As the quintessence of traditional Chinese culture,Chuang Tzu and other Chinese literary classics have been translated and introduced to many Western countries in succession,arousing Western attention and thoughts on Chinese culture.Since Chuang Tzu was introduced to Germany by sinologists and missionaries at the end of the nineteenth century,it has triggered a continuous upsurge of interest in its reading and research,which has solidified into a spiritual mirror aimed at fully representing traditional Chinese culture.From this translation and research history of Chuang Tzu in Germany,a general pattern of"translation lagging behind research"is illustrated.In this process,Germany’s interpretation and acceptance of Chuang Tzu is not only conducted from the perspective of literature and philosophy,but widely extends to other academic realms,including natural science,highlighting its distinct"fusion"and"cross-boundary"features.Examining the cross-cultural presentation and reappearance of Chuang Tzu in Germany is of great enlightening significance to the construction of a translation model for Chinese classics.Thus,a cooperative translation model in which domestic translators and foreign sinologists can draw on each other’s unique strengths during communication could be built.To this end,in the selection of translated classics,translators should pay attention to their own compatibility with the cultural background of the target countries to avoid invalid translation,which might even cause cultural conflicts.Consequently,the translation of Chinese classics will be shifted closer towards their purest original intended purposes.展开更多
文摘China's traditional culture has always stressed the ideological education that"renounce evil and turn to virtue"and"loyalty,sincerity,benevolence,righteousness",which particularly focused on the initiation and guidance for children.As the carrier of the elementary education,enlightenment classics is the essence and concentration of Chinese traditional culture.But it is also a difficult problem for translators that how to perfect the English translation of enlightenment classics in a strategy way to overseas readers.Tianjin Foreign Studies University professor Zhao Yanchun's The Three Word Primer provides solutions to such problem.His English version has faithful content,exquisite style and what's more, it is the first Three Character Classic with"even rhyme style of three-word figure"in the world and it has rhythmic sentences and rhythm sensation.Through the English version of Zhao, the author puts forward some views and thoughts on the translation strategies of the enlightenment classics.
文摘This research is intended as a practical guide on how to custom-tailor post-disaster housing approaches to suit the countries in which they are implemented.Three classical approaches are chosen,discussed and analytically compared in order to unveil the shortcomings of their implementation in a country such as Egypt which is faced by technological,economic and time-related challenges in our current time.Strategies are synthesized to in order to overcome these challenges and enhance the prospect of implementing the approaches in the country.Finally,the research presents a series of recommendations which can guide the implementation of the strategically enhanced approaches while bearing reference to real-life challenges and opportunities.
文摘Non-classical manifestations of autoimmune hepatitis can delay diagnosis and treatment.Our aims were to describe the clinical phenotypes that can confound the diagnosis,detail scoring systems that can ensure their recognition,and outline advances in treatment that can improve their outcome.Prime source and review articles in English were selected through Medline from 1970-2008 and assimilated into personal libraries spanning 32 years.Acute severe or asymptomatic presentations and atypical histological findings,including centrilobular zone 3 necrosis and concurrent bile duct changes,are compatible with the diagnosis.Cholangiographic abnormalities may be present in children and adults with the disease,and autoimmune hepatitis must be considered in patients without autoantibodies or with antimitochondrial antibodies and no other cholestatic features.Asymptomatic patients frequently become symptomatic;mild disease can progress;and there are no conf ident indices that justify withholding treatment.Two diagnostic scoring systems with complementary virtues have been developed to evaluate patients with confusing features.Normal liver tests and tissue constitute the optimal end point of treatment,and the f irst relapse is an indication for long-term azathioprine therapy.Cyclosporine,tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil are promising salvage therapies,and budesonide with azathioprine may be a superior frontline treatment.We conclude that the non-classical phenotypes of autoimmune hepatitis can be recognized promptly,diagnosed accurately,and treated effectively.
基金sponsored by the“Overseas Reception of Suzhou Local Culture”fund(No.2019SJA1330)the Jiangsu Social Sciences and Humanities Fund(No.18WWD005)。
文摘Annotation in translation is of great value in communicating"the local"to the global readership.Based on our content and function-centered statistics on the 483 notes of the four English versions of Shen Fu’s autobiographical work Fushengliuji,we find that 1)in terms of content,cultural,geographic,historical,and literary references are the most important categories of annotation in the English translation of this work;annotations in the four versions are employed to serve 6 major functions/purposes:to further inform,to facilitate understanding,to avoid misunderstanding,to interpret personally,to cite or allude,and to correct mistakes;2)no correlation can be established between the use of annotation and the reception of the work per se,but it can reflect the translator’s poise and strategy which ultimately affect the reception of the work;and 3)Lin’s version used relatively few notes and relied heavily on paraphrasing,a practice which leads to better accessibility of his translation and at the same time to the possible sacrifice of some culturally and socially significant elements of the original.Black’s translation used notes sparingly,and she was so creative as to rearrange and edit the original text,revealing her approach of radical"reader-centeredness".Pratt and Chiang’s version and Sanders’version used a large number of notes carrying a sinological mission,revealing their respect for the original and their decision to inform and inspire their readers.We argue that cultural translation,whether aided by annotation or not,is predominantly an art about"glocalism"and that both author-centeredness and reader-centeredness can be reconciled,since ultimately they serve the same"communicative"purpose.
基金supported by Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Science Fund Project“Research on the dissemination of Chinese contemporary novels in Germany and the construction of Chinese image”(2017SJB1315)
文摘As the quintessence of traditional Chinese culture,Chuang Tzu and other Chinese literary classics have been translated and introduced to many Western countries in succession,arousing Western attention and thoughts on Chinese culture.Since Chuang Tzu was introduced to Germany by sinologists and missionaries at the end of the nineteenth century,it has triggered a continuous upsurge of interest in its reading and research,which has solidified into a spiritual mirror aimed at fully representing traditional Chinese culture.From this translation and research history of Chuang Tzu in Germany,a general pattern of"translation lagging behind research"is illustrated.In this process,Germany’s interpretation and acceptance of Chuang Tzu is not only conducted from the perspective of literature and philosophy,but widely extends to other academic realms,including natural science,highlighting its distinct"fusion"and"cross-boundary"features.Examining the cross-cultural presentation and reappearance of Chuang Tzu in Germany is of great enlightening significance to the construction of a translation model for Chinese classics.Thus,a cooperative translation model in which domestic translators and foreign sinologists can draw on each other’s unique strengths during communication could be built.To this end,in the selection of translated classics,translators should pay attention to their own compatibility with the cultural background of the target countries to avoid invalid translation,which might even cause cultural conflicts.Consequently,the translation of Chinese classics will be shifted closer towards their purest original intended purposes.
