The Substantive Reform of Court Trials: A Transformation of Logic in the Methods of Evidence Investigation——Summary of the Reform Pilot Project in Chengdu

In the pilot project of the substantive reform of court trials,“unexpected” judgments appeared constantly because the traditional documentary investigation mode has been replaced by an investigation mode under the principle of directness and verbalism. This change in the logic of factual judgments has caused a change in the methods of evidence examination. In traditional evidence examination, evidence obtained from investigations is supposed to be genuine and reliable. In the substantive reform of court trials, it is presumed that evidence obtained from investigations cannot be fully trusted and it is easier to ascertain the facts of the case by investigating using the principles of directness, verbalism and individualized judging methods for evidence examinations. In practice, there are three main factors affecting the genuineness of evidence: the cognitive rules of testifiers, the motivation of the subjects who provide evidence, and the methods used by investigators to obtain evidence. Based on any one of these three factors, it cannot be concluded that evidence obtained from investigations is superior to evidence presented in court. The substantive court investigation is more advantageous to establishing the facts of a case than the traditional court investigation. The essential characteristics of the substantive reform of court trials are pursuing reality in essence instead of in form, and using the files of the court trials instead of the files of the investigation to avoid the evidence obtained through investigations from playing a decisive role in the adjudication thus making criminal procedures trial-centered rather than investigation-centered.

Research on the Operation Mechanism of Claim in Civil Procedure Law and the Applications on Court Trial Way Reform

In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.

Vibration Analysis for the Comfort Assessment of Superyachts

Comfort levels on modern superyachts have recently been the object of specific attention of the most important Classification Societies, which issued new rules and regulations for evaluating noise and vibration maximum levels. These rules are named "Comfort Class Rules" and set the general criteria for noise and vibration measurements in different vessels' areas, as well as the maximum noise and vibration limit values. As far as the vibration assessment is concerned, the Comfort Class Rules follow either the ISO 6954:1984 standard or the ISO 6954:2000. After an introduction to these relevant standards, the authors herein present a procedure developed to predict the vibration levels on ships. This procedure builds on finite element linear dynamic analysis and is applied to predict the vibration levels on a 60 m superyacht considered as a case study. The results of the numerical simulations are then benchmarked against experimental data acquired during the sea trial of the vessel. This analysis also allows the authors to evaluate the global damping ratio to be used by designers in the vibration analysis of superyachts.

Evaluation of clayed silt properties on the behavior of hydrate production in South China Sea

Gas hydrate is one kind of potential energy resources that is buried under deep seafloor or frozen areas.The first trial offshore production from the silty reservoir was conducted in the South China Sea by the China Geological Survey(CGS).During this test,there were many unique characteristics different from the sand reservoir,which was believed to be related to the clayed silt physical properties.In this paper,simulation experiments,facilities analysis,and theoretical calculation were used to confirm the hydrate structure,reservoir thermo-physical property,and bond water movement rule.And the behavior of how they affected production efficiency was analyzed.The results showed that:It was reasonable to use the structure I rather than structure II methane hydrate phase equilibrium data to make the production plan;the dissociation heat absorbed by hydrate was large enough to cause hydrate self-protection or reformation depend on the reservoir thermal transfer and gas supply;clayed silt got better thermal conductivity compared to coarse grain,but poor thermal convection especially with hydrate;clayed silt sediment was easy to bond water,but the irreducible water can be exchanged to free water under high production pressure,and the most obvious pressure range of water increment was 1.9–4.9 MPa.

Prospect Analysis of the Application of the Jury System in Our Country

Can the jury system replace the system of people's assessors and find a way out of the jury system dilemma in our country? The author gives an affirmative answer that the jury system should be established as soon as possible in our country in order to give full play to the efficacy and value of judicial democracy and supervision. This paper tries to analyze from the following three aspects. Firstly, it analyzes the differences and advantages and disadvantages of two jury patterns including the jury system and the mixed court system; then,based on the statement of development and existing problems of the mixed court system in our country,it analyzes the feasibility of application of the jury system in our country combining with national conditions; finally, social effect of the introduction of the jury system is evaluated,which affects the situation as a whole domino.

A Balance Between Court Security and Fair Trials:Court Cages in Criminal Cases——Using European Court of Human Rights Cases for Reference

In response to the 'cages in courts' issue in criminal trials,after reviewing a series of cases such as 'Svinarenko and Slyadnev v.Russia',the European Court of Human Rights has gradually clarified that the 'human dignity of the accused and his right to a fair trial are higher than the value of court security',thus found that putting the accused in a cage dock or improper use of a glass cabin dock are in breach of Article 3 and Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights,constitutes degrading treatment and violates the right to a fair trial.This position is in line with the international overall trend,which is of significance as a reference for China’s courts.Domestic courts should take the initiative to change the current use of the 'low fence dock' to further enhance China’s judicial civilization.

Development and Influencing Factors of Compliance Behaviors of Investigators in Clinical Trials

The development and influencing factors of compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trials were explored. According to literature review, a hypothetical model of development of compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trials was established, and the influencing factors of compliance behavior of investigators and their interrelationships were studied based on questionnaire survey of five hundred investigators sampled randomly from one hundred clinical trial institutions in China. Cron- bach＇s alpha coefficient and structural equation modeling were adopted to empirically analyze the re- suits. Six variables in the hypothetical model were included： compliance behavior of investigators, credibility of clinical trial, capability of government regulation, quality control of sponsor, quality con- trol of clinical institution and compliance intention of investigators. Empirical analysis showed that the compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trial was directly affected by compliance intention of investigators, quality control of sponsor and quality control of clinical institution. In addition, credibility of clinical trial and capability of government regulation indirectly affected the compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trial through influencing the compliance intention of investigators, quality con- trol of sponsor and quality control of clinical institution. Quality control of sponsor was affected by credibility of clinical trial and capability of government regulation while quality control of clinical in- stitutinn wan only influenced by capability of government regulation.

审判阶段涉案企业合规改革检法衔接协同问题探究

人民法院如何接纳、吸收检察机关已经取得的合规成果,可以从厘清“检察主导”与“以审判为中心”的诉讼法律关系、调试企业合规与认罪认罚从宽的关系以及处理合规运行中的技术情形等三方面探究。“检察主导”与“以审判为中心”在合规启动决定权归属、合规过程掌控权以及合规成果转化等方面存在矛盾。检法的合规控制权冲突可以被调和,检察机关侧重于过程控制,审判机关侧重于实体控制。企业合规可与认罪认罚从宽制度融合构建,且是认罪认罚从宽制度在单位犯罪治理方面的深化,可通过认罪因素对合规的影响、量刑建议在合规中的定位、量刑建议材料优化等角度描述二者的融合表现。企业合规的适用条件应当符合改革目的,需关注审前合规与审判合规的衔接,法院为合规顺利开展提供的诉讼技术支持,以及撤回起诉的程序法与实体法区别等问题。人民法院应以“独立评估”模式参加一审阶段的企业合规,以“法院主导”模式参加二审上诉阶段的企业合规。

砖木结构古建筑火灾风险影响因子评估研究

提出模糊DEMATEL-ISM的方法,在建立古建筑火灾评价指标体系的基础上,对归属于4大类风险因素的25个潜在风险因子进行关联性分析,得出因子的因果属性及因子间的逻辑层次结构关系,从而对古建筑火灾风险进行评估。利用模糊DEMATEL-ISM法对华阴市西岳庙灏灵殿进行实例分析,结果表明:疏散与扑救条件、电器设备隐患的原因度较大,需要对其予以控制;耐火等级、火灾荷载的结果度大,为事故发生的主要原因;疏散与扑救条件、易燃易爆危险品、电器设备隐患、安全责任制、灭火应急预案和演练为古建筑火灾事故的关键风险因子,可为古建筑火灾风险管控工作提供相应参考。

自走引流式森林风力灭火机设计与试验

为提高森林火灾初期灭火的效率,设计一种应用于森林火灾初期快速灭火的新型自走引流式森林风力灭火机。首先对灭火机的整体结构、工作原理进行阐述,对风筒等关键部件进行设计计算。其次利用UG对灭火机的结构进行设计,用ANSYS静力学、模态分析模块对整机机架进行仿真分析,验证整机机架设计的合理性与工作特性。最后对样机进行试制,与我国常见的6MF-32便携式灭火机作对比试验,自走引流式森林风力灭火机距可燃物5 m,手持式6MF-32灭火机距可燃物2.5 m。试验结果表明,在7次对比试验中,当可燃物量大于2.5 kg时,6MF-32便携式灭火机出现灭火后复燃现象;当可燃物的质量达到3.5 kg时,风力灭火机会出现灭火后复燃现象。试验中,自走引流式森林风力灭火机的灭火时间比6MF-32便携式灭火机短,因此可以看出自走引流式森林风力灭火机在灭火距离、效率上的优越性。

庭审实质化视角下讯问被告人程序改革研究

“以审判为中心”的刑事诉讼制度改革,重心在于庭审实质化的实现。然而,我国刑事法庭调查阶段讯问被告人程序存在诸多问题,成为了庭审实质化的明显阻碍。该程序在我国刑事诉讼中发挥着对庭审走向定调、确定被告人认罪态度及案件争点和与控方优势暗合的实际作用。比较研究表明,刑事诉讼程序包括讯问被告人程序的设计应始终遵循“不得强迫任何人证明自己有罪”的基本理念。我国的讯问被告人程序,是“职权主义诉讼模式”“印证证明模式”和“案卷笔录中心主义”共同形塑下的产物。在未来的《刑事诉讼法》修改中,应当对该程序进行改革,赋予被告人选择是否作为控方证人接受检察官询问的权利,凸显被告人的主体性地位,优化调整庭审布局,以推进庭审实质化的落实,进而确保司法公正的实现。

基于D-I-M协同模型的企业数字化转型财务管理风险识别研究

数字化正在重塑经济发展的轨道,成为赋能经济增长新动力。精准识别财务管理风险中的关键指标及其相互关系,对企业更好地完成数字化转型尤为关键。融合企业人力、运营、财务、环境4个基本维度,从链式传导视角构建转型背景下企业财务管理风险指标体系。通过决策试验与评价实验室(DEMATL)法,分析各影响因素之间中心度和原因度关系,并利用解释结构模型(ISM),将矩阵进一步分析得到影响因素的层级划分,归纳影响因素之间的内在指向关系,最后运用交叉影响矩阵相乘(MICMAC)法计算各因素的驱动—依赖关系以判断其属性类别。提出通过D-I-M协同分析的方法,识别财务管理风险路径,为企业进行多链融合数字化转型、规避财务管理风险提供参考。

合议庭结构对陪审员实质参审刑事案件的影响

通过对1700余份陪审员调查问卷的分析,验证了合议庭结构对陪审员实质参审存在着影响。总体来看,在规模越大、陪审员所占比例越高的合议庭中,陪审员更能实质参审。而且,在不同合议庭结构中,影响陪审员实质参审程度的因素并不完全相同。在陪审员数量和占比较低的合议庭中,陪审员实质参审程度的提升更依赖于合议庭民主氛围的提升;而在陪审员数量和占比较高的合议庭中,陪审员实质参审程度的提升更依赖于庭审实质化的实现程度。为进一步提升陪审员实质参审程度,可在不同合议庭中采用更符合陪审员认知和决策规律的合议庭选择机制,并在不同合议庭中采用更加有针对性地提升陪审员实质参审程度的方式。

基于DEMATEL-AISM的起重驾驶员态势感知与行为响应模型

为深入挖掘起重驾驶员态势感知信息-行为的因果关系,结合ENDSLEY态势感知模型与决策实验室分析(DEMATEL)-对抗解释结构模型(AISM)方法,构建起重驾驶员态势感知与行为响应模型。首先,以起重作业任务为研究对象,使用态势感知理论分析驾驶员行为响应过程,获取信息要素;其次,基于DEMATEL法,量化研究要素间的相互关系,得到综合影响矩阵,进而分析要素的属性及特征值,确定模型的关键要素;最后,采用AISM获得原因-结果属性稳定的层级结构,据此构建起重驾驶员态势感知与行为响应信息模型。结果表明:得到包含轨迹预测与规划、避碰等关键要素的22个要素及影响关系构成的5层信息模型;而且,模型明确了信息要素属性特征、影响关系及影响程度,较好地解释了驾驶员态势感知及行为响应过程。

长三角城市群经济韧性测度与分析——基于Shift-Share的经济韧性分解

以长三角城市群27个城市为研究对象,测度2008—2010年抵抗期和2010—2019年恢复期城市群经济韧性水平,并进一步运用Shift-Share分解方法探索长三角城市群经济韧性内在影响机制。研究显示:抵抗期和恢复期中长三角城市群经济韧性均值分别为0.309和0.301,均强于全国层面经济韧性水平;Shift-Share分解后发现竞争力分量对各城市经济韧性水平提升起到决定性作用,抵抗期阶段主要由第二、三产业共同作用影响经济韧性水平;恢复期阶段则以第二产业竞争力为主导力量,同时以第三产业竞争力作为辅助力量。通过实证探究长三角城市群经济一体化发展的规律和特点,为增强中国经济韧性提出相关建议,助力中国经济高质量发展。

基于24Model-D-ISM的地铁站火灾疏散影响因素研究

为预防地铁站火灾事故,深入了解地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素间的内在联系与层次结构,基于第6版“2-4”模型(24Model)分析63起地铁站火灾疏散事故,充分考虑各个因素之间的交互作用,提取19个影响地铁站人员疏散的关键因素,建立地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素指标体系;采用算子客观赋权法(C-OWA)改进决策试验与评价实验法(DEMATEL),确定地铁站火灾人员疏散的重要影响因素;在此基础上,采用解释结构模型(ISM)分析各个因素间的层次结构及相互作用路径,构建地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素的多级递阶结构模型。研究结果表明:疏散引导、恐慌从众行为、人员拥挤为地铁站火灾人员疏散的关键影响因素;地铁站火灾人员疏散受表层因素、中间层因素、深层因素共同作用的影响,其中,疏散教育与培训、设施维护与检查、疏散预案等因素是根源影响因素,重视根源影响因素的改善有利于从本质上预防和控制事故的发生。

结合STPA和DEMATEL-ISM的民机起落架收放系统风险研究

为从系统整体角度完成对起落架收放系统的风险辨识和影响分析,将系统理论过程分析(Systematic Theory Process Analysis,STPA)与决策实验室分析-解释结构模型(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Interpretive Structural Modeling,DEMATEL-ISM)相结合来开展分析。首先,定义事故和系统级危险,以民机进近阶段放下起落架为例,运用STPA完成对风险因素的系统化辨识;其次,基于最大平均熵减(Maximum Mean De-entropy,MMDE)算法帮助DEMATEL-ISM模型确定阈值,完成对风险因素影响的重要性分析并识别可能引发系统级危险的风险传递路径,据此挖掘关键致因场景,以给出风险预防建议。结果显示:线路性能退化或失效、位置作动控制组件(Position Action Control Unit,PACU)核心处理器故障为关键原因因素,收放作动筒作动异常、机组成员操作不当、起落架指示灯显示异常、起落架液压选择阀作动异常、PACU信息接收有误为关键结果因素,这些因素均涉及多条可能引发系统级危险的风险传递路径,应予以重点控制。

基于DEMATEL-AISM的矿山救护指挥员能力素质研究

为探究矿山救护指挥员能力素质要素及相互间的关系,促进矿山应急救援水平的进一步提升,通过文献研究和界值法分析,从政治素质、身体素质、业务素质、心理素质和管理素质5个方面筛选能力素质的核心要素,建立矿山救护指挥员能力素质指标体系,采用决策实验室算法和对抗解释结构模型联用的方法,构建因果关系和对抗多层拓扑结构,分析了矿山救护指挥员能力素质的多要素重要程度和耦合关系。结果表明,应急救援理论和知识、心理承受能力、纪律意识、对党忠诚是有效提高矿山救护指挥员能力素质的重要因素,避免队伍自身伤亡能力、临危不乱、应急救援决策能力和灾害事故研判能力是关键要素,避免队伍自身伤亡能力为帕累托最优集。

集成灾害系统和D/I模型的岩溶区燃气管道致灾演化层次结构分析

为进一步厘清岩溶区燃气管道多因素致灾演化的层次结构,基于灾害系统理论将其解构为孕灾环境、灾害因子、承灾体和灾情4大子系统,结合决策实验室分析法和解释结构模型分析多因素致灾演化的逻辑层次和因果递进关系,建立多级递阶结构模型并明确风险管控要点。研究结果表明:灾害系统风险因素分布于多阶层级,形成差异化作用路径和异质性影响效应;岩溶塌陷长度和宽度等表层直接因素对致灾演化造成直接影响,是风险管控第1要务;岩溶覆盖层特征、地形地貌等中层间接因素在灾害系统中起承上启下作用;构造条件、火源等深层根本因素位于多阶结构底层,对其管控能从本质上有效遏制灾害演化发展。研究结果可为岩溶地质隐患区燃气管道工程提供防灾减灾参考。

侦审信息阻断机制构建与三原则重新解读——我国刑事庭审实质化出路探索

习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出,要严格公正司法,深化司法体制综合配套改革,全面准确落实司法责任制,加快建设公正高效权威的社会主义司法制度。庭审实质化既是巩固“以审判为中心”改革举措的关键手段,也是一个国家司法文明的重要体现。我国当前庭审实质化改革中遭遇案卷依赖的阻碍,究其原因是对“分工负责,互相配合,互相制约”三原则的误读,以致于产生“流水线”式固化诉讼结构,继而出现庭审依赖案卷的现象。因此,有必要对庭审实质化的意义、所面临的阻碍以及消解这些阻碍的对策等相关问题做出妥善处理。这对于坚持走中国特色社会主义法治道路,建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家具有深刻意义。